华北东部上地幔破裂带
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摘要
利用天然地震的走时和S波震相的层析成像方法可以提供上地幔S波速度扰动精细图像。我们对华北东部(32°～44°N,114°～126°E)进行了高分辨率S波地震层析成像研究,揭示了苏鲁及环渤海地区上地幔速度结构的差异,为研究该区域深部构造演化提供新的地球物理证据和制约。本次成像取得的最醒目的成果是揭示了由波速剧烈变化指示的两条上地幔破碎带,它们分别出现在渤海湾裂谷区与苏鲁超高压变质带下方。苏鲁超高压变质带下方上地幔破碎带包含多个有序排列的高速团块,推测与扬子走滑并向前俯冲、以及前锋超高压变质块体拆沉及折返作用有关。地幔地震S波速的成像结果支持华北东部渤海湾地区发育地幔热羽柱体系的观点,并对地幔热羽柱的鉴识提供了新的标识。
The travel time of natural earthquakes and the tomography of S-wave seismic phase can provide the fine images of S-wave velocity disturbance of the Upper Mantle.The study of the high-resolution S-wave tomography of the eastern part of North China(32°～44°N,115°～126°E)has revealed the velocity structure differences of the upper mantle between Su-Lu areas and circum-Bohai Bay areas;this result has yielded new geophysical evidences and constraints for the further research of the regional deep structure evolution.The remarkable achievement of this paper is the recognition of two Upper Mantle crack zones indicated by the dramatic variations of the seismic velocities,which occur separately under the Bohai Bay rift area and the Su-Lu ultrahigh pressure metamorphic belt.The crack zone under the Su-Lu ultrahigh pressure metamorphic belt embraces multiple sequentially arranged high velocity blocks,which are supposed to be genetically connected with(1)the strike-slip faulting and the forward subduction of the Yangtze plate,and(2)the subduction and exhumation mechanism of the frontier ultrahigh pressure metamorphic blocks.The results of the Upper Mantle S-wave seismic velocity tomography support that an Upper Mantle plume system has been developing in the Bohai Bay areas;these results also offer a new criterion for distinguishing the plume system.
The travel time of natural earthquakes and the tomography of S-wave seismic phase can provide the fine images of S-wave velocity disturbance of the Upper Mantle.The study of the high-resolution S-wave tomography of the eastern part of North China(32°～44°N,115°～126°E)has revealed the velocity structure differences of the upper mantle between Su-Lu areas and circum-Bohai Bay areas;this result has yielded new geophysical evidences and constraints for the further research of the regional deep structure evolution.The remarkable achievement of this paper is the recognition of two Upper Mantle crack zones indicated by the dramatic variations of the seismic velocities,which occur separately under the Bohai Bay rift area and the Su-Lu ultrahigh pressure metamorphic belt.The crack zone under the Su-Lu ultrahigh pressure metamorphic belt embraces multiple sequentially arranged high velocity blocks,which are supposed to be genetically connected with(1)the strike-slip faulting and the forward subduction of the Yangtze plate,and(2)the subduction and exhumation mechanism of the frontier ultrahigh pressure metamorphic blocks.The results of the Upper Mantle S-wave seismic velocity tomography support that an Upper Mantle plume system has been developing in the Bohai Bay areas;these results also offer a new criterion for distinguishing the plume system.
引文
[1]张学民,杨文采,于常青.2008.华北东部地壳上地幔S波地震层析成像研究,投地球物理学报.
白文吉,周美付,胡旭峰,等.1993.华北地块岩石圈构造演化与镁铁-超镁铁杂岩矿化特征,北京:地震出版社.
池际尚主编.1988.中国东部新生代玄武岩及上地幔研究,武汉:中国地质大学出版社.
丁国瑜主编.1991.中国岩石圈动力学概论,北京:地震出版社.
黄金莉,赵大鹏.2005.首都圈地区地壳三维P波速度细结构与强震孕育的深部构造环境,科学通报,50(4):348～355.
金振民,余日东,杨文采,等.2003.江苏东海县幔源橄榄岩包体及其深部构造意义,地质学报,77(4):433～450.
刘福田,徐佩芬,刘劲松等.2003.大陆俯冲带的地壳速度结构——东大别造山带深地震宽角反折射研究,地球物理学报,46(3):366～376.
刘福田,曲克信,吴华,等.1986.华北地区的地震层析成像,地球物理学报,29(5):442～449.
刘光鼎.1992.中国海区及邻域地球物理场特征,北京:科学出版社.
刘光鼎.1992.中国海区及邻域地质地球物理场系列图,北京:科学出版社
刘建华,郝天珧,刘振峰,等.2003.黄海及其邻区深部结构特点与地质演化,地球物理学报,49(6),454～464.
刘建华,孙若昧.1995.秦岭-大别造山带及其南北缘地震层析成像,地球物理学报,38(1),46～54.
刘若新.1990.华北最上地幔岩石物性分层,北京:地震出版社.
裴顺平,许忠淮,汪素云,等.2004.中国大陆及邻近地区上地幔顶部Sn波速度层析成像,地球物理学报,47(2),250～256.
齐诚,赵大鹏,陈颙,等.2006.首都圈地区P波和S波三维速度结构及其与大地震的关系,地球物理学报,49(3),805～815.
秦蕴珊,陈丽蓉.1989.黄海地质,北京:海洋出版社.
任纪舜主编.1992.中国东部及邻区大陆岩石圈构造演化与成矿,北京:科学出版社.
滕吉文,张中杰,张秉铭,等.1997.渤海地球物理场与深部潜在的特异构造背景,地球物理学报,40(4),468～480.
滕吉文,魏斯禹,王谦身,等.1990.中国东部大陆边缘地带的岩石圈结构与动力学,北京:科学出版社.
滕吉文,张中杰,白武明,等,2004,岩石圈物理学,北京:科学出版社.
胥颐,刘建华,郝天珧.2006.中国东部海域及邻区岩石层地幔的P波速度结构与构造分析,地球物理学报,49(4),1053～1061.
徐佩芬刘福田.1999.扬子板块俯冲、断离的地震层析成像证据,科学通报,44(15),1658～1661.
徐佩芬,刘福田,王清晨,等.2000.大别-苏鲁碰撞造山带的地震层析成像研究——岩石圈三维速度结构,地球物理学报,43(3):377～385.
许志琴,张泽民,刘福来等.2003.苏鲁高压-超高压变质带的折返构造及折返机制,地质学报,77(4):451～463.
杨文采,陈志德.2005.中国东部的多重拱弧地震构造.中国科学(D辑),35(12),1120～1130.
杨文采,程振炎,张春贺.2003.中国科学钻探选址地球物理调查与大别-苏鲁岩石圈,地球学报,24(5),391～404.
杨文采,徐纪人,程振炎,等.2005a.苏鲁大别地球物理与壳幔作用,北京:地质出版社.
杨文采,李幼铭.1993.应用地震层析成像,北京:地质出版社.
杨文采,于长青.2001.从地球物理资料看大别-苏鲁超高压变质带演化的运动学与动力学,地球物理学报,44(3):346～359.
杨文采.1998.全球流体通道网络系统,地球物理学报,41(5):621～633.
杨文采.1989.地球物理反演与地震层析成像,北京:地质出版社.
杨文采.1998.后板块地球内部物理学,北京:地质出版社.
杨文采.2003.东大别超高压变质带的深部构造.中国科学,33(2),183～192.
杨文采.2005.中央造山带东段岩石圈的构造格架,中国地质,32(2):299～309.
张文佑.1986.中国海区及邻域海陆大地构造,北京:科学出版社.
张学民,刁桂苓,赵英萍,王卫民,束沛镒.2006.华北地区深部地幔剪切波速度结构研究,地球物理学报,49(6):1709～1719.
张学民,张天中,李永红,李霞,刁桂苓.2007.山东地区多台波速比研究,地震地质,95～104.
郑建平.1999.中国东部地幔置换作用及中新生代岩石圈减薄,武汉:地质出版社.
Condie K C.2001.Mantle Plumes and Their Record in EarthHistory.Cambridge Univ.Press.,U.K.
Davies G F.1999.Dynamic Earth,Cambridge Unin.Press,UK.
Levshin A L Barmin M P Barmin M P.2001.New constraints onthe arctic crust and uppermost mantle:surface wave groupvelocities,Pn,and Sn.Phys Earth and Planetary Interiors》,123,185～204.
Nolet G.1994.Low S velocities under the Tornquist-Teisseyrezone:evidence for water injection into the transition zone bysubduction,《Journal of Geophysical Research》99,15813～15820.
UmJ,Thurber C.1987.Afast algorithmfor two-point seismic raytracing.Bull SeismSoc Am,77:972～986
Yang Wencai and Du Jianyuan.1992.Seismic scattering tomographywith application to crustal investigations.Earthquake Researchin China.6(2):221～239.
Yang W C.2000.Analysis of deep intracontinental subduction.Episodes,23(1):20～24.
Yang WC.2002.Geophysical profiling across the Sulu ultra-high-pressure metamorphic belt,Eastern China.Tectonophysics,354:277～288.
Yang WC.2003.Flat mantle reflectors in eastern China:possibleevidence of lithospheric thinning.Tectonophysics,369(3-4):219～230.
Zhao D,Hasegawa A,Horjuchi S.1992.Tomographicimaging of Pand S wave velocity structure beneath northeastern Japan.JGeophys Res,97:19909～19928.
白文吉,周美付,胡旭峰,等.1993.华北地块岩石圈构造演化与镁铁-超镁铁杂岩矿化特征,北京:地震出版社.
池际尚主编.1988.中国东部新生代玄武岩及上地幔研究,武汉:中国地质大学出版社.
丁国瑜主编.1991.中国岩石圈动力学概论,北京:地震出版社.
黄金莉,赵大鹏.2005.首都圈地区地壳三维P波速度细结构与强震孕育的深部构造环境,科学通报,50(4):348～355.
金振民,余日东,杨文采,等.2003.江苏东海县幔源橄榄岩包体及其深部构造意义,地质学报,77(4):433～450.
刘福田,徐佩芬,刘劲松等.2003.大陆俯冲带的地壳速度结构——东大别造山带深地震宽角反折射研究,地球物理学报,46(3):366～376.
刘福田,曲克信,吴华,等.1986.华北地区的地震层析成像,地球物理学报,29(5):442～449.
刘光鼎.1992.中国海区及邻域地球物理场特征,北京:科学出版社.
刘光鼎.1992.中国海区及邻域地质地球物理场系列图,北京:科学出版社
刘建华,郝天珧,刘振峰,等.2003.黄海及其邻区深部结构特点与地质演化,地球物理学报,49(6),454～464.
刘建华,孙若昧.1995.秦岭-大别造山带及其南北缘地震层析成像,地球物理学报,38(1),46～54.
刘若新.1990.华北最上地幔岩石物性分层,北京:地震出版社.
裴顺平,许忠淮,汪素云,等.2004.中国大陆及邻近地区上地幔顶部Sn波速度层析成像,地球物理学报,47(2),250～256.
齐诚,赵大鹏,陈颙,等.2006.首都圈地区P波和S波三维速度结构及其与大地震的关系,地球物理学报,49(3),805～815.
秦蕴珊,陈丽蓉.1989.黄海地质,北京:海洋出版社.
任纪舜主编.1992.中国东部及邻区大陆岩石圈构造演化与成矿,北京:科学出版社.
滕吉文,张中杰,张秉铭,等.1997.渤海地球物理场与深部潜在的特异构造背景,地球物理学报,40(4),468～480.
滕吉文,魏斯禹,王谦身,等.1990.中国东部大陆边缘地带的岩石圈结构与动力学,北京:科学出版社.
滕吉文,张中杰,白武明,等,2004,岩石圈物理学,北京:科学出版社.
胥颐,刘建华,郝天珧.2006.中国东部海域及邻区岩石层地幔的P波速度结构与构造分析,地球物理学报,49(4),1053～1061.
徐佩芬刘福田.1999.扬子板块俯冲、断离的地震层析成像证据,科学通报,44(15),1658～1661.
徐佩芬,刘福田,王清晨,等.2000.大别-苏鲁碰撞造山带的地震层析成像研究——岩石圈三维速度结构,地球物理学报,43(3):377～385.
许志琴,张泽民,刘福来等.2003.苏鲁高压-超高压变质带的折返构造及折返机制,地质学报,77(4):451～463.
杨文采,陈志德.2005.中国东部的多重拱弧地震构造.中国科学(D辑),35(12),1120～1130.
杨文采,程振炎,张春贺.2003.中国科学钻探选址地球物理调查与大别-苏鲁岩石圈,地球学报,24(5),391～404.
杨文采,徐纪人,程振炎,等.2005a.苏鲁大别地球物理与壳幔作用,北京:地质出版社.
杨文采,李幼铭.1993.应用地震层析成像,北京:地质出版社.
杨文采,于长青.2001.从地球物理资料看大别-苏鲁超高压变质带演化的运动学与动力学,地球物理学报,44(3):346～359.
杨文采.1998.全球流体通道网络系统,地球物理学报,41(5):621～633.
杨文采.1989.地球物理反演与地震层析成像,北京:地质出版社.
杨文采.1998.后板块地球内部物理学,北京:地质出版社.
杨文采.2003.东大别超高压变质带的深部构造.中国科学,33(2),183～192.
杨文采.2005.中央造山带东段岩石圈的构造格架,中国地质,32(2):299～309.
张文佑.1986.中国海区及邻域海陆大地构造,北京:科学出版社.
张学民,刁桂苓,赵英萍,王卫民,束沛镒.2006.华北地区深部地幔剪切波速度结构研究,地球物理学报,49(6):1709～1719.
张学民,张天中,李永红,李霞,刁桂苓.2007.山东地区多台波速比研究,地震地质,95～104.
郑建平.1999.中国东部地幔置换作用及中新生代岩石圈减薄,武汉:地质出版社.
Condie K C.2001.Mantle Plumes and Their Record in EarthHistory.Cambridge Univ.Press.,U.K.
Davies G F.1999.Dynamic Earth,Cambridge Unin.Press,UK.
Levshin A L Barmin M P Barmin M P.2001.New constraints onthe arctic crust and uppermost mantle:surface wave groupvelocities,Pn,and Sn.Phys Earth and Planetary Interiors》,123,185～204.
Nolet G.1994.Low S velocities under the Tornquist-Teisseyrezone:evidence for water injection into the transition zone bysubduction,《Journal of Geophysical Research》99,15813～15820.
UmJ,Thurber C.1987.Afast algorithmfor two-point seismic raytracing.Bull SeismSoc Am,77:972～986
Yang Wencai and Du Jianyuan.1992.Seismic scattering tomographywith application to crustal investigations.Earthquake Researchin China.6(2):221～239.
Yang W C.2000.Analysis of deep intracontinental subduction.Episodes,23(1):20～24.
Yang WC.2002.Geophysical profiling across the Sulu ultra-high-pressure metamorphic belt,Eastern China.Tectonophysics,354:277～288.
Yang WC.2003.Flat mantle reflectors in eastern China:possibleevidence of lithospheric thinning.Tectonophysics,369(3-4):219～230.
Zhao D,Hasegawa A,Horjuchi S.1992.Tomographicimaging of Pand S wave velocity structure beneath northeastern Japan.JGeophys Res,97:19909～19928.
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