唐山井水温的同震变化及其物理解释
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摘要
唐山市一口水井观测到多次同震水位振荡,以及伴之的高精度测量到的深部层水温变化.水温变化幅度与水位振荡幅度有关,水位幅度变化数厘米到一米,水温变化幅度为0.001℃~0.01℃,而且总是温度下降,震后一到数小时内水温恢复正常.我们进行了有限单元法模型计算,认为井水垂直振荡时搅动井水引起的弥散效应,是造成同震水温变化的主要原因,后续的热传导作用可以解释水温的复原过程.今后如果在不同深度同时进行高精度井水温度观测可以检验该模型.
Coseismic water level oscillation and correlated deep water temperature changes have been observed in a water well at Tangshan City by high sensitivity measurement. Amount of water temperature changes depend on ampli-tude of water level oscillation. Coseismic water temperatures always decrease as water level oscillates, drop of temperature ranges from 0.001 °C to 0.01 °C corresponding to amplitude of water level oscillation from several centimeters to about one meter. Temperatures usually recover one to several hours after the oscillation. We suggest that the temperature drop is produced by dispersive transfer of heat as the water oscillates, and follow-up thermal conduction makes temperature recovery. Our finite element calculations support quantitatively the idea. High ac-curacy measurements of water temperature at different depths in the future may test our interpretation.
Coseismic water level oscillation and correlated deep water temperature changes have been observed in a water well at Tangshan City by high sensitivity measurement. Amount of water temperature changes depend on ampli-tude of water level oscillation. Coseismic water temperatures always decrease as water level oscillates, drop of temperature ranges from 0.001 °C to 0.01 °C corresponding to amplitude of water level oscillation from several centimeters to about one meter. Temperatures usually recover one to several hours after the oscillation. We suggest that the temperature drop is produced by dispersive transfer of heat as the water oscillates, and follow-up thermal conduction makes temperature recovery. Our finite element calculations support quantitatively the idea. High ac-curacy measurements of water temperature at different depths in the future may test our interpretation.
引文
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车用太,刘喜兰,姚宝树,等.2003.首都圈地区井水温度的动态类型及其成因分析[J].地震地质,25(3):403-420.
谷元珠,车用太,鱼金子,等.2003.塔院井水温微动态研究[J].地震,23(1):102-108.
梁昆淼.1998.数学物理方程[M].3版.北京:高等教育出版社:529.
刘伟,胡久长,顾申宜,等.2000.海口ZK26井水温动态特征[J].华南地震,20(1):43-47.
陆明勇,黄辅琼,刘善华,等.2005a.地壳变形与地下水相互作用及其异常关系初探[J].地震,25(1):67-73.
陆明勇,牛安福,陈兵,等.2005b.地下水位短临异常演化特征及其与地震关系的研究[J].中国地震,21(2):269-279.
毛德培,王树明,胡智文,等.2002.大姚地热动态特征分析[J].地震研究,25(1):42-47.
倪龙,马最良.2005.热弥散对同井回灌地下水源热泵的影响[J].建筑热能通风空调,24(4):7-18.
王道.2002.昆仑山口西8.1级地震的远程地下水动力学效应[J].内陆地震,16(3):213-223.
杨竹转,邓志辉,赵云旭,等.2005.云南思茅大寨井水位同震阶变的初步研究[J].地震学报,27(5):569-574.
鱼金子,车用太,刘五洲.1997.井水温度微动态形成的水动力学机制研究[J].地震,17(4):389-396.
张子广,张素欣,郑云贞,等.2002.山西水2井和岳42井水位记震能力分析[J].西北地震学报,24(3):263-266.
张子广,万迪堃,董守玉.1998.水震波与地震面波的对比研究及其应用[J].地震,18(4):399-404.
中国地震局监测预报司.2005.2004年印度尼西亚苏门答腊8.7级大地震及其对中国大陆地区的影响[M].北京:地震出版社:418.
庄光国.1994.台湾海峡7.3级地震水震波特征研究[J].地震,19(2):199-203.
Chadha R K,Pandey A P,Kuempel HJ.2003.Searchfor earthquake precursors in well water levels in a localized seis-mically active area of reservoir triggered earthquakes in India[J].Geophys Res Lett,30(7):1416.
Cooper J H H,Bredehoeft J D,Papadopulous I S,et al.1965.The response of well-aquifer systems to seismic waves[J].J Geophys Res,70(16):3915-3926.
Igarashi G,Wakita H,Sato T.1992.Precursory and coseismic anomalies in well water levels observed for the February2,1992Tokyo Bay earthquake[J].Geophys Res Lett,19(15):1583-1586.
King C Y,Azuma S,Igarashi G,et al.1999.Earthquake-related water-level changes at16closely clustered wellsin To-no,central Japan[J].J Geophys Res,104(B6):13073-13082.
Pinson F,Gregoire O,Quintard M,et al.2007.Modeling of turbulent heat transfer and thermal dispersion for flows inflat plate heat exchangers[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer(in Press).
Wang C Y,Dreger D S,Wang C H,et al.2003.Field relations among coseismic ground motion,water level change andliquefaction for the1999Chi-Chi(MW=7.5)earthquake,Tai wan[J].Geophys Res Lett,30(17):1890.
Yechieli Y,Bein A.2002.Response of groundwater systems in the Dead Sea Rift Valley to the Nuweiba earthquake:Changes in head,water chemistry,and near-surface effects[J].J Geophys Res,107(B12):2332.
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