台湾海峡地形地质特征及其通道工程选线
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摘要
台湾海峡地处太平洋板块和欧亚板块碰撞带的前沿,地壳活动强烈,地震也时有发生。海峡主体属台西盆地,西界为滨海断裂带,与闽浙隆起相邻。海峡中部主要断裂,包括晋江凹陷东界主断层(F2)和九龙江凹陷东南界主断层(F3),可能在晚上新世,甚至第四纪仍有活动。海峡南北部地形明显不同,北部地形走向为NE向,总体呈槽隆相间的格局,最大水深约90m;南部相对平坦,地形走向NS-NNW,最大水深68~70m。从拟选通道线附近的地震剖面来看,A、B、C三线附近海底均有断层,其中A、B两线F2断层明显,至少切到上新统顶界,甚至可能切入第四系;C线断层切至上新统顶界部,但主断层F3似止于上新统中部,第四纪后不再活动。台湾海峡的地震活动,南部强于北部。结合地形、地质条件、地震特征及设想隧道选线看,北线可能优于中线和南线。但由于现有资料不足以确定海底地质灾害的分布特征,建议对海峡进一步开展以工程地质、地质灾害为目的的中比例尺调查,为通道工程的科学选线提供依据。
The tectonic activity is in quite strong intensity and the earthquake happens frequently in the Taiwan Strait,as it is located at the frontier of a collision zone between Eurasian plate and Pacific plate.The main part of the strait is in the Western Taiwan Basin, with Binhai fault to the west.The main faults in the strait,including F2,eastern boundary of Jinjiang Depression and F3,southeastern boundary of Jiulongjiang Depression,may have been active in the late Pliocene,even in Quaternary.The topography in the south part of the central strait is quite different from that in the north part.The landform in the north is characterized with furrow and uplifting,with strike of NNE and the biggest depth of about 90 m,while it is much flatter in the south,with strike of NS to NNW,and the biggest depth of 68~70 m.There are faults in all 3 lines of A,B and C,based on the seismic profile near to them.The main fault F2 in line A and line B reaches the top of Pliocene at least,may even touch Quaternary,while the main fault F3 in line C reaches the mid- Pliocene and becomes non-active in Quaternary,but with some small faults to the top of Pliocene.The earthquakes are more frequent in the south than in the north.Based on the data of topography,geology and activity of earthquake,the line A should be better than the others,but more data are needed to make further validation.It is suggested that mid-scale survey of engineering geology and geo-hazard should be carried out,in order to provide more detailed information for trans-strait passage.
The tectonic activity is in quite strong intensity and the earthquake happens frequently in the Taiwan Strait,as it is located at the frontier of a collision zone between Eurasian plate and Pacific plate.The main part of the strait is in the Western Taiwan Basin, with Binhai fault to the west.The main faults in the strait,including F2,eastern boundary of Jinjiang Depression and F3,southeastern boundary of Jiulongjiang Depression,may have been active in the late Pliocene,even in Quaternary.The topography in the south part of the central strait is quite different from that in the north part.The landform in the north is characterized with furrow and uplifting,with strike of NNE and the biggest depth of about 90 m,while it is much flatter in the south,with strike of NS to NNW,and the biggest depth of 68~70 m.There are faults in all 3 lines of A,B and C,based on the seismic profile near to them.The main fault F2 in line A and line B reaches the top of Pliocene at least,may even touch Quaternary,while the main fault F3 in line C reaches the mid- Pliocene and becomes non-active in Quaternary,but with some small faults to the top of Pliocene.The earthquakes are more frequent in the south than in the north.Based on the data of topography,geology and activity of earthquake,the line A should be better than the others,but more data are needed to make further validation.It is suggested that mid-scale survey of engineering geology and geo-hazard should be carried out,in order to provide more detailed information for trans-strait passage.
引文
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[2]张以诚,姜达权.倡言台湾海峡隧道第一人[N].中国矿业报,1999-04-02.Zhang Yicheng,Jiang Daquan.The first person who proposed to build the Taiwan Strait Tunnel[N].China Mining,1999-04-02.
[3]张以诚.台湾海峡隧道工程的提出、论证及今后工作建议[J].水文地质工程地质,2008(1):1-4.Zhang Yicheng.Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2008(1):1-4.
[4]杨肖琪,宋水隆,陈承惠.台湾海峡地质构造特征[J].台湾海峡,1996,15(2):128-136.Yang Xiaoqi,Song Shuilong,Chen Chenghui.Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,1996,15(2):128-136.
[5]李国华.台湾海峡构造地貌与地震活动特征研究[J].福建地质,1999,15(2):1-19.Li Guohua.Fujian Seismology,1999,15(2):1-19.
[6]许东禹,刘锡清,张训华,等.中国近海地质[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.Xu Dongyu,Liu Xiqing,Zhang Xunhua,et al.China offshore geology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1997.
[7]戚筱俊.台湾海峡地形、地质及地震概述[J].西部探矿工程,1999,11(4):4-6.Qi Xiaojun.West-China Exploration Engineering,1999,11(4):4-6.
[8]俞何兴,周颖蔚.台湾北部及西部陆架之地貌与地质特征[J].中国科学D辑,2001,31(6):486-495.Yu Hexing,Zhou Yingwei.Science in China,Ser D,2001,31(6):486-495.
[9]郑彦鹏,韩国忠,王勇,等.台湾岛及其邻域地层和构造特征[J].海洋科学进展,2003,21(3):272-280.Zheng Yanpeng,Han Guozhong,Wang Yong,et al.Advances in Marine Science,2003,21(3):272-280.
[10]李赶先.台湾海峡新生代断裂构造及其形成演化[J].热带海洋,1994,13(2):17-24.Li Ganxian.Tropic Oceanography,1994,13(2):17-24.
[11]陈园田,谢志平.台湾海峡两岸新生代地壳运动的对比[J].台湾海峡,1997,16(3):348-354.Chen Yuantian,Xie Zhiping.Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,1997,16(3):348-354.
[12]陈园田,王志鹏,叶建辉,等.台湾海峡及其两岸的地球动力学环境[J].地壳形变与地震,1999,19(2):38-45.Chen Yuantian,Wang Zhipeng,Ye Jianhui,et al.Crustal Deformation and Earthquake,1999,19(2):38-45.
[13]王国纯.台西盆地构造单元划分探讨[J].中国海上油气(地质),1997,11(2):80-86.Wang Guochun.China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology),1997,11(2):80-86.
[14]马宗晋,王乾盈,徐杰,等.台湾海峡两岸横向构造的对比研究[J].中国科学D辑,2002,32(6):441-451.Ma Zongjin,Wang QianYing,Xu Jie,et al.Science in China,Ser D,2002,32(6):441-451.
[15]赵明辉,丘学林,夏戡原,等.南海东北部滨海断裂带的研究现状与展望[J].华南地震,2003,23(1):20-27.Zhao Minghui,Qiu Xuelin,Xia Kanyuan,et al.South China Journal of Seismology,2003,23(1):20-27.
[16]黄昭,王善雄.台湾海峡滨海断裂带的构造特征与活动性[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2006,26(3):16-22.Huang Zhao,Wang Shanxiong.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2006,26(3):16-22.
[17]詹文欢,孙宗勋,唐诚,等.华南滨海断裂带及其对台湾海峡地震活动的控制作用[J].热带海洋学报,2004,23(4):19-24.Zhan Wenhuan,Sun Zongxun,Tang Cheng,et al.Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2004,23(4):19-24.
[18]彭牟南,叶银灿,施斌,等.台湾海峡隧道地质与地震条件分析[J].高校地质学报,2001,7(2):175-188.Peng Munan,Ye Yincan,Shi Bin,et al.Geological Journal of China Universities,2001,7(2):175-188.
[19]陈园田,谢志平.台湾海峡的活动断裂与地震活动[J].华南地震,1996,16(1):57-62.Chen Yuantian,Xie Zhiping.South China Journal of Seismology,1996,16(1):57-62.
[20]何昭星.台湾海峡的地震活动[J].台湾海峡,1985,4(1):61-67.He Zhaoxing.Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,1985,4(1):61-67.
[21]谢志平,陈园田.台湾海峡地震与地质构造、地壳运动的关系[J].台湾海峡,1995,14(4):338-347.Xie Zhiping,Chen Yuantian.Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,1995,14(4):338-347.
[22]柳新华,刘良忠,侯鲜明.国内外跨海通道发展百年回顾与前瞻[J].科技导报,2006,24(11):78-89.Liu Xinhua,Liu Liangzhong,Hou Xianming.Science and Technology Review,2006,24(11):78-89.
[23]杨艳,陈宝春.世界跨海工程概况与台湾海峡通道可能性[J].福建建筑,2007(8):26-28.Yang Yan,Chen Baochun.Fujian Architecture&Construction,2007(8):26-28.
[24]鲍才旺.南海地质地球物理图集——地形图(1:2000000)[M].广州:广东省地图出版社,1987.Bao Caiwang.Atals of geology and geophysics of south China sea:Map of topography[M].Guangzhou:Map Publishing House of Guangdong Province,1987.
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