汶川地震前后四川中坝气田的气井井口压力异常变化
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摘要
分析了龙门山断裂带附近的四川中坝气田气井井口压力数据,发现汶川地震前,多口气井出现井口压力异常升降的变化.开采层深3 100 m的7口雷三储气层的气井压力,在4月8日—5月5日井压同步出现了大于35%—130%的上升;开采层深2 400 m的24口须二储气层的气井中,多数井压在震前出现缓慢下降的异常变化,幅度最大为45%,少数在震前出现上升.特别是52和63号井在5月5日前后,分别出现了井压上升24%和15%的异常变化.发震前数天,两个储气层的井压基本上都恢复到正常背景值附近.震后各气井的压力变化不完全一致,但多数在突升7—8日后恢复.结合地震前兆的扩容理论和临震阶段油气运移的气体动力学过程,对两个不同层深储气层在临震阶段井口压力异常变化的可能物理机制进行了初步分析.
The gas well pressure data of Zhongba gas field in the vicinity of Longmenshan fault zone were analyzed in this paper and significant changes were found in most oil wells before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.The well pressures of 7 deep wells at Lei-3 gas storage layer with mining depth of 3100 m simultaneously rose with rates greater than 35%—130% from April 8 to May 5 and recovered from May 6 to the occurrence of earthquake.At the same time,the pressures of most of 24 gas wells at Xu-2 gas storage layer with mining depth of 2400 m decreased slowly with the maximum rate of 45%.The pressures of a few wells rose before the earthquake,especially No.52 and No.63 wells showed 24% and 15% well pressure increase around May 5.Several days before the earthquake,the well pressures at the two gas storage layers basically returned to normal state.After the earthquake,changes of well pressure varied,but most of them recovered after increasing for 7—8 days.The physical mechanism of abnormal change of wellhead pressures at the two gas storage layers with different mining depths before the earthquake is also discussed.Based on the dilatancy theory of earthquake precursors and gas dynamic process of hydrocarbon migration during the development of earthquake,this paper gave a possible explanation of the physical mechanism of abnormal well pressure changes.
The gas well pressure data of Zhongba gas field in the vicinity of Longmenshan fault zone were analyzed in this paper and significant changes were found in most oil wells before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.The well pressures of 7 deep wells at Lei-3 gas storage layer with mining depth of 3100 m simultaneously rose with rates greater than 35%—130% from April 8 to May 5 and recovered from May 6 to the occurrence of earthquake.At the same time,the pressures of most of 24 gas wells at Xu-2 gas storage layer with mining depth of 2400 m decreased slowly with the maximum rate of 45%.The pressures of a few wells rose before the earthquake,especially No.52 and No.63 wells showed 24% and 15% well pressure increase around May 5.Several days before the earthquake,the well pressures at the two gas storage layers basically returned to normal state.After the earthquake,changes of well pressure varied,but most of them recovered after increasing for 7—8 days.The physical mechanism of abnormal change of wellhead pressures at the two gas storage layers with different mining depths before the earthquake is also discussed.Based on the dilatancy theory of earthquake precursors and gas dynamic process of hydrocarbon migration during the development of earthquake,this paper gave a possible explanation of the physical mechanism of abnormal well pressure changes.
引文
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张德元,赵根模.1985.大地震前后油井压力异常机制和前兆意义[J].地震研究,8(5):559--564.
张继铭,黄鉴平.1984.四川盆地碳酸盐岩油气田[J].天然气勘探与开发,(4).
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周斌.2005.胜利油田油井动态异常与地震的关系研究[J].高原地震,17(1):25--31.
朱光有,张水昌,梁英波,马永生,戴金星,李剑,周国源.2006.四川盆地天然气特征及气源[J].地学前缘,13(2):234--248.
Nur A.1972.Dilatancy,pore fluids,and premonitory variations oftS/tPtravel times[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,62(5):1217--1222.
Scholz C H,Sykes L R,Aggrawal Y R.1973.Earthquake prediction:A physical basis[J].Science,181(4102):803--810.
Whitcomb J H,Garmany J D,Anderson D L.1973.Earthquake prediction:variation of seismic velocities before the SanFrancisco earthquake[J].Science,180(4086):632--635.
曹俊兴,刘树根,何晓燕,赵亮.2009.龙门山地震对川西天然气聚集的影响[J].天然气工业,29(2):6--11.
范菊芬.2009.川西坳陷雷口坡组气藏勘探远景区预测[J].石油物探,48(4):417--424.
高小其,许秋龙,李新勇,李艳萍,王道,崔勇,迪里夏提,蓝陵.2001.对新疆魏家沟05油气井在地震前后井喷的分析[J].华南地震,21(9):48--52.
李大伟.2003.试论天然地震与油气成藏和开发的关系[J].新疆石油地质,24(1):19--23.
兰大樵,张豫,戴鸿鸣.2005.川西北地区上三叠统油气勘探方向[J].天然气工业,25(11):4--6.
刘元生,王六桥.1985.油井动态与地震关系研究进展[J].华北地震科学,3(增刊):1--6.
刘元生,王六桥,张德元.1985.强震前油井动态异常特征的初步分析[J].华北地震科学,3(增刊):46--52.
刘元生,林志芳,王六桥.1987.全国油井动态震例资料汇编[J].地震研究,10(增刊):51--121.
刘元生,张昭东,朱建亚,王尤培,韩海华.2000.地震前油井动态变化机理的初步探讨[J].西北地震学报,22(3):321--324.
刘元生,张昭栋,何钧,吴建国.2004.油井动态与地震关系研究的新进展[J].华北地震科学,22(4):1--7.
庞宏磊,李德敏,孟祥豪.2007.川西坳陷鸭子河构造上三叠统须二段储层评价[J].物探化探计算技术,29(4):322--326.
屈德纯.2004.中坝气田雷三气藏开发跟踪分析研究[J].天然气勘探与开发,27(1):30--32.
王廷栋,郑永坚,李绍基.1989.从油气地化特征探讨川西北中坝雷三气藏的气源[J].天然气工业,9(5):20--26.
吴景云,韩秀兰,张俊山.1991.油井动态显示地震前兆异常的物理基础[J].地震学刊,11(3):36--43.
吴起林,刘安建.1983.海城、唐山两大地震前后油井生产动态的变化[J].地震学报,5(4):461--466.
杨宇,杨正文.1996.中坝气田须二气藏开发效果分析[J].天然气工业,16(4):32--35.
杨占宝,周斌,张英凯,吴春华.2000.桩古25井映震效能分析[J].西北地震学报,22(3):258--260.
尹志清,杨占宝,张昭栋,尤少燕.2000.地震前油井动态变化特征研究[J].西北地震学报,22(3):325--328.
张德元,赵根模.1985.大地震前后油井压力异常机制和前兆意义[J].地震研究,8(5):559--564.
张继铭,黄鉴平.1984.四川盆地碳酸盐岩油气田[J].天然气勘探与开发,(4).
中国地震局监测预报司.2009.汶川8.0级地震科学研究报告[M].北京:地震出版社:194--206.
周斌.2005.胜利油田油井动态异常与地震的关系研究[J].高原地震,17(1):25--31.
朱光有,张水昌,梁英波,马永生,戴金星,李剑,周国源.2006.四川盆地天然气特征及气源[J].地学前缘,13(2):234--248.
Nur A.1972.Dilatancy,pore fluids,and premonitory variations oftS/tPtravel times[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,62(5):1217--1222.
Scholz C H,Sykes L R,Aggrawal Y R.1973.Earthquake prediction:A physical basis[J].Science,181(4102):803--810.
Whitcomb J H,Garmany J D,Anderson D L.1973.Earthquake prediction:variation of seismic velocities before the SanFrancisco earthquake[J].Science,180(4086):632--635.
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