胶州湾基岩类型与分布特征研究
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摘要
基于钻孔岩心、浅层地震剖面和海洋磁力等资料,研究了胶州湾内海底基岩的类型、分布、埋深和工程力学性质等特征。结果表明,胶州湾基岩类型与相邻陆域基本一致,主要包括中生界莱阳群粗粒碎屑岩、青山群火山岩、王氏群细粒碎屑岩以及燕山晚期花岗岩类。各种类型基岩的分布大致是周边陆域基岩向海域的延伸,其中莱阳群分布在湾中西部;青山群分布较为分散,包括红岛以南、大沽河口外以及团岛和薛家岛之间的湾口地区;王氏群主要分布在湾北部和西部;花岗岩类分布在青岛-黄岛渡口一带和黄岛前湾。大部分区域基岩埋深在30m以上,总体呈现东深西浅、南深北浅的格局。湾内基岩埋深变化特征表现出与陆地基岩的延续性,是构造和岩性等因素共同作用的结果,并影响了现今的湾底地貌形态。基岩的岩性和风化程度是决定其物理力学性质的主要因素。
The types, distributions, buried depths and physical mechanical properties of bed rocks in the Jiaozhou Bay were studied based on the boreholes, shallow seismic profiles and marine magnetic data collected in recent years. The results have revealed that the bed-rock types in the Jiaozhou Bay are basically similar to those in the adjacent land areas and consist chiefly of Mesozoic rocks including the coarse-grained clastic rocks of Laiyang group, the volcanic rocks of Qingshan group, the fine-grained clastic rocks of Wangshi group and the granitic rocks of late Yanshan period. The distributions of all these bed rocks show basically the seaward extensions of the bed rocks occurring in the surrounding land areas, among which the Laiyang group is mainly distributed in the central and western parts of the bay; the Qingshan group is more scattered and occurs mainly on the south of Hongdao, in the outer estuary of the Dagu River and in the bay-mouth area between Tuandao and Xuejiadao; the Wangshi group is mainly distributed in the northern and western parts of the bay; and the granitic rocks occurs mainly in the Qingdao-Huangdao ferrying area and in the bay front of Huangdao. The buried depths of the bed rocks are greater than 30 m in the most parts of the bay and tend to increase from the west to the east and from the north to the south. Such a changing pattern shows distinctly a continuously seaward extension of land bed rocks, which is considered to be mainly constrained by the factors such as tectonics and lithology of the bed rocks and has exerted influence to the present seabed geomorphic forms of the bay. The lithology and the weathering degree of the bed rocks are the main factors to determine their physical mechanical properties.
The types, distributions, buried depths and physical mechanical properties of bed rocks in the Jiaozhou Bay were studied based on the boreholes, shallow seismic profiles and marine magnetic data collected in recent years. The results have revealed that the bed-rock types in the Jiaozhou Bay are basically similar to those in the adjacent land areas and consist chiefly of Mesozoic rocks including the coarse-grained clastic rocks of Laiyang group, the volcanic rocks of Qingshan group, the fine-grained clastic rocks of Wangshi group and the granitic rocks of late Yanshan period. The distributions of all these bed rocks show basically the seaward extensions of the bed rocks occurring in the surrounding land areas, among which the Laiyang group is mainly distributed in the central and western parts of the bay; the Qingshan group is more scattered and occurs mainly on the south of Hongdao, in the outer estuary of the Dagu River and in the bay-mouth area between Tuandao and Xuejiadao; the Wangshi group is mainly distributed in the northern and western parts of the bay; and the granitic rocks occurs mainly in the Qingdao-Huangdao ferrying area and in the bay front of Huangdao. The buried depths of the bed rocks are greater than 30 m in the most parts of the bay and tend to increase from the west to the east and from the north to the south. Such a changing pattern shows distinctly a continuously seaward extension of land bed rocks, which is considered to be mainly constrained by the factors such as tectonics and lithology of the bed rocks and has exerted influence to the present seabed geomorphic forms of the bay. The lithology and the weathering degree of the bed rocks are the main factors to determine their physical mechanical properties.
引文
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[14]LUAN G Z,ZHANG HP.Plane geometery and modern activity of the Qingdao Cangkou-Wenquan fault[J].Seismology and Geology,2001,23(1):63-68.栾光忠,张海平.青岛沧口-温泉断裂的空间展布及现代活动性研究[J].地震地质,2001,23(1):63-68.
[15]LUAN GZ,L MJ,FAN DJ,et al.The NNWdirectionfaultsin Qingdao area andtheirgeological significance[J].Transactions of O-ceanology and Li mnology,1998,(4):10-14.栾光忠,吕明进,范德江,等.青岛地区北北西向断裂及其地质意义[J].海洋湖沼通报,1998,(4):10-14.
[16]LUAN G Z,REN L C,DUANB C.Activity of NEand NWfaultsin Qingdao area andits neighbourhood[J].Journal of Ocean Univer-sity of Qingdao:Natural Sciences Version,1999,29(4):727-732.栾光忠,任鲁川,段本春.青岛及其邻区NE、NW向断裂的活动性研究[J].青岛海洋大学学报:自然科学版,1999,29(4):727-732.
[2]JI A Y G,TAN C W,LI U HJ,et al.City engineering geology of Qingdao[M].Qingdao:Qingdao Ocean University Press,1995.贾永刚,谭长伟,刘红军,等.青岛城市工程地质[M].青岛:青岛海洋大学出版社,1995.
[3]CAI L B,QI F Q.Study ontheinheritance of the seabedtopography and geomprphology of Jiaozhou Bay[J].Coastal Engineering,1993,12(2):22-30.蔡龙宝,亓发庆.胶州湾海底地形地貌继承性的研究[J].海岸工程,1993,12(2):22-30.
[4]ZHAO K H.Evolution and formation causes of Jiaozhou Bay[J].Journal of Oceanography of Huanghai&Bohai Seas,1998,16(1):15-20.赵奎寰.胶州湾的成因及演变[J].黄渤海海洋,1998,16(1):15-20.
[5]ZHAO QJ,LI U F S.The analysis on the cores in northeastern areas of Giochou Bay[J].Marine Sciences,1998,(2):68-70.赵全基,刘福寿.胶州湾东北侧岩芯分析[J].海洋科学,1998,(2):68-70.
[6]LUAN G Z,LI U HJ,FAN DJ.The geological feature and origion of the Jiaozhou Bayin Qingdao[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Li mnology,1998,(3):18-23.栾光忠,刘红军,范德江.青岛胶州湾地质特征及其成因[J].海洋湖沼通报,1998,(3):18-23.
[7]ZHOU R G.Family classification of granites units and its major characteristics in Xiaozhushan of Qingdao city[J].Shandong Geology,2001,17(6):32-38.周汝国.青岛小珠山花岗岩岩石谱系单位划分及其主要特征[J].山东地质,2001,17(6):32-38.
[8]LI J Z,WAN Z J.Lithodemic division and generation of composite batholith of the Laoshan granites[J].Shandong Geology,1994,10(2):1-12.厉建忠,万中杰.崂山花岗岩复式岩基的岩石谱系单位划分及成因演化[J].山东地质,1994,10(2):1-12.
[9]Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Shandong Province.Regional geology of Shandong Province[M].Beijing:Geological Press,1982.山东省地质矿产局.山东省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1982.
[10]Shandong Province NO.4Institute of Geological and Minera Survey.Regional geology of Shandong Province[M].Ji’nan:Map Press of Shandong Province,2003.山东省第四地质矿产勘察院.山东省区域地质[M].济南:山东省地图出版社,2003.
[11]Shandong Province NO.4Institute of Geological and Minera Survey.Pre-Neogenic base rock map of Shandong Province(1∶500000)[M].Ji’nan:Map Press of Shandong Province,2003.山东省第四地质矿产勘查院.山东省前晚第三纪基岩地质图(1∶50万)[M].济南:山东省地图出版社,2003.
[12]LI ANG R C,WANG K Y,ZHENG Y P,et al.Magnetic field characteristics in the Jiaozhou Bay and their engineering geology signifi-canc[J].Advance in Marine Science,2004,22(3):306-312.梁瑞才,王揆洋,郑彦鹏,等.胶州湾地磁场特征及其工程地质意义[J].海洋科学进展,2004,22(3):306-312.
[13]WUS Y,WANG W H,CAI L B.Quaternary stratigraphic subdivision of Jiaozhou Bay[J].Acta Oceanologia Sinica,1995,17(4):78-85.吴桑云,王文海,蔡龙宝.胶州湾的第四系划分[J].海洋学报,1995,17(4):78-85.
[14]LUAN G Z,ZHANG HP.Plane geometery and modern activity of the Qingdao Cangkou-Wenquan fault[J].Seismology and Geology,2001,23(1):63-68.栾光忠,张海平.青岛沧口-温泉断裂的空间展布及现代活动性研究[J].地震地质,2001,23(1):63-68.
[15]LUAN GZ,L MJ,FAN DJ,et al.The NNWdirectionfaultsin Qingdao area andtheirgeological significance[J].Transactions of O-ceanology and Li mnology,1998,(4):10-14.栾光忠,吕明进,范德江,等.青岛地区北北西向断裂及其地质意义[J].海洋湖沼通报,1998,(4):10-14.
[16]LUAN G Z,REN L C,DUANB C.Activity of NEand NWfaultsin Qingdao area andits neighbourhood[J].Journal of Ocean Univer-sity of Qingdao:Natural Sciences Version,1999,29(4):727-732.栾光忠,任鲁川,段本春.青岛及其邻区NE、NW向断裂的活动性研究[J].青岛海洋大学学报:自然科学版,1999,29(4):727-732.
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