组合爆破法TSP超前地质预报研究
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摘要
为同时提高TSP隧道地震波超前地质预报距离和精度,采用组合爆破法改进了原TSP超前地质预报信号触发方式,提出了激发孔中心距经验公式.选用延时误差为几微秒或零点几微秒的瞬发雷管,引进延时测量仪测量雷管起爆延时,可有效减少地震波信号走时误差,提高预报准确度.采用组合爆破法可同时获得高能量与高频率的地震波信号,使超前地质预报在距离和精度两方面均得到了提高.该方法在宜万铁路云雾山隧道、沪蓉西高速齐岳山隧道和龙潭隧道得到了成功应用.
In order to simultaneously get long distance and better precision of tunnel seismic prediction(TSP),the combined blasting method was adopted to ameliorate trigger modes of seismic signals in the TSP advanced geological preeiction.The empirical formula of the center distance between the trigger boreholes was brought forward.In addition,when the time delay errors of instantaneous detonators were controlled under several micro-seconds or even several tenths of one micro second,and the measuring instrument was introduced to measure the time delay error,the errors of seismic travel time information and geological predictions could be reduced.By means of the combined blasting method,seismic waves with the characteristic of both high energy and high frequency,as well as long distance and better precision of predictions could be obtained at the same time.This method was successfully applied at the Yunwushan tunnel of the Yiwan Railway,and the Qiyueshan Tunnel and the Longtan tunnel of the Hu-Rongxi Expressway.
In order to simultaneously get long distance and better precision of tunnel seismic prediction(TSP),the combined blasting method was adopted to ameliorate trigger modes of seismic signals in the TSP advanced geological preeiction.The empirical formula of the center distance between the trigger boreholes was brought forward.In addition,when the time delay errors of instantaneous detonators were controlled under several micro-seconds or even several tenths of one micro second,and the measuring instrument was introduced to measure the time delay error,the errors of seismic travel time information and geological predictions could be reduced.By means of the combined blasting method,seismic waves with the characteristic of both high energy and high frequency,as well as long distance and better precision of predictions could be obtained at the same time.This method was successfully applied at the Yunwushan tunnel of the Yiwan Railway,and the Qiyueshan Tunnel and the Longtan tunnel of the Hu-Rongxi Expressway.
引文
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[9]宗琦.岩石内爆炸应力波破裂区半径的计算[J].爆破,1994(2):15-17.ZONG Qi.Calculation of radii of the broken areas in rock byexplosion[J].Blasting,1994(2):15-17.
[10]戴俊.柱状装药爆破的岩石压碎圈与裂隙圈计算[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报:自然科学版,2001,20(2):144-147.DAI Jun.Calculation of radii of the broken and cracked areasin rock by a long charge explosion[J].Journal of LiaoningTechnical University:Natural Science,2001,20(2):144-147.
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[13]汪旭光,沈立晋.工业雷管技术的现状和发展[J].工程爆破,2003,9(3):52-57.WANG Xuguang,SHEN Lijin.The state-of-the-arts of indus-trial detonators[J].Engineering Blasting,2003,9(3):52-57.
[14]刘云祯.TGP隧道地震波预报系统与技术[J].物探与化探,2009,33(2):170-177.LIU Yunzhen.TGP tunnel seismic wave forecast system andits technology[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2009,33(2):170-177.
[15]李夕兵,凌同华.单段与多段微差爆破地震的反应谱特征分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(14):2409-2410.LI Xibing,LING Tonghua.Response spectrum analysis ofground vibration induced by single deck and multi-deck blast-ing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(14):2409-2410.
[16]许振浩,李术才,张庆松,等.TSP超前地质预报地震波反射特性研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2008,4(4):640-644.XU Zhenhao,LI Shucai,ZHANG Qingsong,et al.Reflectioncharacteristic of seismic wave in TSP advance geological pre-diction[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engi-neering,2008,4(4):640-644.
[17]Andisheh Alimoradi,Ali Moradzadeh,Reza Naderi,et al.Prediction of geological hazardous zones in front of a tunnelface using TSP-203 and artificial neural networks[J].TunnelUnderg Space Technol,2008,doi:10.1016/j.tust.2008.01.001.
[18]张庆松,李术才,孙克国,等.公路隧道超前地质预报应用现状与技术分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2008,4(4):766-771.ZHANG Qingsong,LI Shucai,SUN Keguo,et al.Analysisand present state of advance geological forecast technology ofhighway tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Spaceand Engineering,2008,4(4):766-771.
[2]何刚,沙椿,丁陈奉,等.TSP-203系统数据采集的改进方案[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(4):1332-1337.HE Gang,SHA Chun,DING Chenfeng,et al.Investigation ondata acquisition application of TSP-203system[J].Progress inGeophysics,2006,21(4):1332-1337.
[3]刘志刚.概论岩溶或地质复杂隧道隧洞地质灾害超前预报技术[J].铁道建筑技术,2003(2):1-5.LIU Zhigang.On advance geological forecast of tunnels on karstor varied geological conditions[J].Railway Construction Tech-nology,2003(2):1-5.
[4]李术才,李树忱,张庆松,等.岩溶裂隙水与不良地质情况超前预报研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(2):217-225.Ll Shucai,Ll Shuchen,ZHANG Qingsong,et al.Forecast ofkarst-fractured groundwater and defective geological conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(2):217-225.
[5]宗琦.岩石爆炸的扩腔作用及能量消耗[J].煤炭学报,1997,22(4):392-396.ZONG Qi.Function of cavity expansion and energy consump-tion in rock blasting[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1997,22(4):392-396.
[6]宋玉龙,吕公河,王新红,等.垂向叠加震源冲击波激发地震波的能量分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(4):371-374.SONG Yulong,LU¨Gonghe,WANG Xinhong,et al.Analysis ofseismic energy produced by shock wave of vertical stack source[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2004,39(4):371-374.
[7]王文龙.钻眼爆破[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1984.WANG Wenlong.Rock drilling blasting[M].Beijing:ChinaCoal Industry Publishing House,1984.
[8]张奇.岩石爆破的粉碎区及其空腔膨胀[J].爆炸与冲击,1990,10(1):68-75.ZHANG Qi.Small districts and expanding of cavities in rockblasting[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,1990,10(1):68-75.
[9]宗琦.岩石内爆炸应力波破裂区半径的计算[J].爆破,1994(2):15-17.ZONG Qi.Calculation of radii of the broken areas in rock byexplosion[J].Blasting,1994(2):15-17.
[10]戴俊.柱状装药爆破的岩石压碎圈与裂隙圈计算[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报:自然科学版,2001,20(2):144-147.DAI Jun.Calculation of radii of the broken and cracked areasin rock by a long charge explosion[J].Journal of LiaoningTechnical University:Natural Science,2001,20(2):144-147.
[11]A.H.哈卢卡耶夫.矿岩爆破的物理过程[M].刘殿中,译.北京:冶金工业出版社,1980.XAHYKAEB A H.Physical process of blasting in rock[M].LIU Dianzhong,Trans.Beijing:China Metallurgical IndustryPress,1980.
[12]高游,林君,于生宝,等.一种勘探瞬发电雷管起爆延时的高精度测试方法[J].爆破器材,2006,33(3):1-4.GAO You,LIN Jun,YU Shengbao,et al.A precise measur-ing method applicable to blasting delay time for instantaneousdetonator using in seismo-technique[J].Explosive Materials,2006,33(3):1-4.
[13]汪旭光,沈立晋.工业雷管技术的现状和发展[J].工程爆破,2003,9(3):52-57.WANG Xuguang,SHEN Lijin.The state-of-the-arts of indus-trial detonators[J].Engineering Blasting,2003,9(3):52-57.
[14]刘云祯.TGP隧道地震波预报系统与技术[J].物探与化探,2009,33(2):170-177.LIU Yunzhen.TGP tunnel seismic wave forecast system andits technology[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2009,33(2):170-177.
[15]李夕兵,凌同华.单段与多段微差爆破地震的反应谱特征分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(14):2409-2410.LI Xibing,LING Tonghua.Response spectrum analysis ofground vibration induced by single deck and multi-deck blast-ing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(14):2409-2410.
[16]许振浩,李术才,张庆松,等.TSP超前地质预报地震波反射特性研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2008,4(4):640-644.XU Zhenhao,LI Shucai,ZHANG Qingsong,et al.Reflectioncharacteristic of seismic wave in TSP advance geological pre-diction[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engi-neering,2008,4(4):640-644.
[17]Andisheh Alimoradi,Ali Moradzadeh,Reza Naderi,et al.Prediction of geological hazardous zones in front of a tunnelface using TSP-203 and artificial neural networks[J].TunnelUnderg Space Technol,2008,doi:10.1016/j.tust.2008.01.001.
[18]张庆松,李术才,孙克国,等.公路隧道超前地质预报应用现状与技术分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2008,4(4):766-771.ZHANG Qingsong,LI Shucai,SUN Keguo,et al.Analysisand present state of advance geological forecast technology ofhighway tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Spaceand Engineering,2008,4(4):766-771.
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