基于小波分频叠前相干噪声压制方法
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摘要
基于小波分析的去噪方法在地震资料叠前处理中得到了广泛应用.本文主要介绍利用小渡变换的分频特性来压制相干噪声.通过小波分频技术将叠前地震信号分解为不同频带,然后利用有效波和相干干扰波的频谱差异来区分有效信号和噪声,最后利用加权方法去掉不需要的噪声信息来达到去除相干噪声的目的.实际资料的处理结果表明:基于小波分频方法能很好地压制相干噪声,从而提高地震资料信噪比和分辨率.
As a new mathematical method,wavelet transform have more advantages in seismic noise elimination.In this paper,we introduced the frequency-division characteristics of wavelet transform and used it for coherent noise elimination.First,forming scale function and wavelet function to obtain corresponding frequency response,and then telling effective signals from noises according to their spectrum difference,and last zeroing noise and acquiring signals by adopting wavelet reconstruction algorithm.The method provided is proved to be effective in improving the signal to noise ratio and enhancing the resolution of seismic data by practical seismic data processing.
As a new mathematical method,wavelet transform have more advantages in seismic noise elimination.In this paper,we introduced the frequency-division characteristics of wavelet transform and used it for coherent noise elimination.First,forming scale function and wavelet function to obtain corresponding frequency response,and then telling effective signals from noises according to their spectrum difference,and last zeroing noise and acquiring signals by adopting wavelet reconstruction algorithm.The method provided is proved to be effective in improving the signal to noise ratio and enhancing the resolution of seismic data by practical seismic data processing.
引文
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[13] 徐维秀 岳继光 段卫星.一种改进的多次小波变换地震信号去噪方法[J].油气地球物理,2007,5(2) :11-14． Xu W X,Yue J G,Duan W X.An improved method of seismic signal denoising on multi-wavelet transform[J].Petroleum Geophysics,2007,5(2) :11-14．
[14] 高静怀,万涛,陈文超,等.三参数小波及其在地震资料分析中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6) :1802-1812． Gao J H,Wan T,Chen W C,et al.Three parameter wavelet and its applications to seismic data processing[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(6) :1802-1812．
[2] 许胜利,林正良,费永涛,等.地震叠前线性干扰自动识别和压制技术[J].油气地质与采收率,2005,12(2) :35-37．Xu S L,Lin Z L,Fei Y T,et al.New technology of automatic identification and suppression of linear disturbance on seismic prestack[J].Petroleum Geology & Recovery Efficiency,2005,12(2) :35-37．
[3] 张军华,吕宁,田连玉,等.地震资料去噪方法、技术综合评述[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4) :1083-1091． Zhang J H,LN,Tian L Y,et al. An overview of the methods and techniques for seismic data noise attenuation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4) :1083-1091．
[4] 胡天跃.地震资料叠前去噪技术的现状与未来[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(2) :218-223． Hu T Y.The current situation and future of seismic data prestack noise attenuation techniques[J].Progress in Geophysics,2002,17(2) :218-223．
[5] Olivier Rioul,Pierre Duhamel.Fast algorithms for discrete and continuous wavelet transforms.IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,1992:38(2) :569-586．
[6] 吴招才,刘天佑.地震数据去噪中的小波方法[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :493-499． Wu Z C,Liu T Y.Wavelet transform methods in seismic data noise attenuation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23 (2) :493-499．
[7] 李春峰,Christopher Liner.基于小波多尺度分析的奇性指数:一种新地震属性[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4) :882-888． Li C F,Christopher Liner.Singularity exponent from waveletbased multi scale analysis:A new seismic attribute[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(4) :882-888．
[8] 柳建新,韩世礼,马捷.小波分析在地震资料去噪中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2) :541-545． Liu J X,Han S L,Ma J.Application of wavelet analysis in seismic data denoising[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(2) :541-545．
[9] 裴正林.小波理论及其在地震数据处理中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(3) :486-490．Pei Z L.Wavelet theory and its application in seismic data processing[J].Progress in Geophysics,2002,17(3) :486-490．
[10] 夏洪瑞,朱勇,周开明.小波变换及其在去噪中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(3) :274-285．
Xia H R,Zhu Y,Zhou KMWavelet transform and its application to noise elimination[J].OGP,1994,29(3) :274-285．
[11] 罗国安,杜世通.小波变换及信号重建在压制面波中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(3) :337-349． Luo G A,Du S T.Application of wavelet transform and signal reconstruction in surface wave elimination[J].OGP,1996,31(3) :337-349．
[12] 陈遵德.小波变换压噪[J].煤田地质与勘探,1994,22(5) :53-58． Chen Z D.Rejecting noise with wavelet transform[J].Coal Geology & Exploration,1994,22(5) :53-58．
[13] 徐维秀 岳继光 段卫星.一种改进的多次小波变换地震信号去噪方法[J].油气地球物理,2007,5(2) :11-14． Xu W X,Yue J G,Duan W X.An improved method of seismic signal denoising on multi-wavelet transform[J].Petroleum Geophysics,2007,5(2) :11-14．
[14] 高静怀,万涛,陈文超,等.三参数小波及其在地震资料分析中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6) :1802-1812． Gao J H,Wan T,Chen W C,et al.Three parameter wavelet and its applications to seismic data processing[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(6) :1802-1812．
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