2008年汶川M_S8.0地震与青岛台地电阻率异常变化的关系
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摘要
分析了2008年5月12日汶川MS8.0地震前山东省青岛地震台地电阻率和地下水位的异常变化。对比发现,地电阻率与地下水的异常起始时间一致,其中,地下水位下降,地电阻率上升,推测产生异常的原因是,该观测区位于断裂破碎带附近,构造变形引起地下水或含水度变化的响应敏感,进而引起地电阻率的变化。此外,文中对地震前应力场的变化与电阻率的变化之间的关系也进行了探讨。
Near-surface earth resistivity and underground water level anomalies were recorded at Qingdao seismic observatory of Shandon Province before and after the MS 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake of May 12,2008.The observation data of the earth resistivity at the observatory revealed that the underground water level dropped and the resistivity increased.It is postulated that in the special tectonic setting as Qingdao observatory,the variation of stress and strain resulted in the change of water level beneath the station,leading to the variation of resistivity.The relationship between the variation of stress field and the change of earth resistivity before earthquake is analysed.
Near-surface earth resistivity and underground water level anomalies were recorded at Qingdao seismic observatory of Shandon Province before and after the MS 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake of May 12,2008.The observation data of the earth resistivity at the observatory revealed that the underground water level dropped and the resistivity increased.It is postulated that in the special tectonic setting as Qingdao observatory,the variation of stress and strain resulted in the change of water level beneath the station,leading to the variation of resistivity.The relationship between the variation of stress field and the change of earth resistivity before earthquake is analysed.
引文
车用太,鱼金子.1997.地下流体的源兆、场兆、远兆及其在地震预报中的意义[J].地震,17(3):283—289.CHE Yong-tai,YU Jin-zi.1997.The focal precursors,field precursors and remote precursors of ground fluid before strong earthquakes and their significance in the earthquake prediction[J].Earthquake,17(3):283—289(in Chinese).
车用太,谷元珠,鱼金子,等.2002.昆仑山口西MS8.1地震前地下流体的远场异常及其意义[J].地震,22(4):106—113.CHE Yong-tai,GU Yuan-zhu,YU Jin-zi,et al.2002.Remote anomalies of subsurface fluid before the MS8.1earthquake in west of Kunlun Mountain pass and their significance[J].Earthquake,22(4):106—113(in Chinese).
杜学彬,任广军,薛顺章.1999.中国大陆多种前兆异常研究及强震的尝试性预测[J].西北地震学报,21(2):113—122.DU Xue-bin,REN Guang-jun,XUE Shun-zhang.1999.Study on many kinds of precursory anomalies and trial prediction of strong earthquake in the continent of China[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,21(2):113—122(in Chi-nese).
杜学彬,薛顺章,郝臻,等.2000.地电阻率中短期异常与地震的关系[J].地震学报,22(4):368—376.DU Xue-bin,XUE Shun-zhang,HAO Zhen,et al.2000.On the relation of moderate-and short-term anomaly of earth re-sistivity to earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,22(4):368—376(in Chinese).
钱家栋.1993.与大震孕育过程有关的地电阻率变化研究[J].中国地震,9(4):341—350.QIAN Jia-dong.1993.A study on the changes in geoelectrieal resistivity associated with preparatory process of great earthquakes in China[J].Earthquake Research in China,9(4):341—350(in Chinese).
汤吉,赵国泽,王继军,等.1998.张北-尚义地震前后电阻率的变化及分析[J].地震地质,20(2):164—171.TANG Ji,ZHAO Guo-ze,WANG Ji-jun,et al.1998.Variation and analysis of resistivity before and after the Zhangbei-Shangyi earthquake[J].Seismology and Geology,20(2):164—171(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,等.2008.汶川MS8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,30(3):597—629.XU Xi-wei,WEN Xue-ze,YE Jian-qing,et al.2008.The MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seis-mogenic structure[J].Seismology and Geology,30(3):597—629(in Chinese).
鱼金子,车用太,朱清钟,等.1998.北京太平庄井水的超远强震异常(远兆)研究[J].地震研究,21(1):42—49.YU Jin-zi,CHE Yong-tai,ZHU Qing-zhong,et al.1998.Study on groundwater anomalies at Taipingzhuang well,Beijing before strong earthquake occurring in ultra-far places[J].Journal of Seismological Research,21(1):42—49(in Chinese).
詹艳,赵国泽,王继军,等.2008.1927年古浪8级大震区及其周边地块的深部电性结构[J].地球物理学报,51(2):511—520.ZHAN Yan,ZHAO Guo-ze,WANG Ji-jun,et al.2008.Deep electric structure beneath the epicentre of the1927Gulang M8earthquake and its adjacent areas from magnetotelluric sounding[J].Chinese J Geophys,51(2):511—520(in Chinese).
张继红,赵国泽,肖骑彬,等.2010.郯庐断裂带中段(沂沭断裂带)电性结构研究与孕震环境[J].地球物理学报,53(3):605—611.ZHANG Ji-hong,ZHAO Guo-ze,XIAO Qi-bin,et al.2010.Analysis of electric structure of the central Tan-Lu Fault zone(Yi-Shu Fault zone,36°N)and seismogenic condition[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,53(3):605—611(in Chinese).
张继红,张京华,刘敏,等.2001.地震前电磁辐射异常变化特征[J].地震地磁观测与研究,22(5):71—74.ZHANG Ji-hong,ZHANG Jing-hua,LIU Min,et al.2001.The variational features of electromagnetic emission anomaly before earthquake[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,22(5):71—74(in Chinese).
张继红,乔惠珍.2005.地磁前兆异常的动态从属函数[J].地球物理学进展,20(1):142—146.ZHANG Ji-hong,QIAO Hui-zhen.2005.Precursory anomalies of geomagnetic field dynamic subordinate function method[J].Progress in Geophysics,20(1):142—146(in Chinese).
张学民,翟彦忠,郭建芳,等.2006.2004年印尼8.7级强震前昌黎台的远场电性异常特征探讨[J].地震,26(4):82—93.ZHANG Xue-min.ZHAI Yan-zhong,GUO Jian-fang,et al.2006.Discussion on remote geoelectric anomaly characteris-tics recorded at Changli station before M8.7Earthquake in Indonesia in2004[J].Earthquake,26(4):82—93(in Chinese).
张学民,李美,关华平.2009.汶川8.0级地震前的地电阻率异常分析[J].地震,29(1):108—115.ZHANG Xue-min,LI-Mei,GUAN Hua-ping.2009.Anomaly analysis of earth resistivity observations before the Wen-chuan earthquake[J].Earthquake,29(1):108—115(in Chinese).
曾令森,许志琴,罗立强,等.2005.CCSD在线流体监测捕获的气体地球化学异常与2004年9.3级苏门答腊地震可能的超远程关系[J].岩石学报,21(2):521—524.ZENG Ling-sen,XU Zhi-qin,LUO Li-qiang,et al.2005.2004MW9.3Sumatra-Andeman earthquake and gas geochem-istry anomalies in CCSD borehole:A possible ultra-remote linkage[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,21(2):521—524(in Chinese).
赵国泽,陈小斌,王立凤,等.2008.青藏高原东边缘地壳“管流”层的电磁探测证据[J].科学通报,53(3):345—350.ZHAO Guo-ze,CHEN Xiao-bin,WANG Li-feng,et al.2008.Evidence of crustal‘channel flow’in eastern margin of Tibet Plateau from MT measurements[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,53(3):1887—1893.
赵国泽,陈小斌,肖骑彬,等.2009.汶川MS8.0级地震成因三“层次”分析:基于深部电性结构[J].地球物理学报,52(2):553—563.ZHAO Guo-ze,CHEN Xiao-bin,XIAO Qi-bin,et al.2009.Generation mechanism of Wenchuan strong earthquake of MS8.0inferred from EM measurements in three levels[J].Chinese J Geophys,52(2):553—563(in Chinese).
赵玉林,赵璧如,钱卫,等.2010.HRT地震前兆波及其机制[J].地球物理学报,53(3):487—505.ZHAO Yu-lin,ZHAO Bi-ru,QIAN Wei,et al.2010.HRT precursor wave and its mechanism[J].Chinese J Geophys-ics,53(3):487—505(in Chinese).
Drury M J.1989.Electrical resistivity sounding as a technique for studing crustal dilatancy prior to earthquakes[J].Can J Earth Sci,16(2):205—214.
Huang Q.2008.Seismicity changes prior to the MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan,China[J].Geophysical Re-search Letters,35,L23308.doi:10.1029/2008GL036270.
Nur A.1972.Dilatancy,pore fluids and premonitory variations of ts/tp travel times[J].Bull Seismol Soc Amer,62:1217—1222.
QIAN Fu-ye,ZHAO Yu-lin.1996.Anisotropic parameters calculation of earth resistivity and seismic precursory exam-ples[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,9(4):617—627.
Scholz C H,Sykes L R,Aggarwal Y P.1973.Earthquake prediction:A physical basis[J].Science,181:803—810.
Shankland T J,Waff H S.1977.Partial melting and electrical conductivity anomalies in the upper mantle[J].Rev Geo-phys Space Phys,19:394—406.
车用太,谷元珠,鱼金子,等.2002.昆仑山口西MS8.1地震前地下流体的远场异常及其意义[J].地震,22(4):106—113.CHE Yong-tai,GU Yuan-zhu,YU Jin-zi,et al.2002.Remote anomalies of subsurface fluid before the MS8.1earthquake in west of Kunlun Mountain pass and their significance[J].Earthquake,22(4):106—113(in Chinese).
杜学彬,任广军,薛顺章.1999.中国大陆多种前兆异常研究及强震的尝试性预测[J].西北地震学报,21(2):113—122.DU Xue-bin,REN Guang-jun,XUE Shun-zhang.1999.Study on many kinds of precursory anomalies and trial prediction of strong earthquake in the continent of China[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,21(2):113—122(in Chi-nese).
杜学彬,薛顺章,郝臻,等.2000.地电阻率中短期异常与地震的关系[J].地震学报,22(4):368—376.DU Xue-bin,XUE Shun-zhang,HAO Zhen,et al.2000.On the relation of moderate-and short-term anomaly of earth re-sistivity to earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,22(4):368—376(in Chinese).
钱家栋.1993.与大震孕育过程有关的地电阻率变化研究[J].中国地震,9(4):341—350.QIAN Jia-dong.1993.A study on the changes in geoelectrieal resistivity associated with preparatory process of great earthquakes in China[J].Earthquake Research in China,9(4):341—350(in Chinese).
汤吉,赵国泽,王继军,等.1998.张北-尚义地震前后电阻率的变化及分析[J].地震地质,20(2):164—171.TANG Ji,ZHAO Guo-ze,WANG Ji-jun,et al.1998.Variation and analysis of resistivity before and after the Zhangbei-Shangyi earthquake[J].Seismology and Geology,20(2):164—171(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,等.2008.汶川MS8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,30(3):597—629.XU Xi-wei,WEN Xue-ze,YE Jian-qing,et al.2008.The MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seis-mogenic structure[J].Seismology and Geology,30(3):597—629(in Chinese).
鱼金子,车用太,朱清钟,等.1998.北京太平庄井水的超远强震异常(远兆)研究[J].地震研究,21(1):42—49.YU Jin-zi,CHE Yong-tai,ZHU Qing-zhong,et al.1998.Study on groundwater anomalies at Taipingzhuang well,Beijing before strong earthquake occurring in ultra-far places[J].Journal of Seismological Research,21(1):42—49(in Chinese).
詹艳,赵国泽,王继军,等.2008.1927年古浪8级大震区及其周边地块的深部电性结构[J].地球物理学报,51(2):511—520.ZHAN Yan,ZHAO Guo-ze,WANG Ji-jun,et al.2008.Deep electric structure beneath the epicentre of the1927Gulang M8earthquake and its adjacent areas from magnetotelluric sounding[J].Chinese J Geophys,51(2):511—520(in Chinese).
张继红,赵国泽,肖骑彬,等.2010.郯庐断裂带中段(沂沭断裂带)电性结构研究与孕震环境[J].地球物理学报,53(3):605—611.ZHANG Ji-hong,ZHAO Guo-ze,XIAO Qi-bin,et al.2010.Analysis of electric structure of the central Tan-Lu Fault zone(Yi-Shu Fault zone,36°N)and seismogenic condition[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,53(3):605—611(in Chinese).
张继红,张京华,刘敏,等.2001.地震前电磁辐射异常变化特征[J].地震地磁观测与研究,22(5):71—74.ZHANG Ji-hong,ZHANG Jing-hua,LIU Min,et al.2001.The variational features of electromagnetic emission anomaly before earthquake[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,22(5):71—74(in Chinese).
张继红,乔惠珍.2005.地磁前兆异常的动态从属函数[J].地球物理学进展,20(1):142—146.ZHANG Ji-hong,QIAO Hui-zhen.2005.Precursory anomalies of geomagnetic field dynamic subordinate function method[J].Progress in Geophysics,20(1):142—146(in Chinese).
张学民,翟彦忠,郭建芳,等.2006.2004年印尼8.7级强震前昌黎台的远场电性异常特征探讨[J].地震,26(4):82—93.ZHANG Xue-min.ZHAI Yan-zhong,GUO Jian-fang,et al.2006.Discussion on remote geoelectric anomaly characteris-tics recorded at Changli station before M8.7Earthquake in Indonesia in2004[J].Earthquake,26(4):82—93(in Chinese).
张学民,李美,关华平.2009.汶川8.0级地震前的地电阻率异常分析[J].地震,29(1):108—115.ZHANG Xue-min,LI-Mei,GUAN Hua-ping.2009.Anomaly analysis of earth resistivity observations before the Wen-chuan earthquake[J].Earthquake,29(1):108—115(in Chinese).
曾令森,许志琴,罗立强,等.2005.CCSD在线流体监测捕获的气体地球化学异常与2004年9.3级苏门答腊地震可能的超远程关系[J].岩石学报,21(2):521—524.ZENG Ling-sen,XU Zhi-qin,LUO Li-qiang,et al.2005.2004MW9.3Sumatra-Andeman earthquake and gas geochem-istry anomalies in CCSD borehole:A possible ultra-remote linkage[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,21(2):521—524(in Chinese).
赵国泽,陈小斌,王立凤,等.2008.青藏高原东边缘地壳“管流”层的电磁探测证据[J].科学通报,53(3):345—350.ZHAO Guo-ze,CHEN Xiao-bin,WANG Li-feng,et al.2008.Evidence of crustal‘channel flow’in eastern margin of Tibet Plateau from MT measurements[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,53(3):1887—1893.
赵国泽,陈小斌,肖骑彬,等.2009.汶川MS8.0级地震成因三“层次”分析:基于深部电性结构[J].地球物理学报,52(2):553—563.ZHAO Guo-ze,CHEN Xiao-bin,XIAO Qi-bin,et al.2009.Generation mechanism of Wenchuan strong earthquake of MS8.0inferred from EM measurements in three levels[J].Chinese J Geophys,52(2):553—563(in Chinese).
赵玉林,赵璧如,钱卫,等.2010.HRT地震前兆波及其机制[J].地球物理学报,53(3):487—505.ZHAO Yu-lin,ZHAO Bi-ru,QIAN Wei,et al.2010.HRT precursor wave and its mechanism[J].Chinese J Geophys-ics,53(3):487—505(in Chinese).
Drury M J.1989.Electrical resistivity sounding as a technique for studing crustal dilatancy prior to earthquakes[J].Can J Earth Sci,16(2):205—214.
Huang Q.2008.Seismicity changes prior to the MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan,China[J].Geophysical Re-search Letters,35,L23308.doi:10.1029/2008GL036270.
Nur A.1972.Dilatancy,pore fluids and premonitory variations of ts/tp travel times[J].Bull Seismol Soc Amer,62:1217—1222.
QIAN Fu-ye,ZHAO Yu-lin.1996.Anisotropic parameters calculation of earth resistivity and seismic precursory exam-ples[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,9(4):617—627.
Scholz C H,Sykes L R,Aggarwal Y P.1973.Earthquake prediction:A physical basis[J].Science,181:803—810.
Shankland T J,Waff H S.1977.Partial melting and electrical conductivity anomalies in the upper mantle[J].Rev Geo-phys Space Phys,19:394—406.
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