中国岩石圈三维结构雏型
|
摘要
根据岩石圈的流变习性,可以将中国岩石圈分成3层,即:弹性上地壳、塑性下地壳和岩石圈地幔。它们的构造各不相同,并且各层间呈现复杂的关系。在新疆地区,上地壳推覆叠置形成以三山四盆为特点的盆山构造,驮伏在一系列东西走向的条带状背型构造与向型构造的下地壳之上。在强烈隆升中的西藏地区,它的周边是差异隆升,但它的腹部地区的弹性上地壳完整未遭破坏。这是因为它的腹部的下地壳和岩石圈地幔发生局部熔融,上地壳被局部熔融的下地壳和岩石圈地幔顶托,以液压的方式整体抬升。华北地区,则是软流圈上升破坏了岩石圈地幔,形成新生地幔与残留地幔并存的蘑菇云岩石圈地幔构造。并由于软流圈的上升,使地壳拉张减薄形成裂谷盆地。中国大陆下除了东北吉辽地区太平洋板块向大陆俯冲外,东部其他地区都没有发现太平洋板块俯冲的证据。中生代以来中国东部发生的岩石圈巨变不是太平洋板块向中国大陆的俯冲而造成的,而是软流圈物质上涌的结果。因此,中国大陆当今的构造动力,是西部由印度板块俯冲推挤和东部东亚-西太平洋软流圈上升构成的二元系统。这两个动力系统的分界是南北地震带。在南北地震带以西整体处在压缩环境中;南北地震带以东,则处在拉张环境中。正是由于应力场由压缩转变成拉张产生的剪应力造成了南北地震带。华北地区所以成为地震活动地区是因为它的岩石圈地幔已被强烈的改造成为蘑菇云构造,热流上升,弹性层急剧减薄,弹性极限下降所致。
According to rheological behaviors of the lithosphere,the authors have divided the lithosphere of China into three layers.i.e.,elastic upper crust,plastic lower crust and lithospheric mantle,and pointed out that they have different structures and complicated relationships.In the Xinjiang area,four basins and three ranges were formed by thrusting and overlapping in the upper crust,overlain on a series of EW-striking antiforms and synforms of the lower crust.The uplifting of the central part of the Tibetan plateau was as a whole caused by the hydraulic pressure due to the partial melting of its lower crust and lithospheric mantle,but the uplifting of the border parts is of the differential nature.In North China,the upwelling of ashenosphere material destroyed lithospheric mantle and formed a mushroom cloud structure in which the new-born mantle and the residue mantle existed side by side,and grabens occurred in the elastic upper crust.There exists no evidence for the subduction of the Pacific plate under the continent of China,except for things in a limited area of northeast China.The violent deformation of eastern China was produced by the upwelling of ashenospheric materials instead of by the subduction of the Pacific plate.So the tectonic forces nowadays in China constitute a dual system which includes the subduction of the Indian plate in the west and the uplifting of the ashenosphere in the east.The boundary of the two different tectonic forces is the north-south seismic belt.To the west of the northsouth seismic belt,the lithosphere is under a compression regime,whereas to the east of the north-south seismic belt,the lithosphere is under an extensional regime.The reason for the seismicity of North China is that the elastic crust of this area was thinned by strong geothermal activity,which resulted in the considerable lowering of the elastic limit.
According to rheological behaviors of the lithosphere,the authors have divided the lithosphere of China into three layers.i.e.,elastic upper crust,plastic lower crust and lithospheric mantle,and pointed out that they have different structures and complicated relationships.In the Xinjiang area,four basins and three ranges were formed by thrusting and overlapping in the upper crust,overlain on a series of EW-striking antiforms and synforms of the lower crust.The uplifting of the central part of the Tibetan plateau was as a whole caused by the hydraulic pressure due to the partial melting of its lower crust and lithospheric mantle,but the uplifting of the border parts is of the differential nature.In North China,the upwelling of ashenosphere material destroyed lithospheric mantle and formed a mushroom cloud structure in which the new-born mantle and the residue mantle existed side by side,and grabens occurred in the elastic upper crust.There exists no evidence for the subduction of the Pacific plate under the continent of China,except for things in a limited area of northeast China.The violent deformation of eastern China was produced by the upwelling of ashenospheric materials instead of by the subduction of the Pacific plate.So the tectonic forces nowadays in China constitute a dual system which includes the subduction of the Indian plate in the west and the uplifting of the ashenosphere in the east.The boundary of the two different tectonic forces is the north-south seismic belt.To the west of the northsouth seismic belt,the lithosphere is under a compression regime,whereas to the east of the north-south seismic belt,the lithosphere is under an extensional regime.The reason for the seismicity of North China is that the elastic crust of this area was thinned by strong geothermal activity,which resulted in the considerable lowering of the elastic limit.
引文
[1]Morgan W J.Rises,trenches,great faults,and crustal blocks[J].J. Geophys.Res.,1968,73:1959-1982.
[2]Bird P.An updated digital model of plate boundaries[J]. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2003,4(3):1-52.
[3]NSFA.New Departures in Structural Geology and Tectonics[M]. http://pangea.stanford.edu/～dpollard/NSF/main.html,2003.
[4]Chen W P,Molnar P.Focal depths of intracontinental and intraplate earthquakes and their implications for the thermal and mechanical properties of the lithosphere[J].Journal of Geophysical Research, 1983,88:4183-4214.
[5]Jackson J.Strength of the continental lithosphere:time to abandon the jelly sandwich?[J].GSA Today,2002.4-10.
[6]马杏垣.中国岩石圈动力学纲要[M].北京:中国地图出版社1987. Ma Xingyuan.An Outline of the Lithosphere Dynamics of China [M].Beijing:Sinomap Press,1987(in Chinese with English abstract).
[7]马宗晋,杜品仁,洪汉净.地球构造与动力学[M].广州:广东科技出版社,2003:1-62. Ma Zongjin,Du Pinren,Hong Hanjing.Earth Tectonics and Dynamics[M].Guangzhou:Guangdong Scientific and Technological Press.2003:1-62(in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]丁国瑜主编.中国岩石圈动力学概论[M].北京:地震出版社, 1991:271-564. Ding Guoyu.An Introduction to the Lithosphere Dynamics of China[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1991,271-564(in Chinese with English abstract).
[9]范承钧,杨明桂.中国基本构造格局及其演化[M]//程裕淇主编:中国区域地质概论.北京:地质出版社,1994:448-476. Fan Chengjun,Yang Minggui.Basic Tectonic Framework and its Evolution in China[M]//Cheng Yuqi(ed.).An Introduction to the Regional Geology of China.Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 1994.(in Chinese with English abstract).
[10]袁学诚主编.中国地球物理图集[M].北京:地质出版社,1996. Yuan Xuecheng(editor).Atlas of Geophysics in China[M].Beijing: Geological Publishing House,1996.
[11]邓晋福,赵海玲,莫宣学,等.中国大陆根-柱构造[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:1-110. Deng Jinfu,Zhao Hailing,Mo Xuanxue,et al.Continental Roots-Plume Tectonics of China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing ??House,1996:1-110(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]Sengor A M C,Natal' in BA.Paleotectonics of Asia:fragments of a synthesis[M]//Yin A,Harrison TM(eds).The Tectonic Evolution of Asia.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1996:486-640.
[13]张培震,王琪,马宗晋.中国大陆现今构造运动的GPS速度场与活动地块[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):430-441. Zhang Peizhen,Wang Qi,Ma Zongjin.GPS velocity field and active crustal blocks of contemporary tectonic deformation in continental China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2002,9(2):430-441 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[14]李廷栋.中国岩石圈构造单元[J].中国地质,2006,33(4):700- 710. Li Tingdong.Lithospheric units of China[J].Geology in China, 2006,33(4):689-710(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]Watts A B,Burov E B.Lithospheric strength and its relationship to the elastic and seismogenic layer thickness[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2003,213:113-131.
[16]袁炳强,Yvette H P D,王平,等.北冰洋-欧亚大陆-太平洋地学断面东南段岩石圈有效弹性厚度[J].地球科学,2002,27(4): 397-402. Yuan Bingqiang,Yvette H P D,Wang Ping,et al.Effective Lithospheric Elastic Thickness of Southeastern Part of Arctic Ocean-Eurasia Continent-Pacific Ocean Geoscience Transect[J]. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2002, 27(4):397-402(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]袁炳强,王平.用相关技术计算大陆岩石圈有效弹性厚度[J].西安工程学院学报,2002,24(2):55-58. Yuan Bingqiang,Wang Ping.Estimates of the Effective Elastic Thickness of the Continental Lithosphere using the Coherence Technique[J].Journal of Xi'an Engineering University,2002.24 (2):55-58(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]赵俐红,姜效典,金煜,等.中国西部大陆岩石圈的有效弹性厚度研究[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2004,29(2):183-190. Zhao Lihong,Jiang Xiaodian,Jin Yu,et al.Effective Elastic Thickness of Continental Lithosphere in western China[J].Earth Science Journal of China University of Geosciences,2004.29(2): 183-190(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19]Maggi A,Jackson J A,D McKenzie,et.al.Earthquake focal depth, effective elastic thickness,and the strength of the continental lithosphere[J].Geology,2000,28(6):495-498
[20]Burov EV.The effective elastic thickness(Te)of continental lithosphere:what does it really means[J].JGR.1995.100:3905- 3927.
[21]汪一鹏,马瑾,李传友.南北地震带强震迁移特征及其与南亚地震带的联系[J].地震地质,2007,29(1):3-16. Wang Yipeng,Ma Jin,Li zhuanyou.The migration characteristics of strong Earthquakes on the North-South seismic belt and its relation with the south Asia seismic belt[J].Seismology and Geology,2007,29(1):3-16(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]陈学波.龙门山构造带两侧地壳速度结构特征[C]//国家地震局??科技监测司编.中国大陆深部构造的研究与进展.北京:地震出版社,1991:97-113. Chen Xuebo.Crustal Velocity Structure of Two Sides of Longmen Mountain[C]//Science and Technology monitoring China Earthquake Administration edit.Research and progress on Deep structure of China continent.Beijing:Seismological Press,1991: 97-113(in Chinese).
[23]袁学诚,耶哥洛夫,GEMOC.全球地学断面第21号:北冰洋-欧亚大陆-太平洋地学断面简要说明[M].北京:科学出版社,2000. Yuan Xuecheng,Egorov A S,GEMOC.A Short Introduction to Global Geoscience Transect 21:Arctic Ocean-Eurasia-Pacific Ocean[M].Bejing:Science Press,2000.
[24]王椿镛,Mooney W D,王溪莉,等.川滇地区地壳上地幔三维速度结构研究[J].地震学报,2002.24(1):1-16. Wang Chunyong,Mooney W D,Wang Xili,et al.On research of 3-D velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle in Sichuan-Yunnan region[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2002.24(1):1-16(in Chinese with English abstract).
[25]左愚.中国均衡重力异常图[M]//袁学诚主编,中国地球物理图集,地质出版社,1996. Zuo Yu.Isostatic gravity anomaly of China[M]//Yuan Xuecheng (ed.):Atlas of Geophysics of China.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1996.
[26]袁学诚,李廷栋,肖序常,等.青藏高原岩石圈三维结构及高原隆升的液压机模型[J].中国地质,2006,33(4):711-729. Yuan Xuecheng,Li Tingdong,Xiao Xuchang,et.al.3d lithospheric structure of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its hydraulic pressure machine model of uplift[J].Geology in China,2006,33(4):711-729 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[27]殷鸿福,张克信,中央造山带的演化及其特点[J].地球科学, 1998,23(5):437-442. Yin Hongfu,Zhang kexin,Evolution and Characteristics of the Central Orogenic Belt[J],Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,1998,23(5):437-442(in Chinese with English abstract).
[28]安振昌,徐元芳,王月华.MAGSAT卫星磁力异常图[M]//袁学诚主编:中国地球物理图集,地质出版社,1996. An Zhenchang,Xu Yuanfang,Wang Yuehua.MAGSAT anomaly [M]//Yuan Xuecheng(ed.).Atlas of Geophysics in China.Beijing: Geological Publishing House,1996.
[29]王钧,汪辑安,2km深地温图[M]//袁学诚主编.中国地球物理图集.北京:地质出版社,1996. Wang Jun,Wang ji'an.Temperature at a depth of 2km[M]//Yuan Xuecheng(ed.).Atlas of Geophysics of China.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1996.
[30]宁津生,李建成,陈建国,等.101-180阶卫星重力异常图[M]//袁学诚主编,中国地球物理图集.北京:地质出版社,1996. Ning Jinsheng,Li Jiancheng,Chen Jianguo,et al.101-180 Satellite Gravity Anomaly[M]//Yuan Xuecheng(ed.).Atlas of Geophysics of China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1996.
[31]Bowin C.Depth of principal mass anomalies contributing to the Earth's geoidal undulations and gravity anomalies[J].Marine Geodesy,1983,7(1):61-101.
[32]袁学诚.论中国西部岩石圈三维结构及其对寻找油气资源的启示[J].中国地质,2005,32(2):1-12. Yuan Xuecheng.3D lithospheric structure of western China and its enlightment on petroleum prospecting[J].Geology in China,2005, 32(2):1-12(in Chinese with English abstract).
[33]Owens T J,Zandt G.Implications of crustal property variations for models of Tibetan plateau evolution[J].Nature,1997,387:37-43.
[34]Zhu,Helmberger.Moho offset across the northern margin of the Tibetan plateau[J].Science,1998,281:1170-1172.
[35]McNamara D E,Walter W R,Owens T J,et al.Upper mantle velocity structure beneath the Tibetan plateau from Pn travel time tomography[J].J.Geophys.Res,1997,102:493-505.
[36]叶洪,陈国光,周永东,等.中国大陆地震构造特征及其地球动力学意义[C]//中国地质学会构造专业委员会年会,1995. Ye Hong,Chen Guoguang,Zhou Yongdong,et al.The characteristics of earthquake structure in China and its geodynamic meaning[C].Structural speciality committee Geological Society of China,1995.
[37]宁津生,李建成,陈建国,等.2-49阶卫星重力异常图[M]//袁学诚主编:中国地球物理图集,北京:地质出版社,1996. Ning Jinsheng,Li Jiancheng,Chen Jianguo,et al.2-49 Satellite Gravity Anomaly[M].Yuan Xuecheng(ed.).Atlas of Geophysics of China.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1996.
[38]Replumaz A,Hrafnkell Karason,Rob D.van der Hilst,et al.4-D evolution of SE Asia's mantle from geological reconstructions and seismic tomography[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2004, 221:103-115.
[39]Lebedev S,Guust Nolet.Upper mantle beneath Southeast Asia from S velocity tomography[J].Journal of Geophysical Research. 2003,108,no.b1,2048,doi:10.1029/2000jb000073.
[40]袁学诚.再论岩石圈地幔蘑菇云构造及其深部成因[J].中国地质,2007,34(5):737-758. Yuan Xuecheng.Mushroom structure of the lithospheric mantle and its genesis at depth:revisited[J].Geology in China,2007,34 (5):737-758(in Chinese with English abstract).
[2]Bird P.An updated digital model of plate boundaries[J]. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2003,4(3):1-52.
[3]NSFA.New Departures in Structural Geology and Tectonics[M]. http://pangea.stanford.edu/～dpollard/NSF/main.html,2003.
[4]Chen W P,Molnar P.Focal depths of intracontinental and intraplate earthquakes and their implications for the thermal and mechanical properties of the lithosphere[J].Journal of Geophysical Research, 1983,88:4183-4214.
[5]Jackson J.Strength of the continental lithosphere:time to abandon the jelly sandwich?[J].GSA Today,2002.4-10.
[6]马杏垣.中国岩石圈动力学纲要[M].北京:中国地图出版社1987. Ma Xingyuan.An Outline of the Lithosphere Dynamics of China [M].Beijing:Sinomap Press,1987(in Chinese with English abstract).
[7]马宗晋,杜品仁,洪汉净.地球构造与动力学[M].广州:广东科技出版社,2003:1-62. Ma Zongjin,Du Pinren,Hong Hanjing.Earth Tectonics and Dynamics[M].Guangzhou:Guangdong Scientific and Technological Press.2003:1-62(in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]丁国瑜主编.中国岩石圈动力学概论[M].北京:地震出版社, 1991:271-564. Ding Guoyu.An Introduction to the Lithosphere Dynamics of China[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1991,271-564(in Chinese with English abstract).
[9]范承钧,杨明桂.中国基本构造格局及其演化[M]//程裕淇主编:中国区域地质概论.北京:地质出版社,1994:448-476. Fan Chengjun,Yang Minggui.Basic Tectonic Framework and its Evolution in China[M]//Cheng Yuqi(ed.).An Introduction to the Regional Geology of China.Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 1994.(in Chinese with English abstract).
[10]袁学诚主编.中国地球物理图集[M].北京:地质出版社,1996. Yuan Xuecheng(editor).Atlas of Geophysics in China[M].Beijing: Geological Publishing House,1996.
[11]邓晋福,赵海玲,莫宣学,等.中国大陆根-柱构造[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:1-110. Deng Jinfu,Zhao Hailing,Mo Xuanxue,et al.Continental Roots-Plume Tectonics of China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing ??House,1996:1-110(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]Sengor A M C,Natal' in BA.Paleotectonics of Asia:fragments of a synthesis[M]//Yin A,Harrison TM(eds).The Tectonic Evolution of Asia.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1996:486-640.
[13]张培震,王琪,马宗晋.中国大陆现今构造运动的GPS速度场与活动地块[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):430-441. Zhang Peizhen,Wang Qi,Ma Zongjin.GPS velocity field and active crustal blocks of contemporary tectonic deformation in continental China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2002,9(2):430-441 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[14]李廷栋.中国岩石圈构造单元[J].中国地质,2006,33(4):700- 710. Li Tingdong.Lithospheric units of China[J].Geology in China, 2006,33(4):689-710(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]Watts A B,Burov E B.Lithospheric strength and its relationship to the elastic and seismogenic layer thickness[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2003,213:113-131.
[16]袁炳强,Yvette H P D,王平,等.北冰洋-欧亚大陆-太平洋地学断面东南段岩石圈有效弹性厚度[J].地球科学,2002,27(4): 397-402. Yuan Bingqiang,Yvette H P D,Wang Ping,et al.Effective Lithospheric Elastic Thickness of Southeastern Part of Arctic Ocean-Eurasia Continent-Pacific Ocean Geoscience Transect[J]. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2002, 27(4):397-402(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]袁炳强,王平.用相关技术计算大陆岩石圈有效弹性厚度[J].西安工程学院学报,2002,24(2):55-58. Yuan Bingqiang,Wang Ping.Estimates of the Effective Elastic Thickness of the Continental Lithosphere using the Coherence Technique[J].Journal of Xi'an Engineering University,2002.24 (2):55-58(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]赵俐红,姜效典,金煜,等.中国西部大陆岩石圈的有效弹性厚度研究[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2004,29(2):183-190. Zhao Lihong,Jiang Xiaodian,Jin Yu,et al.Effective Elastic Thickness of Continental Lithosphere in western China[J].Earth Science Journal of China University of Geosciences,2004.29(2): 183-190(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19]Maggi A,Jackson J A,D McKenzie,et.al.Earthquake focal depth, effective elastic thickness,and the strength of the continental lithosphere[J].Geology,2000,28(6):495-498
[20]Burov EV.The effective elastic thickness(Te)of continental lithosphere:what does it really means[J].JGR.1995.100:3905- 3927.
[21]汪一鹏,马瑾,李传友.南北地震带强震迁移特征及其与南亚地震带的联系[J].地震地质,2007,29(1):3-16. Wang Yipeng,Ma Jin,Li zhuanyou.The migration characteristics of strong Earthquakes on the North-South seismic belt and its relation with the south Asia seismic belt[J].Seismology and Geology,2007,29(1):3-16(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]陈学波.龙门山构造带两侧地壳速度结构特征[C]//国家地震局??科技监测司编.中国大陆深部构造的研究与进展.北京:地震出版社,1991:97-113. Chen Xuebo.Crustal Velocity Structure of Two Sides of Longmen Mountain[C]//Science and Technology monitoring China Earthquake Administration edit.Research and progress on Deep structure of China continent.Beijing:Seismological Press,1991: 97-113(in Chinese).
[23]袁学诚,耶哥洛夫,GEMOC.全球地学断面第21号:北冰洋-欧亚大陆-太平洋地学断面简要说明[M].北京:科学出版社,2000. Yuan Xuecheng,Egorov A S,GEMOC.A Short Introduction to Global Geoscience Transect 21:Arctic Ocean-Eurasia-Pacific Ocean[M].Bejing:Science Press,2000.
[24]王椿镛,Mooney W D,王溪莉,等.川滇地区地壳上地幔三维速度结构研究[J].地震学报,2002.24(1):1-16. Wang Chunyong,Mooney W D,Wang Xili,et al.On research of 3-D velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle in Sichuan-Yunnan region[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2002.24(1):1-16(in Chinese with English abstract).
[25]左愚.中国均衡重力异常图[M]//袁学诚主编,中国地球物理图集,地质出版社,1996. Zuo Yu.Isostatic gravity anomaly of China[M]//Yuan Xuecheng (ed.):Atlas of Geophysics of China.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1996.
[26]袁学诚,李廷栋,肖序常,等.青藏高原岩石圈三维结构及高原隆升的液压机模型[J].中国地质,2006,33(4):711-729. Yuan Xuecheng,Li Tingdong,Xiao Xuchang,et.al.3d lithospheric structure of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its hydraulic pressure machine model of uplift[J].Geology in China,2006,33(4):711-729 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[27]殷鸿福,张克信,中央造山带的演化及其特点[J].地球科学, 1998,23(5):437-442. Yin Hongfu,Zhang kexin,Evolution and Characteristics of the Central Orogenic Belt[J],Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,1998,23(5):437-442(in Chinese with English abstract).
[28]安振昌,徐元芳,王月华.MAGSAT卫星磁力异常图[M]//袁学诚主编:中国地球物理图集,地质出版社,1996. An Zhenchang,Xu Yuanfang,Wang Yuehua.MAGSAT anomaly [M]//Yuan Xuecheng(ed.).Atlas of Geophysics in China.Beijing: Geological Publishing House,1996.
[29]王钧,汪辑安,2km深地温图[M]//袁学诚主编.中国地球物理图集.北京:地质出版社,1996. Wang Jun,Wang ji'an.Temperature at a depth of 2km[M]//Yuan Xuecheng(ed.).Atlas of Geophysics of China.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1996.
[30]宁津生,李建成,陈建国,等.101-180阶卫星重力异常图[M]//袁学诚主编,中国地球物理图集.北京:地质出版社,1996. Ning Jinsheng,Li Jiancheng,Chen Jianguo,et al.101-180 Satellite Gravity Anomaly[M]//Yuan Xuecheng(ed.).Atlas of Geophysics of China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1996.
[31]Bowin C.Depth of principal mass anomalies contributing to the Earth's geoidal undulations and gravity anomalies[J].Marine Geodesy,1983,7(1):61-101.
[32]袁学诚.论中国西部岩石圈三维结构及其对寻找油气资源的启示[J].中国地质,2005,32(2):1-12. Yuan Xuecheng.3D lithospheric structure of western China and its enlightment on petroleum prospecting[J].Geology in China,2005, 32(2):1-12(in Chinese with English abstract).
[33]Owens T J,Zandt G.Implications of crustal property variations for models of Tibetan plateau evolution[J].Nature,1997,387:37-43.
[34]Zhu,Helmberger.Moho offset across the northern margin of the Tibetan plateau[J].Science,1998,281:1170-1172.
[35]McNamara D E,Walter W R,Owens T J,et al.Upper mantle velocity structure beneath the Tibetan plateau from Pn travel time tomography[J].J.Geophys.Res,1997,102:493-505.
[36]叶洪,陈国光,周永东,等.中国大陆地震构造特征及其地球动力学意义[C]//中国地质学会构造专业委员会年会,1995. Ye Hong,Chen Guoguang,Zhou Yongdong,et al.The characteristics of earthquake structure in China and its geodynamic meaning[C].Structural speciality committee Geological Society of China,1995.
[37]宁津生,李建成,陈建国,等.2-49阶卫星重力异常图[M]//袁学诚主编:中国地球物理图集,北京:地质出版社,1996. Ning Jinsheng,Li Jiancheng,Chen Jianguo,et al.2-49 Satellite Gravity Anomaly[M].Yuan Xuecheng(ed.).Atlas of Geophysics of China.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1996.
[38]Replumaz A,Hrafnkell Karason,Rob D.van der Hilst,et al.4-D evolution of SE Asia's mantle from geological reconstructions and seismic tomography[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2004, 221:103-115.
[39]Lebedev S,Guust Nolet.Upper mantle beneath Southeast Asia from S velocity tomography[J].Journal of Geophysical Research. 2003,108,no.b1,2048,doi:10.1029/2000jb000073.
[40]袁学诚.再论岩石圈地幔蘑菇云构造及其深部成因[J].中国地质,2007,34(5):737-758. Yuan Xuecheng.Mushroom structure of the lithospheric mantle and its genesis at depth:revisited[J].Geology in China,2007,34 (5):737-758(in Chinese with English abstract).
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心