大型岩质滑坡地震变形破坏过程物理试验与数值模拟研究
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摘要
以汶川地震触发的大光包岩质滑坡为例,结合野外现场调查,以其地质结果为背景,建立起破坏前的物理模型和三维数值模型,利用振动试验台和数值计算方法对滑坡变形破坏过程进行了研究。物理试验与数值模拟方法相互验证,取得了较为一致的结果。研究结果表明:该滑坡的破坏模式为坡体顶部与中部拉张贯穿破坏→中部沿层面滑移→前缘剪切破坏,中部拉裂缝与主滑面首先形成滑动边界,前缘首先滑出;滑坡变形过程中的加速度与速度响应研究表明其放大效应明显。同时,通过对比基岩与滑带加速度与速度放大系数,显示了结构面对斜坡变形破坏过程的控制作用。
Earthquake is one of the main factors of the generation of a landslide.This paper takes the Daguangbao rockslide triggered by the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake for example.Based on site investigation,the physical model experiments and numerical model are built to simulate the deformation and failure process of the rockslide.The results of model test match the results of numerical simulation well.The results show that failure model of slide was that the toe and the middle of the slide was shear failure and the top of the slide was tension failure.The tension cracks of slope and the shear oblique layer on the bottom composed the slide boundary.Through the research of acceleration and velocity response,the calculated also resulted that the structural plane played a controlling role in the dynamic response of the rock slope.
Earthquake is one of the main factors of the generation of a landslide.This paper takes the Daguangbao rockslide triggered by the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake for example.Based on site investigation,the physical model experiments and numerical model are built to simulate the deformation and failure process of the rockslide.The results of model test match the results of numerical simulation well.The results show that failure model of slide was that the toe and the middle of the slide was shear failure and the top of the slide was tension failure.The tension cracks of slope and the shear oblique layer on the bottom composed the slide boundary.Through the research of acceleration and velocity response,the calculated also resulted that the structural plane played a controlling role in the dynamic response of the rock slope.
引文
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[13]殷跃平,成余粮,王军.汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡遥感研究[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(5):674～684.Yin Yueping,Cheng Yuliang,Wang Jun.Remote sensing re-search on Daguangbao gigantic rockslide triggered by Wenchuanearthquake.Journal of Engineering Geology,2011,19(5):674～684.
[14]孙广忠.岩体结构力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1988.Sun Guangzhong.Rock Mass Structure Mechanics.Beijing:Sci-ence Press,1988.
[2]徐光兴,姚令侃,高召宁,等.斜坡动力特性与动力响应的大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):624～632.Xu Guangxing,Yao Lingkan,Gao Zhaoning,et al.Large-scaleshaking table model test study on dynamic Characteristics and dy-namic responses of slope.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2008,27(3):624～632.
[3]董金玉,杨国香,等.地震作用下顺层岩质边坡动力响应和破坏模式大型振动台试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,10(3):2978～2982.Dong Jinyu,Yang Guoxiang,et al.The large-scale shaking tabletest study of dynamic response and failure mode of bedding rockslope under earthquake.Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,10(3):2978～2982.
[4]崔芳鹏,胡瑞林,殷跃平,等.纵横波时差耦合作用的斜坡崩滑效应离散元分析——以北川唐家山滑坡为例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(2):319～327.Cui Fangpeng,Hu Ruilin,Yin Yueping,et al.Discrete elementanalysis of collapsing and sliding response of slope triggered bytime difference coupling effects of P and seismic waves—TakingTangjiashan landslide in Beichuan county for example.ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(2):319～327.
[5]毕忠伟,张明,金峰,等.地震作用下边坡的动态响应规律研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(增1):180～183.Bi Zhongwei,Zhang Ming,Jin Feng,et al.Dynamic response ofslopes under earthquakes.Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(S1):180～183.
[6]杨庆华,姚令侃,杨明.地震作用下松散堆积体崩塌的颗粒流数值模拟[J].西南交通大学学报,2009,44(4):580～584.Yang Qinghua,Yao Lingkan,Yang Ming.Particle flow numericalsimulation of landslip of loose slopes under seismic loading.Jour-nal of Southwest Jiao tong University,2009,44(4):580～584.
[7]杨俊杰.相似理论与结构模型试验[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2005.Yang Junjie.Similarity Theory and Structure Model Test.Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology Press,2005.
[8]王存玉,王思敬.边坡模型振动试验研究.岩体工程地质力学问题(七)[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.Wang Cunyu,Wang Sijing.Experimental vibrating study of rockslope model[C〗.Geology Institute of China Academy.Problems ofEngineering Geomechanics for Rock Mass(7).Beijing:SciencePress.1987.
[9]李育枢,李天斌,王栋,等.黄草坪2#隧道洞口段减震措施的大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1129～1135.Li Yushu,Li Tianbin,Wang Dong,et al.Large-scale shaking ta-ble test for vibration-absorption measures of portal section ofHuangcaoping tunnel no.2.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2009,28(6):1129～1135.
[10]许向宁.高地震烈度区山体变形破裂机制地质分析与地质力学模拟研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2006.Xu Xiangning.Geological Analysis and Geomeehanies AnalogStudy of Mountain Deformation-Failure Mechanism in High Earth-quake-Intensity Area[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University ofTechnology,2006.
[11]Itasca Consulting Group Inc.FLAC3D(Fast Lagrangian Analysisof Continua in 3 Dimensions),Version 2.0,Users Manual(Vol-umeⅤ)[R].USA:Itasca Consulting Group in.c,1997.
[12]李世贵.汶川5.12地震诱发大光包巨型滑坡形成机理与运动特征研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2010.Li Shigui.Study of the formation mechanism and dynamic charac-teristics of Daguangbao massive landslide induced by 5.12 wechuan earthquake.Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2010.
[13]殷跃平,成余粮,王军.汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡遥感研究[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(5):674～684.Yin Yueping,Cheng Yuliang,Wang Jun.Remote sensing re-search on Daguangbao gigantic rockslide triggered by Wenchuanearthquake.Journal of Engineering Geology,2011,19(5):674～684.
[14]孙广忠.岩体结构力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1988.Sun Guangzhong.Rock Mass Structure Mechanics.Beijing:Sci-ence Press,1988.
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