基于岩石物理分析的叠前弹性反演预测含气砂岩分布(英文)
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摘要
地震反演是当今最广泛应用于含油气储层预测的技术之一,取得了很多很好的预测效果,但也有失败的例子,达不到区分岩性和识别流体的目的。而本文介绍的建立在岩石物理建模和分析基础上的地震弹性反演,可将含油气储层预测由定性向(半)定量推进一步。根据岩石物理建模和正演扰动分析,可深刻理解岩石物性参数与地震弹性参数之间的内在关系,进而寻找储层岩性、物性和含油气性的敏感地震弹性参数,建立起理论岩石物理解释图版。岩石物理分析结果和所建立的岩石物理解释图版分别用以指导地震反演和反演结果的解释,实现油气储层分布预测和流体检测的目的。文中的含气砂岩分布预测实例研究应用结果表明,这种方法较叠后地震反演储层预测技术具有无可比拟的优越性,效果更佳,效率更高。
Seismic inversion is one of the most widely used technologies for reservoir prediction.Many good results have been obtained but sometimes it fails to differentiate the lithologies and identify the fluids.However,seismic prestack elastic inversion based on rock physics modeling and analysis introduced in this paper is a significant method that can help seismic inversion and interpretation reach a new quantitative (or semi-quantitative) level from traditional qualitative interpretation.By doing rock physics modeling and forward perturbation analysis,we can quantitatively analyze the essential relationships between rock properties and seismic responses and try to find the sensitive elastic properties to the lithology,porosity,fluid type,and reservoir saturation.Finally,standard rock physics templates (RPT) can be built for specific reservoirs to guide seismic inversion interpretation results for reservoir characterization and fluids identification purpose.The gas sand distribution results of the case study in this paper proves that this method has unparalleled advantages over traditional post-stack methods,by which we can perform reservoir characterization and seismic data interpretation more quantitatively and efficiently.
Seismic inversion is one of the most widely used technologies for reservoir prediction.Many good results have been obtained but sometimes it fails to differentiate the lithologies and identify the fluids.However,seismic prestack elastic inversion based on rock physics modeling and analysis introduced in this paper is a significant method that can help seismic inversion and interpretation reach a new quantitative (or semi-quantitative) level from traditional qualitative interpretation.By doing rock physics modeling and forward perturbation analysis,we can quantitatively analyze the essential relationships between rock properties and seismic responses and try to find the sensitive elastic properties to the lithology,porosity,fluid type,and reservoir saturation.Finally,standard rock physics templates (RPT) can be built for specific reservoirs to guide seismic inversion interpretation results for reservoir characterization and fluids identification purpose.The gas sand distribution results of the case study in this paper proves that this method has unparalleled advantages over traditional post-stack methods,by which we can perform reservoir characterization and seismic data interpretation more quantitatively and efficiently.
引文
Aki,K.,and Richards,P. G.,1980,Quantitative seismology: Theory and methods: W. H. Freeman and Co.,San Francisco.
Avseth,P.,Mukerji,T.,and Mavko,G.,2005,Quantitative seismic interpretation: Applying rock physics tools to reduce interpretation risk: Cambridge University Press,UK.
Castagna,J. P.,Batzle,M. L.,and Eastwood,R. L.,1985, Relationship between compressional-wave and shear- wave velocities in clastic silicate rocks: Geophysics,50, 571-581.
Castagna,J. P.,Batzle,M. L.,and Kan,T. K.,1993,Rock physics-The link between rock properties and AVO response: in Castagna J. P.,and Backus,M.,Eds., Offset-dependent reflectivity-Theory and practice of AVO analysis,Investigations in Geophysics,No.8,Soc. Explor. Geophys.,135-171.
Fatti,J. L.,Smith,G. C.,Vail,P. G.,and et al.,1994, Detection of gas in sandstone reservoirs using AVO analysis: A 3-D seismic case story using the Geostack technique: Geophysics,59,1362-1376.
Gelfand,V.,Ng,P.,Nguyen,H.,and Larner,K.,1986, Seismic lithologic modeling of amplitude-versus-offset data: 56th Ann. Internat. Mtg. Soc. Explor. Geophys., Expanded Abstracts,334-336.
Gray,D.,Goodway,W.,and Chen,T.,1999,Bridging the gap: Using AVO to detect changes in fundamental elastic constants: 69 th Ann. Internat. Mtg.,Soc. Expl. Geophys., Expanded Abstracts,852-855.
Greenberg,M. L.,and Castagna,J. P.,1992,Shear- wave velocity estimation in porous rocks: Theoretical formation,preliminary verification and applications: Geophysical Prospecting,40,195-210.
Huang,W. C.,Yang,C. C.,Fan,T. Y.,and Ma,S. H.,2007, The application of petrophysical analysis in the reservoir prediction: Progress in Geophysics,22(6),179l-1795.
King,M. S.,2005,Rock-physics developments in seismic exploration:A personal 50-year perspective: Geophysics,70(6),3ND-8ND.
Krief,M.,Grant,J.,Stellingwerff,J.,and Ventre,J.,1990, A petrophysical interpretation using the velocities of P and S wave (full-waveform sonic): The Log Analyst,31, 355-369.
Li,M.,Hou,L. H.,and Zou,C. N.,Yin J. F.,and Liu X.,2005,Geophysical prospecting techniques and applications for lithology and formation reservoirs: Petroleum Industry Press,Beijing.
Mavko,G.,Mukerji,T.,and Dvorkin,J.,2003,The rock physics handbook: Cambridge University Press,UK.
Φdegaard,E.,and Avseth P.,2004,Well log and seismic data analysis using rock physics templates: First Break,22,37-43.
Raymer,L. L.,Hunt,E. R.,and Gardner,J. S.,1980,An improved sonic transit time-to-porosity transform: Soc. Professional Well Log Analysis (SPWLA),21 st Ann. Logg. Symp. Paper P.
Shuey,R. T.,1985,A simplification of the Zoeppritz equation: Geophysics,50,609-614.
Tang,J. W.,2008,Discussion on several issues about seismic rock physics: Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,47(4),398-404.
Xu,S. Y.,and White,R. E.,1995,A new velocity for clay- sand mixtures: Geophysical Prospecting,43(1),91-118.
Xu,S. Y.,and White,R. E.,1996,A physical model for shear wave velocity prediction: Geophysical Prospecting,44,687-717.
Xu,S. F.,Li,Y. G.,Cao,H.,and Yao,F. C.,2009,A review of seismic rock physics: Progress in Geophysics,24(2), 680-691.
Ye,T. R.,Tang,J. M.,and John T.,2009,Application of P wave and shear wave joint inversion for deeper tight gas prediction in west Sichuan basin: CPS/SEG Beijing 2009 International Geophysical Conference & Exposition.
Avseth,P.,Mukerji,T.,and Mavko,G.,2005,Quantitative seismic interpretation: Applying rock physics tools to reduce interpretation risk: Cambridge University Press,UK.
Castagna,J. P.,Batzle,M. L.,and Eastwood,R. L.,1985, Relationship between compressional-wave and shear- wave velocities in clastic silicate rocks: Geophysics,50, 571-581.
Castagna,J. P.,Batzle,M. L.,and Kan,T. K.,1993,Rock physics-The link between rock properties and AVO response: in Castagna J. P.,and Backus,M.,Eds., Offset-dependent reflectivity-Theory and practice of AVO analysis,Investigations in Geophysics,No.8,Soc. Explor. Geophys.,135-171.
Fatti,J. L.,Smith,G. C.,Vail,P. G.,and et al.,1994, Detection of gas in sandstone reservoirs using AVO analysis: A 3-D seismic case story using the Geostack technique: Geophysics,59,1362-1376.
Gelfand,V.,Ng,P.,Nguyen,H.,and Larner,K.,1986, Seismic lithologic modeling of amplitude-versus-offset data: 56th Ann. Internat. Mtg. Soc. Explor. Geophys., Expanded Abstracts,334-336.
Gray,D.,Goodway,W.,and Chen,T.,1999,Bridging the gap: Using AVO to detect changes in fundamental elastic constants: 69 th Ann. Internat. Mtg.,Soc. Expl. Geophys., Expanded Abstracts,852-855.
Greenberg,M. L.,and Castagna,J. P.,1992,Shear- wave velocity estimation in porous rocks: Theoretical formation,preliminary verification and applications: Geophysical Prospecting,40,195-210.
Huang,W. C.,Yang,C. C.,Fan,T. Y.,and Ma,S. H.,2007, The application of petrophysical analysis in the reservoir prediction: Progress in Geophysics,22(6),179l-1795.
King,M. S.,2005,Rock-physics developments in seismic exploration:A personal 50-year perspective: Geophysics,70(6),3ND-8ND.
Krief,M.,Grant,J.,Stellingwerff,J.,and Ventre,J.,1990, A petrophysical interpretation using the velocities of P and S wave (full-waveform sonic): The Log Analyst,31, 355-369.
Li,M.,Hou,L. H.,and Zou,C. N.,Yin J. F.,and Liu X.,2005,Geophysical prospecting techniques and applications for lithology and formation reservoirs: Petroleum Industry Press,Beijing.
Mavko,G.,Mukerji,T.,and Dvorkin,J.,2003,The rock physics handbook: Cambridge University Press,UK.
Φdegaard,E.,and Avseth P.,2004,Well log and seismic data analysis using rock physics templates: First Break,22,37-43.
Raymer,L. L.,Hunt,E. R.,and Gardner,J. S.,1980,An improved sonic transit time-to-porosity transform: Soc. Professional Well Log Analysis (SPWLA),21 st Ann. Logg. Symp. Paper P.
Shuey,R. T.,1985,A simplification of the Zoeppritz equation: Geophysics,50,609-614.
Tang,J. W.,2008,Discussion on several issues about seismic rock physics: Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,47(4),398-404.
Xu,S. Y.,and White,R. E.,1995,A new velocity for clay- sand mixtures: Geophysical Prospecting,43(1),91-118.
Xu,S. Y.,and White,R. E.,1996,A physical model for shear wave velocity prediction: Geophysical Prospecting,44,687-717.
Xu,S. F.,Li,Y. G.,Cao,H.,and Yao,F. C.,2009,A review of seismic rock physics: Progress in Geophysics,24(2), 680-691.
Ye,T. R.,Tang,J. M.,and John T.,2009,Application of P wave and shear wave joint inversion for deeper tight gas prediction in west Sichuan basin: CPS/SEG Beijing 2009 International Geophysical Conference & Exposition.
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