帕米尔东北缘地区构造变形特征与盆山结构
|
摘要
帕米尔东北缘乌泊尔地区是正确认识帕米尔北缘盆山结构和构造变形特征非常关键的地区,本文利用连续电磁剖面(CEMP)资料和地震资料,并结合野外地质调查资料和钻井资料,对帕米尔东北缘乌泊尔地区的盆山结构和构造变形特征进行了研究。认为帕米尔东北缘及其以北地区的盆山结构表现为帕米尔造山带向北冲断和南天山向南冲断所形成的对冲结构;帕米尔山前为基底卷入式构造,古生界—中生界沿高角度的逆冲断层推覆到新近系和第四系之上,形成山前的古生界—中生界逆冲推覆带;北侧由受乌泊尔断裂控制的深部隐伏冲断体系和浅部的第四纪背驮盆地所构成。研究区的新生代构造变形时间开始于上新世晚期,并持续变形至今,形成了下更新统西域组(Q_1x)与下伏上新统、Q_2与Q_1和Q_(3-4)与Q_2之间的不整合。研究区最小构造缩短量为48.6 km,缩短率为48.1%。
Wupoer area is the key area to know the deformation of northeastern Pamir and the basin-range coupling structure between northeastern Pamir tectonic belt and Tarim Basin.Combing with geological survey data and borehole drilling data,this paper studies the deformation and basin-range coupling structure systemically using CEMP and seismic profile data.This paper thinks that the basin-range coupling structure is opposite thrusting structure which is northward thrusting in Pamir tectonic belt and is southward thrusting in southern Tienshan tectonic belt. In front of Pamir tectonic belt there is basement involvement thrust belt which Paleozoic and Mesozoic sequence thrust onto Neogene and Quaternary sequence.In the north,there is a blind thrust system in lower part and Quaternary piggy-back basin in upper part controlled by the Wupoer thrust fault.The Cenozoic deformation of northeastern Pamir tectonic belt began at late Pliocene and lasted to present and caused the formation of unconformities between Xiyu formation of early Pleistocene (Q_1x) and Neogene,middle Pleistocene and early Pleistocene, upper Pleistocene and middle Pleistocene.The deformation minimum shorting quantity and minimum shorting ratio are 48.6 km and 48.1% .
Wupoer area is the key area to know the deformation of northeastern Pamir and the basin-range coupling structure between northeastern Pamir tectonic belt and Tarim Basin.Combing with geological survey data and borehole drilling data,this paper studies the deformation and basin-range coupling structure systemically using CEMP and seismic profile data.This paper thinks that the basin-range coupling structure is opposite thrusting structure which is northward thrusting in Pamir tectonic belt and is southward thrusting in southern Tienshan tectonic belt. In front of Pamir tectonic belt there is basement involvement thrust belt which Paleozoic and Mesozoic sequence thrust onto Neogene and Quaternary sequence.In the north,there is a blind thrust system in lower part and Quaternary piggy-back basin in upper part controlled by the Wupoer thrust fault.The Cenozoic deformation of northeastern Pamir tectonic belt began at late Pliocene and lasted to present and caused the formation of unconformities between Xiyu formation of early Pleistocene (Q_1x) and Neogene,middle Pleistocene and early Pleistocene, upper Pleistocene and middle Pleistocene.The deformation minimum shorting quantity and minimum shorting ratio are 48.6 km and 48.1% .
引文
陈伟,卢华复,施央申.1993平衡剖面计算机模拟及其应用.北京:科学出版社.1-130Chen Wei,Lu Huafu and Shi Yangsheng. 1993． Computer Modeling and Applying of Balance Cross Sections. Beijing:Science Press. 1-130．
陈杰,曲国胜,胡 军,冯先岳.1997帕米尔北缘弧形推覆构造带东段的基本特征与现代地震活动.地震地质,19 (4) :301-312． Chen Jie,Qu Guosheng, Hu Jun and Feng Xianyue. 1997． Arcuate thrust tectonics and its contemporary seismicity in the eastern section of the external zone of the Pamir. Seismology and Geology,19(4) : 301-312．
陈杰,卢演俦,丁国瑜.2001． 塔里木西缘晚新生代造山过程的记录--磨拉石建造及生长地层和生长不整合.第四纪研究,21(6) :528-539． Chen Jie, Lu Yanchou and Ding Guoyu. 2001． Records of Late Cenozoic Mountain building in western Tarim Basin:Molasses, growth strata and growth unconformity. Quaternary Sciences,21 (6) : 528-539．
陈新安,张兴林,屈秋平,周洪清,邱斌,袁琪宇.1999． 塔西南山前构造特征及含油气前景.新疆石油地质,20(6) :468-472． Chen Xin'an,Zhang Xinglin, Qu Qiuping, Zhou Hongqing, Qiu Bin and Yuan Qiyu. 1999． The character and hydrocarbon potential of piedmont structures in southwestern Tarim Basin. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,20(6) : 468-472．
崔军文,郭宪璞,丁孝忠,李朋武,张晓卫.2006． 西昆仑-塔里木盆地盆-山结合带的中、新生代变形构造及其动力学.地学前缘,13(4) :103-118． Cui Junwen,Guo Xianpu, Ding Xiaozhong, Li Pengwu and Zhang Xiaowei. 2006． Mesozoic-Cenozoic deformation structures and their dynamics in the basin-range junction belt of the west Kunlun-Tarim Basin. Earth Science Frontiers,13 (4) : 103-118．
高锐,肖序常,高弘,李秋生,刘训,姜枚,史大年.2002西昆仑-塔里木-天山岩石圈深地震探测综述.地 质通报,21(1) :11-18． Gao Rui,Xiao Xuchang, Gao Hong, Li Qiusheng,Liu Xun,Jiang Mei and Shi Danian. 2002． Summary of deep seismic probing of the lithospheric structure across the west Kunlun-Tarim-Tianshan. Geological Bulletin of China,21 (1) : 11-18．
胡建中,谭应佳,张平,张艳秋.2008． 塔里木盆地西南缘山前带逆冲推覆构造特征.地学前缘,15(2) :222-231． Hu Jianzhong,Tan Yingjia, Zhang Ping and Zhang Yanqiu. 2008． Structural features of Cenozoic thrust-fault belts in the piedmont of southwestern Tarim Basin. Earth Science Frontiers ,15 (2) : 222-231．
李向东,王克卓.2002． 西昆仑山北缘盆山构造转换解析.新疆地质,20(增刊):19-25Li Xiangdong and Wang Kezhuo. 2002． On tectonic transformation of mountains and basins at northern margin of west Kunlun Mountains. Xinjiang Geology,20( suppl. ) : 19-25．
刘生国,肖安成,胡望水2001塔西南坳陷西南缘构造类型与圈闭特征.西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),16(2) :1-9． Liu Shengguo,Xiao Ancheng and Hu Wangshui. 2001． Structural types and trap features of south west border of southwest depression in Talimu Basin. Journal of Xi'an Petroleum Institute( Natural Science Edition) , 16 (2) : 1-9．
楼小挺,刁桂苓,叶国扬,宁杰远.2007帕米尔-兴都库什地区中源地震的空间分布和震源机制解特征.地球物理学报,50(5) :1448-1455． Lou Xiaoting,Diao Guiling, Ye Guoyang and Ning Jieyuan. 2007． Spatial distribution of intermediate earthquakes and focal mechanism solutions in the Pamir-Hindu Kush region. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,50(5) : 1448-1455．
潘家伟,李海冰,Van der Woerd J,孙知明,裴军令,Barrier L,司家亮.2007． 西昆仑山前冲断带晚新生代构造地貌特征.地质通报,26(10) :1368-1379． Pan Jiawei, Li Haibing, Van der Woerd J, Sun Zhiming, Pei Junling, Barrier L and Si Jialiang. 2007． Late Cenozoic morphotectonic features of the thrust belt in the front of the west Kunlun Mountains. Geological Bulletin of China,26 (10) : 1368-1379．
曲国胜,Canerot J,王宗起,赵 民.1996． 造山带弧形构造--西昆仑-帕米尔弧及其预测.地质科学,31(4) :313-326． Qu Guosheng,Canerot J, Wang Zongqi and Zhao Min. 1996． Arc tectonics in orogenic belts. Chinese Journal of Geology ( Scientia Geologica Sinica ) ,31 ( 4 ) : 313-326．
曲国胜,陈杰,陈新安,张兴林,李涛,尹军平,周洪清.1998． 西昆仑-帕米尔造山带及其北缘前陆盆地板内变形构造.地质论评,44(4) :419-429Qu Guosheng,Chen Jie,Chen Xin'an,Zhang Xinglin,Li Tao, Yin Junping and Zhou Hongqing. 1998． Intraplate deformation in the front of the west Kunlun-Pamir arcuate orogenic belt and the southwest Tarim foreland basin. Geological Review ,44(4) : 419-429．
曲国胜,陈杰,陈新安,Canerot J,李亦纲,尹军平,李军,袁琪宇,尹金辉.2001． 塔里木盆地阿图什-八盘水磨反冲构造系统研究,地震地质,23(1) :1-14． Qu Guosheng, Chen Jie, Chen Xin'an, Canerot J, Li Yigang, Yin Junping, Li Jun, Yuan Qiyu and Yin Jinhui. 2001． A study on the back-thrusting system at Atushi-Bapanshuimo in Tarim Basin. Seismology and Geology,23 (1) : 1-14．
沈军,汪一鹏,赵瑞斌,陈杰,曲国胜.2001． 帕米尔东北缘及塔里木盆地西北部弧形构造的扩展特征.地震地质,23(3) :381-389． Shen Jun, Wang Yipeng, Zhao Ruibin, Chen Jie and Qu Guosheng. 2001． Propagation of Cenozoic arcuate structures in northeast Pamir and northwest Tarim Basin. Seismology and Geology, 23 (3) : 381-389．
汪素云,时振梁,环文林.1992 1980年2月14日新疆叶城地震--一次破坏性的中源地震.地震学报,14(2) :137-143． Wang Suyun,Shi Zhenliang and Huan Wenlin. 1992． A ruinous intermediate-focus earthquake in Yecheng city of Xin Jiang in Feb. 14~(th), 1980． Acta Seismologica Sinica, 14(2) : 137-143．
王琪,丁国瑜,乔学军,王晓强.2000． 用GPS研究南天山(伽师)地区现今地壳变形.地震学报,22(3) :263-270． Wang Qi,Ding Guoyu, Qiao Xuejun and Wang Xiaoqiang. 2000． Research on present crustal deformation in the southern Tianshan (Jiashi) , China by GPS geodesy. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 19 (4) : 301-311．
伍秀芳,刘胜,汪新,杨树锋,顾雪梅.2004帕米尔-西昆仑北麓新生代前陆褶皱冲断带构造剖面分析.地质科学,39(2) :260-271．Wu Xiufang,Liu Sheng, Wang Xin, Yang Shufeng and Gu Xuemei. 2004． Analysis on structural sections in the Cenozoic Pamir-western Kunlun foreland fold-and-thrust belt. Chinese Journal of Geology,39 (2) : 260-271．
肖安成,杨树锋,陈汉林,贾承造,魏国齐.2000． 西昆仑山前冲断系的结构特征.地学前缘,7(增刊):128-136．Xiao Ancheng,Yang Shufeng,Chen Hanlin,Jia Chengzao and Wei Guoqi. 2000． Structural characteristics of thrust system in the front of the west Kunlun Mountains. Earth science frontiers, 7 (suppl.) : 128-136．
肖安成1996． 塔里木盆地西南缘西昆仑前陆逆冲-褶皱带主滑脱面深度.江汉石油学院学报,18(1) :19-23．Xiao Ancheng. 1996． Depth of detachment surface in foreland thrust-fold belt of western Kunlun Mountain in southwestern Tarim Basin. Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute,18( 1 ) : 19-23．
肖序常,刘 训,高锐,罗照华.2002． 西昆仑及邻区岩石圈结构构造演化--塔里木南-西昆仑多学科地学断面简要报道.地质通报,21(2) :63-68．Xiao Xuchang, Liu Xun,Gao Rui and Luo Zhaohua. 2002． Lithospheric stucture and tectonic evolution of the west Kunlun and its adjacent areas: Brief report on the south Tarim-west Kunlun multidisciplinary geoscience transect. Geological Bulletin of China,21(2) : 63-68．
张先康,赵金仁,张成科,任青芳,聂文英,成双喜,潘素珍,唐周琼.2002． 帕米尔东北侧地壳结构研究.地球物理学报,45(5) :665-671．Zhang Xiankang, Zhao Jinren, Zhang Chengke, Ren Qingfang, Nie Wenying, Cheng Shuangxi, Pan Suzhen and Tang Zhouqiong. 2002． Crustal structure at the northeast side of the Pamirs. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 45 (5) : 665-671．
Abdrakhmatov K Y ,Aldazhanov S A, Hager B H, Hamburger M W, Herring T A, Kalabaev K B, Makarov V I , Molnar P, Panasyuk S V, Prilepin M T, Reilinger R E, Sadybakasov I S, Souter B J, Trapeznikov Y A, Tsurkov V Y and Zubovich A V. 1996． Relatively recent construction of the Tien Shan inferred from GPS measurements of present-day crustal deformation rates. Nature,384 (6608) : 450-453．
Allen M B,Vincent S J and Wheeler P J. 1999． Late Cenozoic tectonics of Kepingtage thrust zone:Interactions of the Tien Shan and Tarim Basin, northwest China. Tectonics,18 (4) : 639-654．
Burtman V S. 2000． Cenozoic crustal shortening between the Pamir and Tien Shan and a reconstruction of the Pamir-Tien Shan transition zone for the Cretaceous and Palaeogene. Tectonophysics,319 (2) : 69-92．
Fu B H and Awata Y. 2007． Displacement and timing of left-lateral faulting in the Kunlun fault zone,northern Tibet,inferred from geologic and geomorphic features. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,29 (2-3) : 253-265．
Heermance R V, Chen J, Burbank D W and Wang C. 2007． Chronology and tectonic controls of Late Tertiary deposition in the southwestern Tian Shan foreland,NW China. Basin Research,19(4) : 599-632．
Heermance R V,Chen J,Burbank D W and Miao J. 2008． Temporal constraints and pulsed Late Cenozoic deformation during the structural disruption of the active Kashi foreland, northwest China. Tectonics, 27 (6) :TC6012．
Matte P,Tapponnier P,Arnaud N, Bourjot L, Avouac J P, Vidal Q, Pan Y and Wang T. 1996． Tectonics of western Tibet, between the Tarim and the Indus. Earth and Planetary Science Letters ,142 (3-4) : 311-330．
Mikhail L,Bazhenov, Burtman V S and Dvorova A V. 1999． Permian paleomagnetism of the Tien Shan fold belt,central Asia: Post-collisional rotations and deformation. Tectonophysics,312 (2-4) : 303-329．
Mitra S and Namson J S. 1989． Equal-area balancing. American Journal of Science ,289 : 563-599．
M olnar P and Tapponnier P. 1975． Cenozoic tectonics of Asia:Effects on a continental collision. Science,189: 419-426．
Molnar P and Tapponnier P. 1977． The collision between India and Eurasia. Scientific American,236(4) : 30-41．
Molnar P. 1988． Continental tectonics in the aftermath of plate tectonics. Nature, 335: 131-137．
Negredo A M,Replumaz A,Villasenor A and Guillot S. 2007． Modeling the evolution of continental subduction processes in the Pamir-Hindu Kush region. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,259 (1-2) : 212-225．
Robinson A C,Yin A,Manning C E, Harrison T M,Zhang S H and Wang X F. 2004． Tectonic evolution of the northeastern Pamir:Constraints from the northern portion of the Cenozoic Kongur Shan extensional system, western China.Geological Society of American Bulletin, 116 (7-8) : 953-973．
Robinson A C, Yin A, Manning C E, Harrison T M,Zhang S H and Wang X F. 2007． Cenozoic evolution of the eastern Pamir: Implications for strain-accommodation mechanisms at the western end of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 119(7-8) : 882 896．
Sobel E R and Dumitru T A. 1997． Exhumation of the margins of the western Tarim Basin during the Himalayan orogeny. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102 ( B3 ) : 5043-5064．
Ufimtsev G F. 2007． Tectonic relief of Inner Asia between Tarim and Lake Valley. Russian Geology and Geophysics, 48(5) : 408-414．
陈杰,曲国胜,胡 军,冯先岳.1997帕米尔北缘弧形推覆构造带东段的基本特征与现代地震活动.地震地质,19 (4) :301-312． Chen Jie,Qu Guosheng, Hu Jun and Feng Xianyue. 1997． Arcuate thrust tectonics and its contemporary seismicity in the eastern section of the external zone of the Pamir. Seismology and Geology,19(4) : 301-312．
陈杰,卢演俦,丁国瑜.2001． 塔里木西缘晚新生代造山过程的记录--磨拉石建造及生长地层和生长不整合.第四纪研究,21(6) :528-539． Chen Jie, Lu Yanchou and Ding Guoyu. 2001． Records of Late Cenozoic Mountain building in western Tarim Basin:Molasses, growth strata and growth unconformity. Quaternary Sciences,21 (6) : 528-539．
陈新安,张兴林,屈秋平,周洪清,邱斌,袁琪宇.1999． 塔西南山前构造特征及含油气前景.新疆石油地质,20(6) :468-472． Chen Xin'an,Zhang Xinglin, Qu Qiuping, Zhou Hongqing, Qiu Bin and Yuan Qiyu. 1999． The character and hydrocarbon potential of piedmont structures in southwestern Tarim Basin. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,20(6) : 468-472．
崔军文,郭宪璞,丁孝忠,李朋武,张晓卫.2006． 西昆仑-塔里木盆地盆-山结合带的中、新生代变形构造及其动力学.地学前缘,13(4) :103-118． Cui Junwen,Guo Xianpu, Ding Xiaozhong, Li Pengwu and Zhang Xiaowei. 2006． Mesozoic-Cenozoic deformation structures and their dynamics in the basin-range junction belt of the west Kunlun-Tarim Basin. Earth Science Frontiers,13 (4) : 103-118．
高锐,肖序常,高弘,李秋生,刘训,姜枚,史大年.2002西昆仑-塔里木-天山岩石圈深地震探测综述.地 质通报,21(1) :11-18． Gao Rui,Xiao Xuchang, Gao Hong, Li Qiusheng,Liu Xun,Jiang Mei and Shi Danian. 2002． Summary of deep seismic probing of the lithospheric structure across the west Kunlun-Tarim-Tianshan. Geological Bulletin of China,21 (1) : 11-18．
胡建中,谭应佳,张平,张艳秋.2008． 塔里木盆地西南缘山前带逆冲推覆构造特征.地学前缘,15(2) :222-231． Hu Jianzhong,Tan Yingjia, Zhang Ping and Zhang Yanqiu. 2008． Structural features of Cenozoic thrust-fault belts in the piedmont of southwestern Tarim Basin. Earth Science Frontiers ,15 (2) : 222-231．
李向东,王克卓.2002． 西昆仑山北缘盆山构造转换解析.新疆地质,20(增刊):19-25Li Xiangdong and Wang Kezhuo. 2002． On tectonic transformation of mountains and basins at northern margin of west Kunlun Mountains. Xinjiang Geology,20( suppl. ) : 19-25．
刘生国,肖安成,胡望水2001塔西南坳陷西南缘构造类型与圈闭特征.西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),16(2) :1-9． Liu Shengguo,Xiao Ancheng and Hu Wangshui. 2001． Structural types and trap features of south west border of southwest depression in Talimu Basin. Journal of Xi'an Petroleum Institute( Natural Science Edition) , 16 (2) : 1-9．
楼小挺,刁桂苓,叶国扬,宁杰远.2007帕米尔-兴都库什地区中源地震的空间分布和震源机制解特征.地球物理学报,50(5) :1448-1455． Lou Xiaoting,Diao Guiling, Ye Guoyang and Ning Jieyuan. 2007． Spatial distribution of intermediate earthquakes and focal mechanism solutions in the Pamir-Hindu Kush region. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,50(5) : 1448-1455．
潘家伟,李海冰,Van der Woerd J,孙知明,裴军令,Barrier L,司家亮.2007． 西昆仑山前冲断带晚新生代构造地貌特征.地质通报,26(10) :1368-1379． Pan Jiawei, Li Haibing, Van der Woerd J, Sun Zhiming, Pei Junling, Barrier L and Si Jialiang. 2007． Late Cenozoic morphotectonic features of the thrust belt in the front of the west Kunlun Mountains. Geological Bulletin of China,26 (10) : 1368-1379．
曲国胜,Canerot J,王宗起,赵 民.1996． 造山带弧形构造--西昆仑-帕米尔弧及其预测.地质科学,31(4) :313-326． Qu Guosheng,Canerot J, Wang Zongqi and Zhao Min. 1996． Arc tectonics in orogenic belts. Chinese Journal of Geology ( Scientia Geologica Sinica ) ,31 ( 4 ) : 313-326．
曲国胜,陈杰,陈新安,张兴林,李涛,尹军平,周洪清.1998． 西昆仑-帕米尔造山带及其北缘前陆盆地板内变形构造.地质论评,44(4) :419-429Qu Guosheng,Chen Jie,Chen Xin'an,Zhang Xinglin,Li Tao, Yin Junping and Zhou Hongqing. 1998． Intraplate deformation in the front of the west Kunlun-Pamir arcuate orogenic belt and the southwest Tarim foreland basin. Geological Review ,44(4) : 419-429．
曲国胜,陈杰,陈新安,Canerot J,李亦纲,尹军平,李军,袁琪宇,尹金辉.2001． 塔里木盆地阿图什-八盘水磨反冲构造系统研究,地震地质,23(1) :1-14． Qu Guosheng, Chen Jie, Chen Xin'an, Canerot J, Li Yigang, Yin Junping, Li Jun, Yuan Qiyu and Yin Jinhui. 2001． A study on the back-thrusting system at Atushi-Bapanshuimo in Tarim Basin. Seismology and Geology,23 (1) : 1-14．
沈军,汪一鹏,赵瑞斌,陈杰,曲国胜.2001． 帕米尔东北缘及塔里木盆地西北部弧形构造的扩展特征.地震地质,23(3) :381-389． Shen Jun, Wang Yipeng, Zhao Ruibin, Chen Jie and Qu Guosheng. 2001． Propagation of Cenozoic arcuate structures in northeast Pamir and northwest Tarim Basin. Seismology and Geology, 23 (3) : 381-389．
汪素云,时振梁,环文林.1992 1980年2月14日新疆叶城地震--一次破坏性的中源地震.地震学报,14(2) :137-143． Wang Suyun,Shi Zhenliang and Huan Wenlin. 1992． A ruinous intermediate-focus earthquake in Yecheng city of Xin Jiang in Feb. 14~(th), 1980． Acta Seismologica Sinica, 14(2) : 137-143．
王琪,丁国瑜,乔学军,王晓强.2000． 用GPS研究南天山(伽师)地区现今地壳变形.地震学报,22(3) :263-270． Wang Qi,Ding Guoyu, Qiao Xuejun and Wang Xiaoqiang. 2000． Research on present crustal deformation in the southern Tianshan (Jiashi) , China by GPS geodesy. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 19 (4) : 301-311．
伍秀芳,刘胜,汪新,杨树锋,顾雪梅.2004帕米尔-西昆仑北麓新生代前陆褶皱冲断带构造剖面分析.地质科学,39(2) :260-271．Wu Xiufang,Liu Sheng, Wang Xin, Yang Shufeng and Gu Xuemei. 2004． Analysis on structural sections in the Cenozoic Pamir-western Kunlun foreland fold-and-thrust belt. Chinese Journal of Geology,39 (2) : 260-271．
肖安成,杨树锋,陈汉林,贾承造,魏国齐.2000． 西昆仑山前冲断系的结构特征.地学前缘,7(增刊):128-136．Xiao Ancheng,Yang Shufeng,Chen Hanlin,Jia Chengzao and Wei Guoqi. 2000． Structural characteristics of thrust system in the front of the west Kunlun Mountains. Earth science frontiers, 7 (suppl.) : 128-136．
肖安成1996． 塔里木盆地西南缘西昆仑前陆逆冲-褶皱带主滑脱面深度.江汉石油学院学报,18(1) :19-23．Xiao Ancheng. 1996． Depth of detachment surface in foreland thrust-fold belt of western Kunlun Mountain in southwestern Tarim Basin. Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute,18( 1 ) : 19-23．
肖序常,刘 训,高锐,罗照华.2002． 西昆仑及邻区岩石圈结构构造演化--塔里木南-西昆仑多学科地学断面简要报道.地质通报,21(2) :63-68．Xiao Xuchang, Liu Xun,Gao Rui and Luo Zhaohua. 2002． Lithospheric stucture and tectonic evolution of the west Kunlun and its adjacent areas: Brief report on the south Tarim-west Kunlun multidisciplinary geoscience transect. Geological Bulletin of China,21(2) : 63-68．
张先康,赵金仁,张成科,任青芳,聂文英,成双喜,潘素珍,唐周琼.2002． 帕米尔东北侧地壳结构研究.地球物理学报,45(5) :665-671．Zhang Xiankang, Zhao Jinren, Zhang Chengke, Ren Qingfang, Nie Wenying, Cheng Shuangxi, Pan Suzhen and Tang Zhouqiong. 2002． Crustal structure at the northeast side of the Pamirs. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 45 (5) : 665-671．
Abdrakhmatov K Y ,Aldazhanov S A, Hager B H, Hamburger M W, Herring T A, Kalabaev K B, Makarov V I , Molnar P, Panasyuk S V, Prilepin M T, Reilinger R E, Sadybakasov I S, Souter B J, Trapeznikov Y A, Tsurkov V Y and Zubovich A V. 1996． Relatively recent construction of the Tien Shan inferred from GPS measurements of present-day crustal deformation rates. Nature,384 (6608) : 450-453．
Allen M B,Vincent S J and Wheeler P J. 1999． Late Cenozoic tectonics of Kepingtage thrust zone:Interactions of the Tien Shan and Tarim Basin, northwest China. Tectonics,18 (4) : 639-654．
Burtman V S. 2000． Cenozoic crustal shortening between the Pamir and Tien Shan and a reconstruction of the Pamir-Tien Shan transition zone for the Cretaceous and Palaeogene. Tectonophysics,319 (2) : 69-92．
Fu B H and Awata Y. 2007． Displacement and timing of left-lateral faulting in the Kunlun fault zone,northern Tibet,inferred from geologic and geomorphic features. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,29 (2-3) : 253-265．
Heermance R V, Chen J, Burbank D W and Wang C. 2007． Chronology and tectonic controls of Late Tertiary deposition in the southwestern Tian Shan foreland,NW China. Basin Research,19(4) : 599-632．
Heermance R V,Chen J,Burbank D W and Miao J. 2008． Temporal constraints and pulsed Late Cenozoic deformation during the structural disruption of the active Kashi foreland, northwest China. Tectonics, 27 (6) :TC6012．
Matte P,Tapponnier P,Arnaud N, Bourjot L, Avouac J P, Vidal Q, Pan Y and Wang T. 1996． Tectonics of western Tibet, between the Tarim and the Indus. Earth and Planetary Science Letters ,142 (3-4) : 311-330．
Mikhail L,Bazhenov, Burtman V S and Dvorova A V. 1999． Permian paleomagnetism of the Tien Shan fold belt,central Asia: Post-collisional rotations and deformation. Tectonophysics,312 (2-4) : 303-329．
Mitra S and Namson J S. 1989． Equal-area balancing. American Journal of Science ,289 : 563-599．
M olnar P and Tapponnier P. 1975． Cenozoic tectonics of Asia:Effects on a continental collision. Science,189: 419-426．
Molnar P and Tapponnier P. 1977． The collision between India and Eurasia. Scientific American,236(4) : 30-41．
Molnar P. 1988． Continental tectonics in the aftermath of plate tectonics. Nature, 335: 131-137．
Negredo A M,Replumaz A,Villasenor A and Guillot S. 2007． Modeling the evolution of continental subduction processes in the Pamir-Hindu Kush region. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,259 (1-2) : 212-225．
Robinson A C,Yin A,Manning C E, Harrison T M,Zhang S H and Wang X F. 2004． Tectonic evolution of the northeastern Pamir:Constraints from the northern portion of the Cenozoic Kongur Shan extensional system, western China.Geological Society of American Bulletin, 116 (7-8) : 953-973．
Robinson A C, Yin A, Manning C E, Harrison T M,Zhang S H and Wang X F. 2007． Cenozoic evolution of the eastern Pamir: Implications for strain-accommodation mechanisms at the western end of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 119(7-8) : 882 896．
Sobel E R and Dumitru T A. 1997． Exhumation of the margins of the western Tarim Basin during the Himalayan orogeny. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102 ( B3 ) : 5043-5064．
Ufimtsev G F. 2007． Tectonic relief of Inner Asia between Tarim and Lake Valley. Russian Geology and Geophysics, 48(5) : 408-414．
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心