青藏块体东北缘地壳水平应变场数值模拟研究
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摘要
基于青藏块体东北缘1999～2001年GPS结果,分别采用块体整体旋转与线性应变模型和弹性力学有限元法这两类地壳形变数值模拟方法,分析了该区地壳水平应变场特征.结果表明:(1)两类方法在研究地壳形变时各具一定的优势,前者对块体整体运动变形及块体与块体之间的相关性研究具有一定的优势,而后者则较强体现出了应变高值区与深大断层在空间分布的紧密结合性;(2)两类方法所获得的应变高值区具有良好的空间分布一致性,主要集中在阿尔金断裂、祁连山断裂中东段、东昆仑断裂和海原断裂这些深大断裂处及其附近,面压缩值达到了-3×10~(-8)以上,最大剪应变值达到了10×10~(-8)以上;(3)应变高值区的空间分布与中强地震的发生具有一定的对应关系.
Based on the GPS observations in the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet from 1999 to 2001,two methods of simulating the crustal deformation(the overall rotation of the block with the linear strain model and finite element method) are applied to analyze the features of crustal horizontal strain in this area.The result shows that both the two methods have certain advantages in studying crustal deformation.The former is strong in the study of deformation of overall motion of blocks and correlations between blocks,while the latter shows huge superiorities in close associativity of spatial distribution between high-strain areas and faults that are big and deep.High-strain areas determined by the two methods have a better consistency in spatial distribution.They mainly are located at the big and deep faults and its vicinity,such as the Altin Tagh fault,the mid and east of Qilian fault,East Kunlun fault and Haiyuan fault,where the surface compressive strain reaches the value of -3×10~(-8),and the maximum shear strain reaches the value of 10×10~(-8).Finally,it also shows some corresponding relations between seismic activity and high-strain areas.
Based on the GPS observations in the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet from 1999 to 2001,two methods of simulating the crustal deformation(the overall rotation of the block with the linear strain model and finite element method) are applied to analyze the features of crustal horizontal strain in this area.The result shows that both the two methods have certain advantages in studying crustal deformation.The former is strong in the study of deformation of overall motion of blocks and correlations between blocks,while the latter shows huge superiorities in close associativity of spatial distribution between high-strain areas and faults that are big and deep.High-strain areas determined by the two methods have a better consistency in spatial distribution.They mainly are located at the big and deep faults and its vicinity,such as the Altin Tagh fault,the mid and east of Qilian fault,East Kunlun fault and Haiyuan fault,where the surface compressive strain reaches the value of -3×10~(-8),and the maximum shear strain reaches the value of 10×10~(-8).Finally,it also shows some corresponding relations between seismic activity and high-strain areas.
引文
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[15] 李延兴,李智,张静华,等.中国大陆及周边地区的水平应变场[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(2) :222～231． Li Y X,Li Z,Zhang J H, et al. Horizontal strain field in the Chinese mainland and its surrounding areas[J]. Chinese J. Geophys,2004,47(2) :222～231．
[16] 李延兴,张静华,何建坤,等.菲律宾海板块的整体旋转线性应变模型与板内形变-应变场[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5) : 1339～1346． Li Y X, Zhang J H, He J K,et a l. Integral-rotation linear strain model and intraplate deformation-strain field of the Philippine Sea Plate [ J ]. Chinese J. Geophys, 2006,49 ( 5 ) : 1339～1346．
[17] 吴云,等.现今地壳运动与地震前兆研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2002,22(1) :22～28． Wu Y, et al. Researches on current crust movement and earthquake precursors [ J ]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2002,22(1) :22～28．
[2] 瞿伟,张勤,张东菊,等.基于GPS速度场采用RELSM模型分析青藏块体东北缘的应变特征[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24 (1) :67～74． Qu W,Zhang Q, Zhang D J,et al. Uses the RELSM model analysis the deformation-strain Characteristic of the northeast margin of Qinghai-Tibet Block based on the GPS velocity field [J]. Progress in Geophysics,2009,24(1) :67～74．
[3] 吴满路,马寅生,张春山,等.兰州至玛曲地区地应力测量与现今构造应力场特征研究[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5) :1468～ 1474． Wu M L,Ma Y S,Zhang C S,et al. In-situ stress measurement and tectonic stress field study in the region of Lanzhou-Maqu [J]. ChineseJ. Geophys,2008,51(5) :1468～1474．
[4] 张先康,嘉世旭,赵金仁,等.西秦岭东昆仑及邻近地区地壳结构深地震宽角反射P折射剖面结果[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(2) :439～450． Zhang X K,Jia S X,Zhao J R,et al. Crustal structures beneath West Qinling-East Kunlun orogen and its adjacent area Results of wideangle seismic reflection and refraction experiment[J]. Chinese J. Geophys,2008,51(2) :439～450．
[5] 常利军,王椿镛,丁志峰,等.青藏高原东北缘上地幔各向异性研究[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(2) :431～438． Chang L J,Wang C Y,Ding Z F,et al. Seismic anisotropy of upper mantle in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau [J]. Chinese J. Geophys,2008,51(2) :431～438．
[6] 郑勇,陈顒,傅容珊,等.应用非连续性模型模拟断层活动对青藏高原应力应变场的影响[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(5) : 1398～1408． Zheng Y,Chen Y,Fu R S,et al. Simulation of the effects of faults movement on stress and deformation fields of Tibetan Plateau by discontinuous movement models [J]. Chinese J. Geophys, 2007,50 ( 5 ) : 1398 ～ 1408．
[7] 李永华,吴庆举,安张辉,等.青藏高原东北缘地壳S波速度结构与泊松比及其意义[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5) :1359～ 1368． Li Y H,Wu Q J,An Z H,et al. ThePoissonratio and crustal structure across the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau determined from receiver functions [J ]. Chinese J.Geophys,2006,49(5) :1359～1368．
[8] 方颖,江在森,张晶,等.青藏高原现今高分辨率地壳运动特征[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2009,34(3) :399～404． Fang Y,Jiang Z S,Zhang J. High-resolution characteristics of recent crustal movement in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2009,34 (3) :399～404．
[9] 张希,薛富平,王继英.青藏块体东北缘主要断裂带断层形变时序特征与强震关系[J].地震研究,2009,32(1) :1～5． Zhang X, Xue F P, Wang J Y. Time Sequence Features of Fault Deformation of Main Fractures in the Northea stern Margin of Qinghai-Tibet Block and Their Relationship with Strong Earthquakes[J]. Journal of Seismological Research,2009,23(1) :1～5．
[10] 姜卫平,周晓慧,刘经南,等.青藏高原地壳运动与应变的GPS监测研究[J].测绘学报,2008,37(3) :285～292． Jiang W P, Zhou X H, Liu J N, et al. Present-day crustal movement and strain rate in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau from GPS Data[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2008,37(3) :285～292．
[11] 万永革,沈正康,曾跃华,等.青藏高原东北部的库仑应力积累演化对大地震发生的影响[J].地震学报,2007,29(2) :115～129． Wan Y G,Shen Z K,Zeng Y H,et al. Evolution of cumulative coulomb failurestress in northeastern margin of the and its effect on large earthquake occurrence[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 2007,29(2) : 115～129．
[12] 张希,江在森,王琪,等.青藏高原北部地区构造变形特征及与强震关系[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(2) :363～371． Zhang X, Jiang Z S, Wang Qi, et al. Tectonic deformation features of the northern Tibetan plateau and their relationship to strong earthquakes[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2004,19(2) :363～371．
[13] 张希,江在森,王琪,等.1999～2001年青藏块体东北缘地壳水平运动的非震反位错模型及变形分析[J].地震学报,2003,25(4) :374～381． Zhang Xi, Jiang Z S, Wang Qi, et al. Aseismic negative dislocation model and deformation analysis of horizontal crustal movement during 1999～2001 in the northeast margin of Qinghai-Tibet block[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 2003,25 (4) :374～381．
[14] 张晓亮,江在森,陈兵,等.对青藏东北缘现今块体划分、运动及变形的初步研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2002,22 (1) :63～67． Zhang X L,Jiang Z S,Chen B,et al. Preliminary research on present block demarcation, movement and deformation in northeast margin of Qinghai-Tibet[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2002,22(1) :63～67．
[15] 李延兴,李智,张静华,等.中国大陆及周边地区的水平应变场[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(2) :222～231． Li Y X,Li Z,Zhang J H, et al. Horizontal strain field in the Chinese mainland and its surrounding areas[J]. Chinese J. Geophys,2004,47(2) :222～231．
[16] 李延兴,张静华,何建坤,等.菲律宾海板块的整体旋转线性应变模型与板内形变-应变场[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5) : 1339～1346． Li Y X, Zhang J H, He J K,et a l. Integral-rotation linear strain model and intraplate deformation-strain field of the Philippine Sea Plate [ J ]. Chinese J. Geophys, 2006,49 ( 5 ) : 1339～1346．
[17] 吴云,等.现今地壳运动与地震前兆研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2002,22(1) :22～28． Wu Y, et al. Researches on current crust movement and earthquake precursors [ J ]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2002,22(1) :22～28．
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