卫星热红外亮温异常与深水海域天然气水合物藏区分布——以墨西哥湾地区为例
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摘要
以墨西哥湾西北部陆坡区为研究区,利用NOAA/AVHRR热红外影像,通过分析1999年Central Mexico 7.0级地震、1999年Oaxaco 7.5级地震和2003年Colima 7.6级地震3次地震期间与墨西哥湾西北部陆坡区海底天然气水合物藏区对应的海表面上方卫星热红外亮温异常的变化,研究了卫星热红外亮温异常与深水海域天然气水合物藏区分布的关系。研究发现,与墨西哥湾西北部陆坡区海底天然气水合物藏区对应的海表面上方,临震前频繁出现孤立的、带状的、强度较大的卫星热红外亮温异常,该研究结果表明,同次和多次地震临震前,该地区频繁出现孤立、带状、强度较大的卫星热红外亮温异常可能与海底蕴藏着天然气水合物藏有关。
Based on an analysis of satellite thermal infrared brightness temperature anomalies over northwestern Gulf of Mexico continental slope during three earthquakes,the Central Mexico M7.0 earthquake in 1999,the Oaxaco M7.5 earthquake in 1999,and the Colima M7.6 earthquake in 2003,the relationship that between satellite thermal infrared brightness temperature anomalies and the distribution of deep-water oceanic gas hydrates was researched by using NOAA/AVHRR thermal infrared images.The phenomena were discovered that the isolated,zonal and stronger satellite thermal infrared brightness temperature anomalies areas appear frequently over deep-water oceanic gas hydrates on northwestern Gulf of Mexico continental slope before the earthquakes burst out.Above results show that these anomalies relate with gas hydrates in seafloor possibly.
Based on an analysis of satellite thermal infrared brightness temperature anomalies over northwestern Gulf of Mexico continental slope during three earthquakes,the Central Mexico M7.0 earthquake in 1999,the Oaxaco M7.5 earthquake in 1999,and the Colima M7.6 earthquake in 2003,the relationship that between satellite thermal infrared brightness temperature anomalies and the distribution of deep-water oceanic gas hydrates was researched by using NOAA/AVHRR thermal infrared images.The phenomena were discovered that the isolated,zonal and stronger satellite thermal infrared brightness temperature anomalies areas appear frequently over deep-water oceanic gas hydrates on northwestern Gulf of Mexico continental slope before the earthquakes burst out.Above results show that these anomalies relate with gas hydrates in seafloor possibly.
引文
[1]强祖基,孔令昌,王弋平,等.地球放气、热红外异常与地震活动[J].科学通报,1992,37(24):2259-2262.
[2]强祖基,赁常恭,李玲芝,等.卫星热红外图像亮温异常—短临震兆[J].中国科学(D辑),1998,28(6):564-573.
[3]强祖基,常恭,赵勇,等.瞬时地壳运动与地震短临预报[J].地学前缘,1995,2(1-2):213-224.
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[5]徐秀登,强祖基,赁常恭.临震卫星热红外异常与地面增温异常[J].科学通报,1991,36(4):291-294.
[6]徐秀登,强祖基,赁常恭.突发性地面增温与临震前兆—以1988年澜沧、耿马7.6,7.2级地震为例[J].地震地质,1990,12(3):243-250.
[7]徐秀登,强祖基,赁常恭.卫星热红外图像与震兆异常—澜沧地震前热红外图像的启示[J].环境遥感,1991,6(4):261-266.
[8]徐秀登,强祖基,赁常恭,等.1976年唐山地震前地面增温异常[J].科学通报,1992,37(18):1684-1687.
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[10]强祖基,杜乐天.地球排气与森林火灾和地震活动[J].地学前缘,2001,8(2):235-245.
[11]强祖基,赁常恭.青海共和7级地震卫星热红外临震增温前兆[J].现代地质,1992,6(3):297-300.
[12]赁常恭,王宣吉,强祖基.卫星热红外异常增温与常熟临震前兆[J].科学通报,1992,9:821-824.
[13]赁常恭,王宣吉,强祖基.用气象卫星遥测我国台湾地震[J].科学通报,1993,38(16):1502-1505.
[14]王洪涛,强祖基.应用卫星热红外异常预测地震的研究[J].地球科学进展,1995,10(6)537-541.
[15]孔令昌,强祖基.台湾海峡7.3级强震前的热红外增温异常[J].地震学报,1997,3:34-37.
[16]郑兰哲,强祖基,赁常恭.卫星热红外异常影像在地震短临预报中的应用[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,1996,21(6):665-668.
[17]Tronin,A.A.,M.Hayakama,and O.A.Molchanov.Thermal IR satellite data application forearthquake research in Japan and China[J].Journal of Geodynamics,2002,(33):519-534.
[18]Tronin,A.A.,P.F.Biagi,O.A.Molchanov,et al.Temperature variations related to earthquakesfrom simultaneous observation at the ground stations and by satellites in Kamchatka area[J].Physicsand Chemistry of the Earth,2004,29:501-506.
[19]Tronin,A.A.,Atmosphere lithosphere coupling,Thermal anomalies on the earth surface in seismicprocesses[C].∥Hayakawa,M.,O.A.Molchanov,Seismo Electromagnetics:Lithosphere-Atmos-phere-Ionosphere Coupling.TERRAPUB,Tokyo,2002,173-176.
[20]Tronin,A.A.,Satellite thermal survey-a new tool for the studies of seismoactive regions[J].Interna-tional Journal of Remote Sensing,1996,17:1439-1455.
[21]Catherine,Z..Temperature rise hint at earthquake prediction.The World s No.1 Science&Technolo-gy News Service,2001,14/12.
[22]Tramutoli,V.,G.D.Bello,N.Pergola,et al.Robust satellite techniques for remote sensing of seis-mically active areas[J].Annali di Geofisica,2001,44:295?312.
[23]Kozak,L.V.,I.Dzubenkom,and V.M.Ivchenko.Temperature and thermosphere dynamics behav-ior analysis over earthquake epicenters from satellite measurements[J].Physics and Chemistry of theEarth,2004,29:507-515.
[24]强祖基,孔令昌,郭满红,等.实验室模拟卫星热红外增温机制的研究[J].科学通报,1996,96.
[25]强祖基,孔令昌,郭满红,等.卫星热红外增温机制的实验研究[J].地震学报,1997,19(2):197-201.
[26]车用太,鱼金子,刘五洲.地壳放气动态监测与张北-尚义Ms6.2级地震预报[J].地质论评,1999,45(1):59-65.
[27]孔令昌,强祖基.地壳突发性放气与灾害事件的研究[J].西北地震学报,1996,18(1):42-46.
[28]强祖基,赁常恭.实验室模拟卫星热红外增温机制的研究[J].科学通报,1995,40(1):96.
[29]Sugisaki,R.,I.Takamori,N.Koichiro,et al.Gas geochemical changes at mineral springs associatedwith the 1995 southern Hyogo earthquake(M=7.2)[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1996,139:239-249.
[30]Glammanco,S.,S.Gurrieri,and M.Valenza.Soil CO2degassing along tectonic structures of MountEtna(Sicily):the Pernicana fault[J].Applied Geochemistry,1997,12:429-436.
[31]Parello,F.,W.D.Alessandro,P.Bonfanti,et al.Subsurface gases in selected sites of the Mount Et-na(Sicily)[J].Acta Vulcanol,1995,7:35-42.
[31]张明编译.MARION DUFRESNE调查船北墨西哥湾航次总结[J].海洋地质,2003,1:27-35.
[2]强祖基,赁常恭,李玲芝,等.卫星热红外图像亮温异常—短临震兆[J].中国科学(D辑),1998,28(6):564-573.
[3]强祖基,常恭,赵勇,等.瞬时地壳运动与地震短临预报[J].地学前缘,1995,2(1-2):213-224.
[4]强祖基,徐秀登,赁常恭.卫星热红外异常—临震前兆[J].科学通报,1990,35(17):1324-13271.
[5]徐秀登,强祖基,赁常恭.临震卫星热红外异常与地面增温异常[J].科学通报,1991,36(4):291-294.
[6]徐秀登,强祖基,赁常恭.突发性地面增温与临震前兆—以1988年澜沧、耿马7.6,7.2级地震为例[J].地震地质,1990,12(3):243-250.
[7]徐秀登,强祖基,赁常恭.卫星热红外图像与震兆异常—澜沧地震前热红外图像的启示[J].环境遥感,1991,6(4):261-266.
[8]徐秀登,强祖基,赁常恭,等.1976年唐山地震前地面增温异常[J].科学通报,1992,37(18):1684-1687.
[9]徐秀登,徐向民,马升灯,等.临震大气增温异常成因的初步认识[J].地震学报,1995,17(1):123-127.
[10]强祖基,杜乐天.地球排气与森林火灾和地震活动[J].地学前缘,2001,8(2):235-245.
[11]强祖基,赁常恭.青海共和7级地震卫星热红外临震增温前兆[J].现代地质,1992,6(3):297-300.
[12]赁常恭,王宣吉,强祖基.卫星热红外异常增温与常熟临震前兆[J].科学通报,1992,9:821-824.
[13]赁常恭,王宣吉,强祖基.用气象卫星遥测我国台湾地震[J].科学通报,1993,38(16):1502-1505.
[14]王洪涛,强祖基.应用卫星热红外异常预测地震的研究[J].地球科学进展,1995,10(6)537-541.
[15]孔令昌,强祖基.台湾海峡7.3级强震前的热红外增温异常[J].地震学报,1997,3:34-37.
[16]郑兰哲,强祖基,赁常恭.卫星热红外异常影像在地震短临预报中的应用[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,1996,21(6):665-668.
[17]Tronin,A.A.,M.Hayakama,and O.A.Molchanov.Thermal IR satellite data application forearthquake research in Japan and China[J].Journal of Geodynamics,2002,(33):519-534.
[18]Tronin,A.A.,P.F.Biagi,O.A.Molchanov,et al.Temperature variations related to earthquakesfrom simultaneous observation at the ground stations and by satellites in Kamchatka area[J].Physicsand Chemistry of the Earth,2004,29:501-506.
[19]Tronin,A.A.,Atmosphere lithosphere coupling,Thermal anomalies on the earth surface in seismicprocesses[C].∥Hayakawa,M.,O.A.Molchanov,Seismo Electromagnetics:Lithosphere-Atmos-phere-Ionosphere Coupling.TERRAPUB,Tokyo,2002,173-176.
[20]Tronin,A.A.,Satellite thermal survey-a new tool for the studies of seismoactive regions[J].Interna-tional Journal of Remote Sensing,1996,17:1439-1455.
[21]Catherine,Z..Temperature rise hint at earthquake prediction.The World s No.1 Science&Technolo-gy News Service,2001,14/12.
[22]Tramutoli,V.,G.D.Bello,N.Pergola,et al.Robust satellite techniques for remote sensing of seis-mically active areas[J].Annali di Geofisica,2001,44:295?312.
[23]Kozak,L.V.,I.Dzubenkom,and V.M.Ivchenko.Temperature and thermosphere dynamics behav-ior analysis over earthquake epicenters from satellite measurements[J].Physics and Chemistry of theEarth,2004,29:507-515.
[24]强祖基,孔令昌,郭满红,等.实验室模拟卫星热红外增温机制的研究[J].科学通报,1996,96.
[25]强祖基,孔令昌,郭满红,等.卫星热红外增温机制的实验研究[J].地震学报,1997,19(2):197-201.
[26]车用太,鱼金子,刘五洲.地壳放气动态监测与张北-尚义Ms6.2级地震预报[J].地质论评,1999,45(1):59-65.
[27]孔令昌,强祖基.地壳突发性放气与灾害事件的研究[J].西北地震学报,1996,18(1):42-46.
[28]强祖基,赁常恭.实验室模拟卫星热红外增温机制的研究[J].科学通报,1995,40(1):96.
[29]Sugisaki,R.,I.Takamori,N.Koichiro,et al.Gas geochemical changes at mineral springs associatedwith the 1995 southern Hyogo earthquake(M=7.2)[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1996,139:239-249.
[30]Glammanco,S.,S.Gurrieri,and M.Valenza.Soil CO2degassing along tectonic structures of MountEtna(Sicily):the Pernicana fault[J].Applied Geochemistry,1997,12:429-436.
[31]Parello,F.,W.D.Alessandro,P.Bonfanti,et al.Subsurface gases in selected sites of the Mount Et-na(Sicily)[J].Acta Vulcanol,1995,7:35-42.
[31]张明编译.MARION DUFRESNE调查船北墨西哥湾航次总结[J].海洋地质,2003,1:27-35.
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