滇西北地区潜在震源区的划分原则和方法
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摘要
在收集、分析前人研究成果的基础上,参考近年来多次工程场地地震安全性评价的野外调查与分析结果,确定了滇西北及其邻区的地震构造标志,进而在该地区重新划分潜在震源区。在有强震发生的地区依地震重复原则划分潜在震源区并确定其震级上限;对于发震构造明显但没有强震记录的地区,根据发震构造规模和活动性特征,依构造类比原则划分潜在震源区;对于活动断裂分段性研究较为清楚的地方,潜在震源区被划分得更细一些;而在断裂隐伏区,则依据地震活动图像及地球物理异常判断潜在源震区的长轴方向。
Lying on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, the northwestern Yunnan Province has attracted many tourists all over the world for its beautiful scenery and maltinational cultures. At the same time, however, it is also famous for frequent destructive earthquakes that have caused serious loss of life and properties. With rapid economic development, deficiency of electric power in China has become very serious. Therefore, it is inevitable to build a lot of hydropower stations in southwestern China, where hydropower resources are very abundant. A series of dams are planed to construct along the Jinshajiang River. The seismic safety evaluation should be done before the construction of hydropower station, while the appropriate delineation of potential seismic source (PSS) is a key point of the evaluation. In the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, the distribution and upper bound magnitude of the PSS affect the determination of the design parameters in different engineering sites. For this reason, we have collected the former research results and the data obtained from recent geologic investigation on engineering sites of a series of hydropower stations and on regional seismicity. In order to get an insight into the seismotectonic indicator for the northwestern Yunnan Province, we have analyzed the seismogenic structures of several typical strong earthquakes, including the 1515 Yongsheng M 73/4, 1925 Dali M 7 0 and 1996 Lijiang M 7 0, and delineate again the PSS for the northwestern Yunnan Province. The following principles and methods have been applied to the delineation of PSS: In the region where strong earthquake has occurred, upper bound magnitude of PSS is determined in the light of “Earthquake Recurrence” principle; in the region where seismogenic structures are clear but no strong earthquake was recorded, PSS are delineated according to “Tectonic Analog” principle; in the region where the segmentation of active fault has been studied thoroughly, the PSS can be demarcated precisely; early middle Pleistocene faults can be taken as tectonic indicator for moderate strong earthquake; in the region of buried active fault, images of seismic activity and geophysical anomaly can be used to determine the extension direction of the PSS. In the studied region, 21 PSS are delineated with different upper bound magnitude, among which 1 is of upper bound magnitude 8 0, 3 are of magnitude 7 5, 9 are of magnitude 7 0, and 8 are of magnitude 6 5.
Lying on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, the northwestern Yunnan Province has attracted many tourists all over the world for its beautiful scenery and maltinational cultures. At the same time, however, it is also famous for frequent destructive earthquakes that have caused serious loss of life and properties. With rapid economic development, deficiency of electric power in China has become very serious. Therefore, it is inevitable to build a lot of hydropower stations in southwestern China, where hydropower resources are very abundant. A series of dams are planed to construct along the Jinshajiang River. The seismic safety evaluation should be done before the construction of hydropower station, while the appropriate delineation of potential seismic source (PSS) is a key point of the evaluation. In the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, the distribution and upper bound magnitude of the PSS affect the determination of the design parameters in different engineering sites. For this reason, we have collected the former research results and the data obtained from recent geologic investigation on engineering sites of a series of hydropower stations and on regional seismicity. In order to get an insight into the seismotectonic indicator for the northwestern Yunnan Province, we have analyzed the seismogenic structures of several typical strong earthquakes, including the 1515 Yongsheng M 73/4, 1925 Dali M 7 0 and 1996 Lijiang M 7 0, and delineate again the PSS for the northwestern Yunnan Province. The following principles and methods have been applied to the delineation of PSS: In the region where strong earthquake has occurred, upper bound magnitude of PSS is determined in the light of “Earthquake Recurrence” principle; in the region where seismogenic structures are clear but no strong earthquake was recorded, PSS are delineated according to “Tectonic Analog” principle; in the region where the segmentation of active fault has been studied thoroughly, the PSS can be demarcated precisely; early middle Pleistocene faults can be taken as tectonic indicator for moderate strong earthquake; in the region of buried active fault, images of seismic activity and geophysical anomaly can be used to determine the extension direction of the PSS. In the studied region, 21 PSS are delineated with different upper bound magnitude, among which 1 is of upper bound magnitude 8 0, 3 are of magnitude 7 5, 9 are of magnitude 7 0, and 8 are of magnitude 6 5.
引文
中国地震局地质研究所,2003,金沙江金安桥水电站工程场地地震安全性评价和水库诱发地震评价(项目报告)。
中国地震局地质研究所,2004,金沙江阿海水电站工程场地地震安全性评价和水库诱发地震评价(项目报告)。
中国地震局地质研究所,2002,中甸-龙蟠-乔后断裂活动性鉴定与金沙江龙蟠-上虎跳峡坝段区地震基本烈度复核研究工作报告。
②③中国地震局地质研究所,2004,金沙江虎跳峡水电站工程场地地震安全性评价和水库诱发地震评价(项目报告)。
[2][3][4]同第762页[1][2][3]。
国家地震局.1996.中国地震烈度区划图(1990)概论[M].北京:地震出版社.StateSeismologicalBureau.1996.AnOutlineofSeismicZonationMapofChina(1990)[M].SeismologicalPress,Beijing(inChinese).
国家地震局地质研究所,云南省地震局.1990.滇西北地区活动断裂[M].北京:地震出版社.
InstituteofGeology,StateSeismologicalBureau,SeismologicalBureauofYunnanProvince.1990.ActiveFaultsinNorth westernYunnanProvince[M].SeismologicalPress,Beijing(inChinese).
虢顺民,张靖,李祥根,等.1984.云南红河断裂带北段断裂位错与地震重复发生的时间间隔[J].地震地质,6(1):1—12.
GUOShun min,ZHANGJing,LIXiang gen,etal.1984.FaultdisplacementandrecurrenceintervalsofearthquakesatthenorthernsegmentoftheHongheFaultzone,YunnanProvince[J].SeismologyandGeology,6(1):1—12(inChi nese).
虢顺民,向宏发,张靖,等.1988.1515年云南永胜地震形变带及震级讨论[J].地震研究,11(2):153—162.
GUOShun min,XIANGHong fa,ZHANGJing,etal.1988.Discussiononthedeformationbeltandmagnitudeofthe1515YongshengEarthquakeinYunnanProvince[J].JournalofSeismologicalResearch,11(2):153—162(inChinese).
皇甫岗.1997.1996年2月3日云南丽江70级地震[J].地震研究,20(1):1—8.
HUANGFUGang.1997.TheM7.0LijiangearthquakeinYunnanonFebruary3,1996[J].JournalofSeismologicalRe search,20(1):1—8(inChinese).
李,汪良谋.1975.云南川西地区地震地质基本特征的探讨[J].地质科学,4:308—325.
LIPing,WANGLiang mou.1975.ResearchonbasicseismologicalcharacteristicsofYunnanandwesternSichuanregion[J].ScientiaGeologicaSinica,4:308—325(inChinese).
刘光勋,李方全,李桂荣,等.1986.我国滇西北地震活动区的活动构造与应力状态[J].地震地质,8(1):1—10.
LIUGuang xun,LIFang quan,LIGui rong,etal.1986.Activetectonicsandstateofstressinseismicregionofnorth westYunnanProvince,China[J].SeismologyandGeology,8(1):1—10(inChinese).
向宏发,虢顺民,徐锡伟,等.2000.川滇南部地区活动地块划分与现今运动特征初析[J].地震地质,22(3):253—264.
XIANGHong fa,GUOShun min,XUXi wei,etal.2000.Activeblockdivisionandpresent daymotionfeaturesofthesouthregionofSichuanYunnanProvinces[J].SeismologyandGeology,22(3):253—264(inChinese).
向宏发,徐锡伟,虢顺民,等.2002.丽江-小金河断裂第四纪以来的左旋逆推运动及其构造地质意义[J].地震地质,24(2):188—198.
XIANGHong fa,XUXi wei,GUOShun min,etal.2002.SinistralthrustingalongtheLijiangXiaojinheFaultsinceQua ternaryanditsgeologic tectonicsignificance[J].SeismologyandGeology,24(2):188—198(inChinese).
鄢家全,贾素娟.1996.我国东北和华北地区中强地震潜在震源区的划分原则和方法[J].中国地震,12(2):173—194.
YANJia quan,JIASu juan.1996.TheprincipleandmethodologyofdelineationofpotentialseismicsourcesformoderateearthquakesinNortheastandNorthChina[J].EarthquakeResearchinChina,12(2):173—194(inChinese).
云南省地震局,滇西地震预报实验场.1998.一九九六年丽江地震[M].北京:地震出版社.
SeismologicalBureauofYunnanProvince,WesternYunnanEarthquakePredictionTestField.1998.TheLijiangEarthquakeof1996[M].SeismologicalPress,Beijing(inChinese).
张裕明.1992.在确定潜在震源区中地震和地质资料的应用[J].地震地质,14(3):275—278.
ZHANGYu ming.1992.Determinationofpotentialearthquakesourcefrombothseismicandgeologicaldata[J].SeismologyandGeology,14(3):275—278(inChinese).
周本刚,张裕明,董瑞树,等.1997.划分潜在震源区的地震地质规则研究[J].中国地震,13(3):241—252.
ZHOUBen gang,ZhangYu ming,DONGRui shu,etal.1997.Studyonthegeologicalstructuralcriteriaondeterminationofpotentialearthquakeregion[J].EarthquakeResearchinChina,13(3):241—252(inChinese).
周庆,叶洪.2002.集成遗传算法及BP算法的潜在震源区划分[J].地震学报,24(6):647—652.
ZHOUQing,YEHong.2002.DemarcationofpotentialseismicsourcesonintegrationofgeneticalgorithmsandBPalgorithms[J].ActaSeismologicaSinica,24(6):647—652(inChinese).
中国地震局地质研究所,2004,金沙江阿海水电站工程场地地震安全性评价和水库诱发地震评价(项目报告)。
中国地震局地质研究所,2002,中甸-龙蟠-乔后断裂活动性鉴定与金沙江龙蟠-上虎跳峡坝段区地震基本烈度复核研究工作报告。
②③中国地震局地质研究所,2004,金沙江虎跳峡水电站工程场地地震安全性评价和水库诱发地震评价(项目报告)。
[2][3][4]同第762页[1][2][3]。
国家地震局.1996.中国地震烈度区划图(1990)概论[M].北京:地震出版社.StateSeismologicalBureau.1996.AnOutlineofSeismicZonationMapofChina(1990)[M].SeismologicalPress,Beijing(inChinese).
国家地震局地质研究所,云南省地震局.1990.滇西北地区活动断裂[M].北京:地震出版社.
InstituteofGeology,StateSeismologicalBureau,SeismologicalBureauofYunnanProvince.1990.ActiveFaultsinNorth westernYunnanProvince[M].SeismologicalPress,Beijing(inChinese).
虢顺民,张靖,李祥根,等.1984.云南红河断裂带北段断裂位错与地震重复发生的时间间隔[J].地震地质,6(1):1—12.
GUOShun min,ZHANGJing,LIXiang gen,etal.1984.FaultdisplacementandrecurrenceintervalsofearthquakesatthenorthernsegmentoftheHongheFaultzone,YunnanProvince[J].SeismologyandGeology,6(1):1—12(inChi nese).
虢顺民,向宏发,张靖,等.1988.1515年云南永胜地震形变带及震级讨论[J].地震研究,11(2):153—162.
GUOShun min,XIANGHong fa,ZHANGJing,etal.1988.Discussiononthedeformationbeltandmagnitudeofthe1515YongshengEarthquakeinYunnanProvince[J].JournalofSeismologicalResearch,11(2):153—162(inChinese).
皇甫岗.1997.1996年2月3日云南丽江70级地震[J].地震研究,20(1):1—8.
HUANGFUGang.1997.TheM7.0LijiangearthquakeinYunnanonFebruary3,1996[J].JournalofSeismologicalRe search,20(1):1—8(inChinese).
李,汪良谋.1975.云南川西地区地震地质基本特征的探讨[J].地质科学,4:308—325.
LIPing,WANGLiang mou.1975.ResearchonbasicseismologicalcharacteristicsofYunnanandwesternSichuanregion[J].ScientiaGeologicaSinica,4:308—325(inChinese).
刘光勋,李方全,李桂荣,等.1986.我国滇西北地震活动区的活动构造与应力状态[J].地震地质,8(1):1—10.
LIUGuang xun,LIFang quan,LIGui rong,etal.1986.Activetectonicsandstateofstressinseismicregionofnorth westYunnanProvince,China[J].SeismologyandGeology,8(1):1—10(inChinese).
向宏发,虢顺民,徐锡伟,等.2000.川滇南部地区活动地块划分与现今运动特征初析[J].地震地质,22(3):253—264.
XIANGHong fa,GUOShun min,XUXi wei,etal.2000.Activeblockdivisionandpresent daymotionfeaturesofthesouthregionofSichuanYunnanProvinces[J].SeismologyandGeology,22(3):253—264(inChinese).
向宏发,徐锡伟,虢顺民,等.2002.丽江-小金河断裂第四纪以来的左旋逆推运动及其构造地质意义[J].地震地质,24(2):188—198.
XIANGHong fa,XUXi wei,GUOShun min,etal.2002.SinistralthrustingalongtheLijiangXiaojinheFaultsinceQua ternaryanditsgeologic tectonicsignificance[J].SeismologyandGeology,24(2):188—198(inChinese).
鄢家全,贾素娟.1996.我国东北和华北地区中强地震潜在震源区的划分原则和方法[J].中国地震,12(2):173—194.
YANJia quan,JIASu juan.1996.TheprincipleandmethodologyofdelineationofpotentialseismicsourcesformoderateearthquakesinNortheastandNorthChina[J].EarthquakeResearchinChina,12(2):173—194(inChinese).
云南省地震局,滇西地震预报实验场.1998.一九九六年丽江地震[M].北京:地震出版社.
SeismologicalBureauofYunnanProvince,WesternYunnanEarthquakePredictionTestField.1998.TheLijiangEarthquakeof1996[M].SeismologicalPress,Beijing(inChinese).
张裕明.1992.在确定潜在震源区中地震和地质资料的应用[J].地震地质,14(3):275—278.
ZHANGYu ming.1992.Determinationofpotentialearthquakesourcefrombothseismicandgeologicaldata[J].SeismologyandGeology,14(3):275—278(inChinese).
周本刚,张裕明,董瑞树,等.1997.划分潜在震源区的地震地质规则研究[J].中国地震,13(3):241—252.
ZHOUBen gang,ZhangYu ming,DONGRui shu,etal.1997.Studyonthegeologicalstructuralcriteriaondeterminationofpotentialearthquakeregion[J].EarthquakeResearchinChina,13(3):241—252(inChinese).
周庆,叶洪.2002.集成遗传算法及BP算法的潜在震源区划分[J].地震学报,24(6):647—652.
ZHOUQing,YEHong.2002.DemarcationofpotentialseismicsourcesonintegrationofgeneticalgorithmsandBPalgorithms[J].ActaSeismologicaSinica,24(6):647—652(inChinese).
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