钻柱振动倒谱分析及其钻头源信号提取方法研究
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摘要
随钻地震参考信号处理的关键是从众多噪音成分中提取较弱的钻头源信号.钻头随机激励源信号由于其频率范围宽,持续时间短,易受钻柱和其他机器噪音的影响.倒谱分析方法是一种非线性滤波技术,该技术不但可以将时域卷积信号转变为倒时域信号的相加,而且通过窗函数的选择,还可消除结构混响,提取源信号.本文根据钻柱模拟实验数据,利用了倒谱滤波技术进行瞬态源信号的提取,并用该方法进行SWD参考信号的处理,从而达到钻头源信号强化的目的.
Extracting the effective signals from bit among the noises from rigs and machines on ground is a key step in SWD(Seismic while drilling) pilot data preprocessing.Source signal from bit,because of the broad range of frequencies and short time duration,can be easily affected by noises from rigs and machines.Cepstrum analysis is a nonlinear filtering technique,can change the convoluted signals in time domain to a sum of signals in frequency domain.This method can remove the structural reverberation to extract the source signals by selecting a window function. In this paper,we discuss the cepstral filtering and extract the transient source signals according to the data of drill string simulated experiment.Furthermore,SWD pilot data were processed by using this method in order to realize the intensifying of bit signals.
Extracting the effective signals from bit among the noises from rigs and machines on ground is a key step in SWD(Seismic while drilling) pilot data preprocessing.Source signal from bit,because of the broad range of frequencies and short time duration,can be easily affected by noises from rigs and machines.Cepstrum analysis is a nonlinear filtering technique,can change the convoluted signals in time domain to a sum of signals in frequency domain.This method can remove the structural reverberation to extract the source signals by selecting a window function. In this paper,we discuss the cepstral filtering and extract the transient source signals according to the data of drill string simulated experiment.Furthermore,SWD pilot data were processed by using this method in order to realize the intensifying of bit signals.
引文
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[2] Deily F H,Dareing D W,Paff G H,et al.Downhole measurements of Drill String Forces and Motions,Transaction of American Society of Mechanical Engineering for Industry,1968． 217～225
[3] Lutz J,Raynaud M,Gstalder S,et al.Instantaneous logging based on a dynamic theory of drilling.Journal of Petroleum Technology,1972,24:750～758
[4] Rector J W.Utilization of drill bit vibrations as a downhole seismic source[Ph.D.thesis].California:Stanford University,1990
[5] Clement K.Multichannel seismic experiment with a drill-bit source.Stanford University,1990
[6] Rector J W,Marion B P.The use of drill-bit energy as a downhole seismic source.Geophysics,1991,56:628～634
[7] Meehan R,Haldorsen J.Rekindling Interest in Seismic While Drilling.Oilfield Review,Jan 1993． 4～13
[8] Jaob B,Haldorsen U,Douglas E,et al.Walkaway VSP using drill noise as a source.Geophysics,1995,60(4) :978～997
[9] Flavio P,Trieste,Milano.Seismic while drilling use of pilot signals with downhole motor drilling.SEG Expanded Abstracts,1998,17:147～150
[10] 陆斌,葛洪魁,吴何珍等.利用相关域小波变换进行SWD资料预处理.地球物理学报,2009,52(9) :2349～2356 Lu B,Ge H K,Wu H Z,et al.SWD data preprocessing using wavelet transform of correlation domain.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(9) :2349～2356
[11] Poletto F,Malusa M,Miranda F.Numerical modeling and interpretation of drillstring waves.Geophysics,2001,66:1569～1581
[12] Flavio P,Francesco M.Seismic while drilling fundamentals of drill bit seismic for exploration.Handbook of Geophysical Exploration,2004． 35
[13] 张绍槐,韩继勇,朱根法.随钻地震技术的理论及工程应用.石油学报,1999,20(2) :67～72 Zhang S H,Han J Y,Zhu G F.The engineering application and theory of seismic while drilling.Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),1999,20(2) :67～72
[14] Borgert B P,Healy M J,Tukey J W.The quefrency analysis of time series for echoes:cepstrum,pseudo autocovariance,cross-cepstrum and saphe craking:Proc.Symp.On Time Series Analysis,Rosenblatt,M.Ed.:John Wiley and Sons,Inc.1963,209～243
[15] 郝志勇,舒歌群,薛远等.内燃机气缸压力振动识别研究.内燃机学报,1994,112(1) :43～48 Hao Z Y,Shu G Q,Xue Y,et al.An investigation of identifying cylinder pressure of I.C.Engine by vibration measurement.Transactions of CSICE.1994,112(1) :43～48
[16] Ulrych T J.Application of homomorphic deconvolution to seismology.Geophysics,1971,36:650～660
[17] Oppenheim A V,Schafer R W.Digital Signal Processing.New Jersey:Prentice Hall,1975
[18] Drumheller D S.Attenuation of sound waves in drill strings.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1993,94(4) :2387～2396
[19] Macpherson J D,Jogi P,Baker Hughes Inteq,et al.Application and analysis of simultaneous near bit and surface dynamics measurements.1998,IADC/SPE 39397
[20] 梁凤岗,徐敏.瞬态信号波形重构及其应用.哈尔滨工程大学学报.1997,18:20～27 Liang F G,Xu M.Waveform reconstruction of transient signal and its application.Journal of Harbin Engineering University(in Chinese),1997,18:20～27
[21] 钱济国.倒谱分析及其在机械故障诊断中的应用.动态分析与测试技术,1996,4:30～33 Qian J G.Cepstrum analysis and its application in machine fault diagnosis.Dynamic Analysis and Testing Technology(in Chinese),1996,4:30～33
[2] Deily F H,Dareing D W,Paff G H,et al.Downhole measurements of Drill String Forces and Motions,Transaction of American Society of Mechanical Engineering for Industry,1968． 217～225
[3] Lutz J,Raynaud M,Gstalder S,et al.Instantaneous logging based on a dynamic theory of drilling.Journal of Petroleum Technology,1972,24:750～758
[4] Rector J W.Utilization of drill bit vibrations as a downhole seismic source[Ph.D.thesis].California:Stanford University,1990
[5] Clement K.Multichannel seismic experiment with a drill-bit source.Stanford University,1990
[6] Rector J W,Marion B P.The use of drill-bit energy as a downhole seismic source.Geophysics,1991,56:628～634
[7] Meehan R,Haldorsen J.Rekindling Interest in Seismic While Drilling.Oilfield Review,Jan 1993． 4～13
[8] Jaob B,Haldorsen U,Douglas E,et al.Walkaway VSP using drill noise as a source.Geophysics,1995,60(4) :978～997
[9] Flavio P,Trieste,Milano.Seismic while drilling use of pilot signals with downhole motor drilling.SEG Expanded Abstracts,1998,17:147～150
[10] 陆斌,葛洪魁,吴何珍等.利用相关域小波变换进行SWD资料预处理.地球物理学报,2009,52(9) :2349～2356 Lu B,Ge H K,Wu H Z,et al.SWD data preprocessing using wavelet transform of correlation domain.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(9) :2349～2356
[11] Poletto F,Malusa M,Miranda F.Numerical modeling and interpretation of drillstring waves.Geophysics,2001,66:1569～1581
[12] Flavio P,Francesco M.Seismic while drilling fundamentals of drill bit seismic for exploration.Handbook of Geophysical Exploration,2004． 35
[13] 张绍槐,韩继勇,朱根法.随钻地震技术的理论及工程应用.石油学报,1999,20(2) :67～72 Zhang S H,Han J Y,Zhu G F.The engineering application and theory of seismic while drilling.Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),1999,20(2) :67～72
[14] Borgert B P,Healy M J,Tukey J W.The quefrency analysis of time series for echoes:cepstrum,pseudo autocovariance,cross-cepstrum and saphe craking:Proc.Symp.On Time Series Analysis,Rosenblatt,M.Ed.:John Wiley and Sons,Inc.1963,209～243
[15] 郝志勇,舒歌群,薛远等.内燃机气缸压力振动识别研究.内燃机学报,1994,112(1) :43～48 Hao Z Y,Shu G Q,Xue Y,et al.An investigation of identifying cylinder pressure of I.C.Engine by vibration measurement.Transactions of CSICE.1994,112(1) :43～48
[16] Ulrych T J.Application of homomorphic deconvolution to seismology.Geophysics,1971,36:650～660
[17] Oppenheim A V,Schafer R W.Digital Signal Processing.New Jersey:Prentice Hall,1975
[18] Drumheller D S.Attenuation of sound waves in drill strings.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1993,94(4) :2387～2396
[19] Macpherson J D,Jogi P,Baker Hughes Inteq,et al.Application and analysis of simultaneous near bit and surface dynamics measurements.1998,IADC/SPE 39397
[20] 梁凤岗,徐敏.瞬态信号波形重构及其应用.哈尔滨工程大学学报.1997,18:20～27 Liang F G,Xu M.Waveform reconstruction of transient signal and its application.Journal of Harbin Engineering University(in Chinese),1997,18:20～27
[21] 钱济国.倒谱分析及其在机械故障诊断中的应用.动态分析与测试技术,1996,4:30～33 Qian J G.Cepstrum analysis and its application in machine fault diagnosis.Dynamic Analysis and Testing Technology(in Chinese),1996,4:30～33
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