合成记录在层位标定应用中的几个关键问题
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摘要
在合成地震记录层位标定过程中,子波、极性、时深关系是三个十分重要同时又常被解释人员简单化的问题。常用的子波包括Ricker子波、统计性子波和确定性子波,通常先用统计性子波确定子波主频,再用该主频的Ricker子波做初始标定,最后在初始标定的基础上提取确定性子波并用之进行精细标定。对于长井段和大位移斜井还需分段用时变子波标定。准确识别地震剖面极性对层位标定和地震解释意义重大,合成记录法、地震反射特征法、地震子波法常被用来判断剖面极性。VSP时深数据和声波曲线积分得到的时深数据是标定中常用的时深关系,使用过程中要注意AVO效应、测井环境影响以及色散现象带来的问题。
In correlating sequence by synthetic seismogram,wavelet,polarity and time-depth relationship are very important,but they are usually simplified by interpreter.Ricker wavelet,statistical wavelet and deterministic wavelet are used commonly.The domain frequency of wavelet can be ensured by extracting statistical wavelet,then,initial correlation can be made by using Ricker wavelet of known domain frequency,at last,based on the two steps just mentioned above,fine correlation can be finished by extracting deterministic wavelet.For the long section or big distance deviation well,time-varying wavelet is necessary in correlation.It is significant recognizing correctly the seismic polarity for right correlation and interpretation.The method of judging seismic polarity includes Synthetic Seismogram correlation,seismic characteristic identification and seismic wavelet verification.In correlation time-depth relationship,there are two sources,they are VSP and integral of AC.Some problems which is caused by AVO,well logging environment and dispersion should be noticed in using time-depth relationship.
In correlating sequence by synthetic seismogram,wavelet,polarity and time-depth relationship are very important,but they are usually simplified by interpreter.Ricker wavelet,statistical wavelet and deterministic wavelet are used commonly.The domain frequency of wavelet can be ensured by extracting statistical wavelet,then,initial correlation can be made by using Ricker wavelet of known domain frequency,at last,based on the two steps just mentioned above,fine correlation can be finished by extracting deterministic wavelet.For the long section or big distance deviation well,time-varying wavelet is necessary in correlation.It is significant recognizing correctly the seismic polarity for right correlation and interpretation.The method of judging seismic polarity includes Synthetic Seismogram correlation,seismic characteristic identification and seismic wavelet verification.In correlation time-depth relationship,there are two sources,they are VSP and integral of AC.Some problems which is caused by AVO,well logging environment and dispersion should be noticed in using time-depth relationship.
引文
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[2]凌云研究组.测井与地震信息标定研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(1):68-75.
[3]李国发,廖前进,王尚旭,等.合成地震记录层位标定若干问题的探讨[J].石油物探,2008,47(2):145-149.
[4]吕景英,蒋进勇.地震子波零相位化改造的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(2):121-123.
[5]刘金俊,王修田,刘怀山.子波零相位化、反褶积与地震记录分辨率的关系[J].海洋地质动态,2000,16(4):5-8.
[6]Walden A T,White R E.Estimating the statistical band-width of a time series[J].Biometrika,1990,77(4):699-707.
[7]Walden A T,White R E.On errors of fit and accuracy in matching synthetic seismograms and seismic traces[J].Geo-physical Prospecting,1984,32(5):897-891.
[8]White R E.Partial coherence matching of synthetic seis-mograms with seismic trace[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1980,28(3):333-358.
[9]孙振涛,孟宪军,慎国强,等.高精度合成地震记录制作技术研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,30(6):641-643.
[10]靳玲,苏桂芝,刘桂兰,等.合成地震记录制作的影响因素及对策[J].石油物探,2004,43(3):267-271.
[11]曹广华,袁子龙,田景文.地层吸收衰减效应的理论研究与计算机模拟[J].大庆石油学院学报,1999,23(2):5-8.
[12]郝涛,朱伟.准噶尔盆地腹部高精度合成地震记录制作技术研究[J].天然气勘探与开发,2005,28(4):16-19.
[13]刘伟方,于兴河,黄兴文,等.利用地震属性进行无井条件下的储层及含油气预测[J].西南石油学院学报,2006,28(4):22-25.
[14]王克宁.地震记录极性和层位标定研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,1992,27(1):130-139.
[15]王金铎,路慎强,于建国,等.地震资料解释中的极性判别技术[J].石油物探,2001,40(2):77-83.
[16]赖仲康.如何判别地震资料极性做好井约束反演[J].新疆石油地质,1999,20(4):303-306.
[17]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[M].石油工业出版社,1994.
[18]史松群,赵玉华.苏里格气田AVO技术的研究与应用[J].天然气工业,2002,22(6):30-34.
[19]陈强.柴达木盆地三湖气聚集区某区第四系浅层气层AVO特征研究[J].成都理工学院学报,2002,29(4):433-438.
[20]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社,1993.
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