老鹰岩滑坡成因机制与运动特征研究
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摘要
老鹰岩滑坡是汶川地震触发的大型岩质滑坡,滑坡纵长450 m,最大展宽430 m,体积约1 500×104m3。滑坡掩埋了一座中型水电站,造成20余人死亡,巨大的滑体堆积厚达100余米的滑坡坝,形成了汶川震区库容量仅次于唐家山的第二大堰塞湖。强震触发形成老鹰岩滑坡分为三个阶段,即:①后缘震动拉裂阶段。老鹰岩滑坡后缘为一突兀山脊,地形对地震动力放大效应明显,震动拉裂沿长大结构面形成了一个陡峭、粗糙,与重力作用下呈光滑、有一定弧形的后缘拉裂面迥异的边界。②摩擦阻力降低、滑体溃滑阶段。地震动力的持续作用,地震波不断在滑面处发生反射和折射,使得滑面处摩擦阻力迅速降低,进而岩体内"锁固段"剪断,滑体顺层面高速下滑。③滑体高速流动堆积阶段。规模巨大的滑体,冲入姜巴沟,并对沟两侧的山体产生强烈的铲刮,高速碎屑流受到黄洞子沟左侧山体强力阻挡后折返,并震动堆积形成堰塞湖。
Laoyingyan landslide is a large rock landslide,wihch was triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake.Its length is 450 m with 430 m max-wide,and the volume is about 1.5×105 m3.The depth of the landslide deposite is over 100m,which formed the second biggest quake lake dam in Wenchuan Earthquake zone.The formation of the landslide could divided into the flowing three stages: ①The stage of shattering cracking.Shock cracking occurs within the rockmass,debacle surface formed and interconnected.Slope mass sliding constituted.②The stage of friction decrease and "locked section" snipping.Under the effection of earthquake force,seismic wave continued to occur refraction and reflection.Then declined the friction of debacle surface rapidly.The "locked section" in the landslide front was snipped sharply,while slip mass sliding along the slip surface with a high speed.③The stage of slipmass sliding-accumulating.Slip mass cracking and sliding that shaped debris flow then accumulated.
Laoyingyan landslide is a large rock landslide,wihch was triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake.Its length is 450 m with 430 m max-wide,and the volume is about 1.5×105 m3.The depth of the landslide deposite is over 100m,which formed the second biggest quake lake dam in Wenchuan Earthquake zone.The formation of the landslide could divided into the flowing three stages: ①The stage of shattering cracking.Shock cracking occurs within the rockmass,debacle surface formed and interconnected.Slope mass sliding constituted.②The stage of friction decrease and "locked section" snipping.Under the effection of earthquake force,seismic wave continued to occur refraction and reflection.Then declined the friction of debacle surface rapidly.The "locked section" in the landslide front was snipped sharply,while slip mass sliding along the slip surface with a high speed.③The stage of slipmass sliding-accumulating.Slip mass cracking and sliding that shaped debris flow then accumulated.
引文
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[2]黄润秋.汶川8.0级地震触发崩滑灾害机制及其地质力学模式[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1239-1249.
[3]中华人民共和国地质图说明书(比例尺:1∶50000)[M].清平幅四川省地矿队,1995.
[4]黄润秋,裴向军,李天斌.2008.汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机理分析[J].工程地质学报,16(6):730-741.
[5]殷跃平.汶川八级地震滑坡触发特征研究[J].工程地质学报,2009,16(1):29-38.
[6]黄润秋.中国典型灾难性滑坡[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[7]胡广韬.滑坡动力学[M].北京:地质出版社,1995.
[8]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.
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