地震灾区救援力量优化调配模型
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摘要
从救援对象的确定、救援队伍的需求和救援力量的调配三个方面,较为全面的讨论了地震灾区如何根据灾害情况和救援资源的分布,科学合理地开展救援力量的优化调配,以达到快速营救受困人员的目的。根据受灾情况确定对救援队伍的实际需求是分配救援力量的前提,从对象的确定和需求经验关系的给出两方面,讨论了如何根据地震破坏和灾区实际情况确定灾区对救灾力量,尤其是专业救援队伍的具体需求。队伍的优化调配是运筹学中运输问题的求解,基于现有线性优化算法,在地理信息平台上,建立了队伍优化分配的模型和软件。采用汶川地震的实际数据进行了实例计算和分析,给出了今后在救灾过程中科学调配救援力量的可参考样本。
This paper systemically described how to allocate rescue forces in an earthquake disaster stricken area,including selecting the emergency rescue targets,analyzing the needs of rescue teams of certain unit and allocation of rescue teams,among which estimate the needs of rescue force is the precondition of the allocation analysis.Two methods were given in this paper to assess the need of rescue forces.One is to select the rescue target by its important level and the other is to calculate the needs based on empirical relationship developed from investigation of the Wenchuan earthquake.Allocating the rescue teams is the solution of the classical transportation problem.Herein,based on an open source model package and ArcGIS software,an analysis tool was developed to solve the team allocation problem.An example using the data obtained from Wenchuan earthquake was given to illustrate the optimal allocation of the rescue forces in the end.
This paper systemically described how to allocate rescue forces in an earthquake disaster stricken area,including selecting the emergency rescue targets,analyzing the needs of rescue teams of certain unit and allocation of rescue teams,among which estimate the needs of rescue force is the precondition of the allocation analysis.Two methods were given in this paper to assess the need of rescue forces.One is to select the rescue target by its important level and the other is to calculate the needs based on empirical relationship developed from investigation of the Wenchuan earthquake.Allocating the rescue teams is the solution of the classical transportation problem.Herein,based on an open source model package and ArcGIS software,an analysis tool was developed to solve the team allocation problem.An example using the data obtained from Wenchuan earthquake was given to illustrate the optimal allocation of the rescue forces in the end.
引文
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[4]李茂.城市灾害事故应急救援力量调配模型研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2008-07-01.LI Mao.Allocation Model of Emergency Rescue Force for Urban Disaster Incident[M].Xian:Xian Science and Technology University,2008-07-01.(in Chinese)
[5]马玉宏,谢礼立.地震人员伤亡估算方法研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(4):140-147.MA Yuhong,XIE Lili.Methods for estimation of earthquake casualty[J].Earthquake engineering and engineering vibration,2000,20(4):140-147.(in Chinese)
[6]王楠,刘勇.自然灾害应急物流的物资分配策略研究[EB/OL].北京:中国物流与采购网,(2007-05-08)[2012-06-01].http://www.chinawuliu.com.cn/cflp/newss/content1/200705/908_23011.html.WANG Nan,LIU Yong.Study on allocation strategy of emergency logistics for natural disaster.Beijing:China web of logistics and purchasing,,(2007-05-08)[2012-06-01].http://www.chinawuliu.com.cn/cflp/newss/content1/200705/908_23011.html.(in Chinese)
[7]毕兴权.地震灾害生命救援的对策与行动要求[J].武警学院学报,2008,24(12):5-8.BI Xingquan.Study on the action of life rescue based on Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force Academy,2008,24(12):5-8.(in Chinese)
[8]聂高众,高建国,苏桂武,等.地震应急救助需求的模型化处理[J].资源科学,2001,23(1):69-76.NIE Gaozhong,GAO Jianguo,SU Guiwu,et al.Models on rapid judgment for the emergency rescue needs during earthquake[J].Resource Sci-ence,2001,23(1):69-76.(in Chinese)
[2]Mike P,Amy F.Fire mapping with ArcGIS[R].USA:ESRI,2007.
[3]郭红梅,黄丁发,陈维峰,等.城市地震现场搜救指挥辅助决策系统的设计与开发[J].地震研究,2008,31(1):83-88.GUO Hongmei,HUANG Dingfa,CHEN Weifeng.Urban earthquake on-site searching and rescuing command auxiliary decision system based onGIS[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2008,31(1):83-88.(in Chinese)
[4]李茂.城市灾害事故应急救援力量调配模型研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2008-07-01.LI Mao.Allocation Model of Emergency Rescue Force for Urban Disaster Incident[M].Xian:Xian Science and Technology University,2008-07-01.(in Chinese)
[5]马玉宏,谢礼立.地震人员伤亡估算方法研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(4):140-147.MA Yuhong,XIE Lili.Methods for estimation of earthquake casualty[J].Earthquake engineering and engineering vibration,2000,20(4):140-147.(in Chinese)
[6]王楠,刘勇.自然灾害应急物流的物资分配策略研究[EB/OL].北京:中国物流与采购网,(2007-05-08)[2012-06-01].http://www.chinawuliu.com.cn/cflp/newss/content1/200705/908_23011.html.WANG Nan,LIU Yong.Study on allocation strategy of emergency logistics for natural disaster.Beijing:China web of logistics and purchasing,,(2007-05-08)[2012-06-01].http://www.chinawuliu.com.cn/cflp/newss/content1/200705/908_23011.html.(in Chinese)
[7]毕兴权.地震灾害生命救援的对策与行动要求[J].武警学院学报,2008,24(12):5-8.BI Xingquan.Study on the action of life rescue based on Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force Academy,2008,24(12):5-8.(in Chinese)
[8]聂高众,高建国,苏桂武,等.地震应急救助需求的模型化处理[J].资源科学,2001,23(1):69-76.NIE Gaozhong,GAO Jianguo,SU Guiwu,et al.Models on rapid judgment for the emergency rescue needs during earthquake[J].Resource Sci-ence,2001,23(1):69-76.(in Chinese)
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