基于目的层照明能量的炮点设计方法
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摘要
在复杂地表和复杂构造地区,激发与接收条件差,目的层反射能量不匀,导致采集的地震数据信噪比低。针对这个问题,提出了非规则观测系统设计思路,即基于地震波照明模拟结果,采用局部加密炮点、规则布置接收排列的方式。方法原理是:通过正常炮距的数值模拟结果,确定照明能量最小位置,进行局部炮点加密,求得目的层照明能量均匀性最高的炮点组合。以塔里木盆地某逆掩推覆构造二维模型和南海白云凹陷崎岖海底模型为例,验证了方法的有效性和实用性。模型试验结果表明,在二维情况下,该方法的应用效果很好,照明能量分布均匀;在三维情况下,加密炮的效果要弱于二维情况,但照明能量分布的均匀性得到了很大改善。
At the areas with complex surface conditions and structures, the poor shooting & receiving conditions and uneven reflection energy leads to the low S/N of acquired seismic data.We put forward to a solution for designing irregular geometry,which is based on the illumination simulation of seismic wave,locally densify shot points and regularly fixes up receiving arrangements.The principles of the method are as follows:the position of minimum illumination energy is identified by the normal shot space simulation results,to locally densify shot points and obtain the shot point array of target intervals with highest uniform illumination energy.Taking the 2-D model of overthrust nappe structure in Tarim Basin and the rough submarine model of Baiyun Depression in South China Sea as examples, we discussed the validity and usefulness of the method.Model test results show that in 2-D situation,the method is effective,and the illumination energy has uniform distribution;in 3-D situation,the effect of densifying shot points is weaker than that of 2-D situation,but the uniformity of illumination energy has been largely improved.
At the areas with complex surface conditions and structures, the poor shooting & receiving conditions and uneven reflection energy leads to the low S/N of acquired seismic data.We put forward to a solution for designing irregular geometry,which is based on the illumination simulation of seismic wave,locally densify shot points and regularly fixes up receiving arrangements.The principles of the method are as follows:the position of minimum illumination energy is identified by the normal shot space simulation results,to locally densify shot points and obtain the shot point array of target intervals with highest uniform illumination energy.Taking the 2-D model of overthrust nappe structure in Tarim Basin and the rough submarine model of Baiyun Depression in South China Sea as examples, we discussed the validity and usefulness of the method.Model test results show that in 2-D situation,the method is effective,and the illumination energy has uniform distribution;in 3-D situation,the effect of densifying shot points is weaker than that of 2-D situation,but the uniformity of illumination energy has been largely improved.
引文
[1]熊煮.我国物探技术的进步与展望[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(4):447-459
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[11]刘恩儒,岳建华,刘彦.具有离散裂缝空间分布的二维固体中地震波传播的有限差分模拟[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(1):180-188
[12]牟永光,裴正林.三维复杂介质地震数值模拟[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2005:58-76
[13]符力耘,牟永光.弹性波边界元法正演模拟[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(4):521-529
[14]冯英杰,杨长春,吴萍.地震波有限差分模拟综述[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):487-491
[15]赵殿栋,吕公河,张庆淮,等.高精度三维地震采集技术及应用效果[J].石油物探,2001,40(1):1-8
[2]尹军杰,刘学伟,黄雪继,等.基于散射成像数值模拟的地震采集参数论证[J].石油物探,2005,44(1): 58-64
[3]董良国,吴晓丰,唐海忠,等,逆掩推覆构造的地震波照明与观测系统设计[J].石油物探,2006,45(1): 40-47
[4]赵殿栋,郭建,王咸彬,等.基于模型面向目标的观测系统优化设计技术[J].中国西部油气地质,2006,2 (2):119-122
[5]孙家伟,符力耘,碗学检.基于相位编码的地震照明度分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(5): 539-543
[6]熊晓军,贺振华,文晓涛,等.基于波动方程的地震观测系统设计方法研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2007, 36(1):132-136
[7]李万万.基于波动方程正演的地震观测系统设计[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(2):134-141
[8]邓飞,王美平,周杲,等.高斯射线束法地震记录合成系统的研究与开发[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2006, 25(6):93-97
[9]王辉.基于图形结构的三维射线追踪方法[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(4):534-541
[10]贺振华,黄德济,胡光岷.复杂油气藏地震波场特征方法理论及应用[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社, 1999:29-53
[11]刘恩儒,岳建华,刘彦.具有离散裂缝空间分布的二维固体中地震波传播的有限差分模拟[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(1):180-188
[12]牟永光,裴正林.三维复杂介质地震数值模拟[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2005:58-76
[13]符力耘,牟永光.弹性波边界元法正演模拟[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(4):521-529
[14]冯英杰,杨长春,吴萍.地震波有限差分模拟综述[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):487-491
[15]赵殿栋,吕公河,张庆淮,等.高精度三维地震采集技术及应用效果[J].石油物探,2001,40(1):1-8
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