长江中下游成矿带及典型矿集区深部结构探测——SinoProbe-03年度进展综述
摘要
大陆现今的地壳结构和物质组成是地壳经历了复杂的动力学演化过程形成的"产品",保留着演化过程中重大地质事件留下的痕迹,使用现代地球物理探测技术对这个"产品"进行成像,不仅可以了解现今的构造和物质状态,还可以推演过去曾经发生的动力学过程。长江中下游成矿带是我国重要的铁、铜多金属资源基地,其形成的深部动力学过程一直是矿床学家关注、争论的焦点。2010年SinoProbe-03项目在长江中下游成矿带完成了300km的宽频地震探测,在庐枞矿集区完成了5条剖面累计250km的反射地震、MT和地球化学剖面测量,经初步处理分析,取得了一系列重要发现,包括成矿带上地幔存在低速体,地幔各向异性呈小尺度变化特征,Moho面存在局部隆起,岩石圈底部界面模糊,地壳呈双层结构,上地壳厚度明显大于下地壳,并且经历了早期强烈挤压、后期伸展的变形过程等。这些新发现支持软流圈上隆、岩石圈减薄,富集地幔熔融、下地壳增厚、拆沉的深部动力学模式,并可解释成矿带普遍发育的白垩纪埃达克岩(adakite)、橄榄玄粗岩(shoshonite)的成因和长江中下游巨型成矿带的形成。
The present crustal structure and composition are "products" of complex geodynamic processes through geological time,which maintains the relics and fabrics formed during the major geological movement.The image of the "products" based on modern geophysical technology can help not only comprehend the current state of the structure and material,but also deduce the geodynamic events occurred in the geological time.The middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River metallogenic belt is an important iron,copper and polymetallic base in China,whose deep dynamic processes have constituted the debate focus among researchers.In 2010,a broadband seismic detection about 300km long has been performed in this belt by SinoProbe-03 project,and five seismic reflection,MT and geochemical profiles totally 250km long have been completed over Lujiang-Zongyang ore concentration area.A couple of significant discoveries were made on the basis of preliminary processing and analysis,such as the existence of low-velocity bodies in the upper mantle of the metallogenic belt,short-distance variations of upper mantle anisotropy,local Moho uplift,blur interface between lithosphere and asthenosphere,double-layer crustal structure with thicker upper crust than lower crust.The reflection pattern of crust indicates that it has experienced early compression and later extensional deformation.These discoveries support the dynamic model of asthenosphere uplift,lithospheric thinning,melting of enriched mantle and lower crust thickening and delamination.With these discovers,the extensive development of Cretaceous adakite,shoshonite in metallogenic belt and the causes for the formation of the giant Yangtze River metallogenic belt can also be explained.
The present crustal structure and composition are "products" of complex geodynamic processes through geological time,which maintains the relics and fabrics formed during the major geological movement.The image of the "products" based on modern geophysical technology can help not only comprehend the current state of the structure and material,but also deduce the geodynamic events occurred in the geological time.The middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River metallogenic belt is an important iron,copper and polymetallic base in China,whose deep dynamic processes have constituted the debate focus among researchers.In 2010,a broadband seismic detection about 300km long has been performed in this belt by SinoProbe-03 project,and five seismic reflection,MT and geochemical profiles totally 250km long have been completed over Lujiang-Zongyang ore concentration area.A couple of significant discoveries were made on the basis of preliminary processing and analysis,such as the existence of low-velocity bodies in the upper mantle of the metallogenic belt,short-distance variations of upper mantle anisotropy,local Moho uplift,blur interface between lithosphere and asthenosphere,double-layer crustal structure with thicker upper crust than lower crust.The reflection pattern of crust indicates that it has experienced early compression and later extensional deformation.These discoveries support the dynamic model of asthenosphere uplift,lithospheric thinning,melting of enriched mantle and lower crust thickening and delamination.With these discovers,the extensive development of Cretaceous adakite,shoshonite in metallogenic belt and the causes for the formation of the giant Yangtze River metallogenic belt can also be explained.
引文
常印佛,刘湘培,吴言昌.1991.长江中下游铁铜成矿带[M].北京:地质出版社:1-379.
戴世坤,徐世浙.1997.MT二维和三维连续介质快速反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,32(3):305-317.
董树文,张岳桥,龙长兴,杨振宇,季强,王涛,胡建民,陈宣华.2007.中国侏罗纪构造变革与燕山运动新诠释[J].地质学报,81(11):1449-1461.
董树文.1991.长江中下游铁铜矿带成因之构造分析[J].地球学报,12(2):43-46.
吕庆田,常印佛,SinoProbe-03项目组.2011.地壳结构与深部矿产资源立体探测技术实验——SinoProbe-03项目介绍[J].地球学报,32(S1):49-64.
吕庆田,侯增谦,杨竹森,史大年.2004.长江中下游地区的底侵作用及动力学演化模式——来自地球物理资料的约束[J].中国科学(D辑),34(9):783-794.
毛建人,陶奎元,杨祝良,朱云鹤,薛怀民.1997.中国东南部中生代陆内岩浆作用的动力学背景[J].火山岩地质与矿产,18(2):95-104.
史大年,吕庆田,徐文艺,严永永,赵金花,董树文,常印佛.2011.长江中下游成矿带及邻区地壳结构——MASH成矿过程的接收函数成像证据[J].地质学报,待刊.
唐永成,吴言昌,储国正,邢凤鸣,王永敏,曹奋扬,常印佛.1986.安徽沿江地区铜金多金属矿床地质[M].北京:地质出版社:239-243.
王强,赵振华,熊小林,许继锋.2001.底侵玄武质下地壳的熔融:来自安徽沙溪adakite质富钠石英闪长玢岩的证据[J].地球化学,30(4):353-362.
王强,赵振华,许继锋,熊小林,包志伟.2003.安徽铜陵地区燕山期侵入岩的成因及其对深部动力学过程的制约[J].中国科学(D辑),33(4):323-333.
肖晓,汤井田,周聪,吕庆田.2011.庐枞矿集区大地电磁探测及电性结构初探[J].地质学报,待刊.
张旗,王焰,钱青,杨进辉,王元龙,赵太平,郭光军.2001.中国东部燕山期埃达克岩的特征及其构造-成矿意义[J].岩石学报,17:236-244.
周涛发,范裕,袁峰.2008.长江中下游成矿带成岩成矿作用研究进展[J].岩石学报,24(8):1666-1678.
ALLMENDINGER R W,SHARP J W,TISH D V,SERPA L,BROWN L,KAUFMN S,OLIVER J,SMITH R B.1983.Ce-nozoic and Mesozoic structure of the eastern Basin and Range province,Utah,from COCORP seismic-reflection data[J].Ge-ology,11:532-536.
CHANG Yin-fo,LIU Xiang-pei,WU Yan-chang.1991.The Cop-per-iron belt of the middle-lower reaches of the Changjiang River[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House:1-379(in Chinese).
DAI Shi-kun,XU Shi-zhe.1997.Rapid inversion of magnetotellu-ric data for2-D and3-D continuous media[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,32(3):305-317(in Chinese with English abstract).
DONG Shu-wen,ZHANG Yue-qiao,YANG Zhen-yu,JI Qiang,WANG Tao,HU Jian-min,CHEN Xuan-hua.2007.Jurassic Tectonic Revolution in China and New Interpretation of the Yanshan Movement[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,81(11):1449-1461(in Chinese with English abstract).
DONG Shu-wen.1991.Tectonic Analysis on Genesis of Metal-logenetic Belt of Middle-lower Yangtze River[J].Acta Geo-scientica Sinica,12(2):43-56(in Chinese with English abstract).
HELFFRICH G,SILVER P,GIVEN H.1994.Shear-wave splitting variation over short spatial scales on continents[J].Geophys.J.Int.,119:561-573.
JIANG G,ZHANG G,LU Q,SHI D.2010.Teleseismic tomography beneath the mid-lower Yangtze region in China[C].Abstract T23B-2248,presented at2010Fall Meeting,AGU,San Fran-cisco,Calif.,13-17Dec.
KATSUBE T J,SALISBURY M.1994.Implications of laboratory electrical measurements on interpretation of EM-surveys and origin of the Sudbury structure[J].Geophysical Research Let-ters,21(10):947-950.
KAY R W,KAY S M.1993.Delamination and Delamination mag-matism[J].Tectonophysics,219:177-189.
LAPIERRE H,JAHN B M,CHARVET J,YU Y W.1997.Mesozoic felsic arc magmatism and continental olivine tholeiite in Zhejiang Province and their relationship with the tectonic ac-tivity in southeastern China[J].Tectonophysics,274:321-338.
LI Z X,LI X H.2007.Formation of the1300-km-wide intraconti-nental orogen and postorogenic magmatic province in Meso-zoic South China:a flat-slab subduction model[J].Geology,35(2):179-182.
LI Z X.1998.Tectonic history of the major East Asia lithospheric blocks since the mid-Proterozoic—a synthesis.In Mantle Dy-namic and Plate Interaction in East Asia[M].Geodynamics27,the Americian Geophysical Union:221-243.
LU Q,DONG S,WU M,SHI D,YAN J,CHANG Y.2010.Crustal structure of volcanic terrane in the extensional tectonics,Eastern China,as revealed by seismic reflection profiling(In-vited)[R].abstract T11F-06,presented at2010Fall Meeting,AGU,San Francisco,Calif.13-17Dec.
LüQing-tian,CHANG Yin-fo,SinoProbe-03team.2011.Crustal structure and three-dimension deep exploration for mineral resources:An introduction to SinoProbe-03project[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,32(s1):49-64(in Chinese with English abstract).
LüQing-tian,HOU Zeng-qian,YANG Zhu-sen,SHI Da-nian.2004.The underplating and dynamic evolution model of the mid-lower Yangtze region-constraints from geophysical data[J].Science in China,Ser.D,34(9):783-794(in Chinese with English abstract).
MAO Jian-ren,TAO Kui-yuan,YANG Zhu-liang,ZHU Yun-he,XUE Huai-min.1997.Mesozoic intracontinental magmatism geodynamics background Southeast China[J].Volcanology&Mineral Resources,18(2):95-104(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
PAN Y M,DONG P.1999.The Lower Changjiang(Yangzi/Yang-tze River)metallogenic belt,east central China:intrusion-and wall rock-hosted Cu-Fe-Au,Mo,Zn,Pb,Ag deposits[J].Ore Geology Reviews,15:177-242.
SHI D,LüQ,YAN J,XU W,ZHANG G,JIANG G,DONG S.2010.Crutal and upper mantle structure beneath the mid-lower Yangtze metallogenic belt revealed by passive-source seismic array[C].Abstract T11F-07,presented at2010Fall Meeting,AGU,San Francisco,Calif.,13-17Dec.
SHI Da-nian,LüQing-tian,XU Wen-yi,YAN Jia-yong,ZHAO Jin-hua,Dong Shu-wen,CHANG Yin-fo.2011.Crustal struc-tures beneath the mid-lower Yangtze Metallogenic belt and its adjacent regions in Eastern China-Evidences from P-wave receiver function imaging for a MASH metallizaion process[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,in press(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
TANG Yong-Cheng,WU Yan-Chang,CHU Guo-zheng,XING Feng-ming,WANG Yong-min,CAO Fen-yang,CHANG Yin-fo.1998.Geology of Copper-Gold polymetallic deposits in the along-changjiang Area of Anhui province[M].Beijing:Geological Pulishing House(in Chinese).
WANG Q,WYMAN D A,XU J F,ZHAO Z H,JIAN P,XIONG X L,BAO Z W,LI C F,BAI Z H.2006.Petrogenesis of cretaceous adakitic and shoshonitic igneous rocks in the Luzong area,Anhui Province(eastern China):Implications for geodynamics and Cu-Au mineralization[J].Lithos,89:424-446.
WANG Qiang,ZHAO Zhen-hua,XIONG Xiao-lin,XU Ji-feng.2001.Melting of the underplated basaltic lower crust:Evidence from the Shaxi adakitic sodic quartz diorite-porphyrites,Anhui Province,China[J].Geochinica,30(4):353-362(in Chinese with English abstract).
WANG Qiang,ZHAO Zhen-hua,XU Ji-feng,XIONG Xiao-lin,BAO Zhi-wei.2003.The causes of formation intrusive rocks in Yanshan period and their constraints to the deep dynamic process in Tongling area,Anhui Province[J].Science in China,Ser.D,33(4):323-333(in Chinese with English abstract).
XIAO Xiao,TANG Jing-tian,ZHOU Cong,LüQing-tian.2011.Magnetotelluric sounding and preliminary study of electrical structure in Lujiang-Zongyang ore concentrated Area[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,in press(in Chinese with English abstract).
XU J F,SHINJO R,DEFANT M J,WANG Q,RAPP R P.2002.Origin of Mesozoic adakitic intrusive rocks in the Ningzhen area of east China:Partial melting of delaminated lower con-tinental crust[J].Geology,30:1111-1114.
ZHANG Qi,WANG Yan,QIAN Qing,YANG Jin-hui,WANG Yuan-Long;ZHAO Tai-ping,GUO Guang-jun.2001.The characteristics and tectonic-metallogenic significances of the adakites in Yanshan period from eastern China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,17:236-244(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
ZHOU Tao-fa,FAN Yu,YUAN Feng.2008.Progress on petrogen-sis and metallogeny study of the mineralization belt of the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River area[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,24(8):1665-1678(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHOU X M,LI W X.2000.Origin of late Mesozoic igneous rocks in Southeastern China:implication for lithosphere subduction and underplating of mafic magma[J].Tectonophysics,326:269-287.
戴世坤,徐世浙.1997.MT二维和三维连续介质快速反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,32(3):305-317.
董树文,张岳桥,龙长兴,杨振宇,季强,王涛,胡建民,陈宣华.2007.中国侏罗纪构造变革与燕山运动新诠释[J].地质学报,81(11):1449-1461.
董树文.1991.长江中下游铁铜矿带成因之构造分析[J].地球学报,12(2):43-46.
吕庆田,常印佛,SinoProbe-03项目组.2011.地壳结构与深部矿产资源立体探测技术实验——SinoProbe-03项目介绍[J].地球学报,32(S1):49-64.
吕庆田,侯增谦,杨竹森,史大年.2004.长江中下游地区的底侵作用及动力学演化模式——来自地球物理资料的约束[J].中国科学(D辑),34(9):783-794.
毛建人,陶奎元,杨祝良,朱云鹤,薛怀民.1997.中国东南部中生代陆内岩浆作用的动力学背景[J].火山岩地质与矿产,18(2):95-104.
史大年,吕庆田,徐文艺,严永永,赵金花,董树文,常印佛.2011.长江中下游成矿带及邻区地壳结构——MASH成矿过程的接收函数成像证据[J].地质学报,待刊.
唐永成,吴言昌,储国正,邢凤鸣,王永敏,曹奋扬,常印佛.1986.安徽沿江地区铜金多金属矿床地质[M].北京:地质出版社:239-243.
王强,赵振华,熊小林,许继锋.2001.底侵玄武质下地壳的熔融:来自安徽沙溪adakite质富钠石英闪长玢岩的证据[J].地球化学,30(4):353-362.
王强,赵振华,许继锋,熊小林,包志伟.2003.安徽铜陵地区燕山期侵入岩的成因及其对深部动力学过程的制约[J].中国科学(D辑),33(4):323-333.
肖晓,汤井田,周聪,吕庆田.2011.庐枞矿集区大地电磁探测及电性结构初探[J].地质学报,待刊.
张旗,王焰,钱青,杨进辉,王元龙,赵太平,郭光军.2001.中国东部燕山期埃达克岩的特征及其构造-成矿意义[J].岩石学报,17:236-244.
周涛发,范裕,袁峰.2008.长江中下游成矿带成岩成矿作用研究进展[J].岩石学报,24(8):1666-1678.
ALLMENDINGER R W,SHARP J W,TISH D V,SERPA L,BROWN L,KAUFMN S,OLIVER J,SMITH R B.1983.Ce-nozoic and Mesozoic structure of the eastern Basin and Range province,Utah,from COCORP seismic-reflection data[J].Ge-ology,11:532-536.
CHANG Yin-fo,LIU Xiang-pei,WU Yan-chang.1991.The Cop-per-iron belt of the middle-lower reaches of the Changjiang River[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House:1-379(in Chinese).
DAI Shi-kun,XU Shi-zhe.1997.Rapid inversion of magnetotellu-ric data for2-D and3-D continuous media[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,32(3):305-317(in Chinese with English abstract).
DONG Shu-wen,ZHANG Yue-qiao,YANG Zhen-yu,JI Qiang,WANG Tao,HU Jian-min,CHEN Xuan-hua.2007.Jurassic Tectonic Revolution in China and New Interpretation of the Yanshan Movement[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,81(11):1449-1461(in Chinese with English abstract).
DONG Shu-wen.1991.Tectonic Analysis on Genesis of Metal-logenetic Belt of Middle-lower Yangtze River[J].Acta Geo-scientica Sinica,12(2):43-56(in Chinese with English abstract).
HELFFRICH G,SILVER P,GIVEN H.1994.Shear-wave splitting variation over short spatial scales on continents[J].Geophys.J.Int.,119:561-573.
JIANG G,ZHANG G,LU Q,SHI D.2010.Teleseismic tomography beneath the mid-lower Yangtze region in China[C].Abstract T23B-2248,presented at2010Fall Meeting,AGU,San Fran-cisco,Calif.,13-17Dec.
KATSUBE T J,SALISBURY M.1994.Implications of laboratory electrical measurements on interpretation of EM-surveys and origin of the Sudbury structure[J].Geophysical Research Let-ters,21(10):947-950.
KAY R W,KAY S M.1993.Delamination and Delamination mag-matism[J].Tectonophysics,219:177-189.
LAPIERRE H,JAHN B M,CHARVET J,YU Y W.1997.Mesozoic felsic arc magmatism and continental olivine tholeiite in Zhejiang Province and their relationship with the tectonic ac-tivity in southeastern China[J].Tectonophysics,274:321-338.
LI Z X,LI X H.2007.Formation of the1300-km-wide intraconti-nental orogen and postorogenic magmatic province in Meso-zoic South China:a flat-slab subduction model[J].Geology,35(2):179-182.
LI Z X.1998.Tectonic history of the major East Asia lithospheric blocks since the mid-Proterozoic—a synthesis.In Mantle Dy-namic and Plate Interaction in East Asia[M].Geodynamics27,the Americian Geophysical Union:221-243.
LU Q,DONG S,WU M,SHI D,YAN J,CHANG Y.2010.Crustal structure of volcanic terrane in the extensional tectonics,Eastern China,as revealed by seismic reflection profiling(In-vited)[R].abstract T11F-06,presented at2010Fall Meeting,AGU,San Francisco,Calif.13-17Dec.
LüQing-tian,CHANG Yin-fo,SinoProbe-03team.2011.Crustal structure and three-dimension deep exploration for mineral resources:An introduction to SinoProbe-03project[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,32(s1):49-64(in Chinese with English abstract).
LüQing-tian,HOU Zeng-qian,YANG Zhu-sen,SHI Da-nian.2004.The underplating and dynamic evolution model of the mid-lower Yangtze region-constraints from geophysical data[J].Science in China,Ser.D,34(9):783-794(in Chinese with English abstract).
MAO Jian-ren,TAO Kui-yuan,YANG Zhu-liang,ZHU Yun-he,XUE Huai-min.1997.Mesozoic intracontinental magmatism geodynamics background Southeast China[J].Volcanology&Mineral Resources,18(2):95-104(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
PAN Y M,DONG P.1999.The Lower Changjiang(Yangzi/Yang-tze River)metallogenic belt,east central China:intrusion-and wall rock-hosted Cu-Fe-Au,Mo,Zn,Pb,Ag deposits[J].Ore Geology Reviews,15:177-242.
SHI D,LüQ,YAN J,XU W,ZHANG G,JIANG G,DONG S.2010.Crutal and upper mantle structure beneath the mid-lower Yangtze metallogenic belt revealed by passive-source seismic array[C].Abstract T11F-07,presented at2010Fall Meeting,AGU,San Francisco,Calif.,13-17Dec.
SHI Da-nian,LüQing-tian,XU Wen-yi,YAN Jia-yong,ZHAO Jin-hua,Dong Shu-wen,CHANG Yin-fo.2011.Crustal struc-tures beneath the mid-lower Yangtze Metallogenic belt and its adjacent regions in Eastern China-Evidences from P-wave receiver function imaging for a MASH metallizaion process[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,in press(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
TANG Yong-Cheng,WU Yan-Chang,CHU Guo-zheng,XING Feng-ming,WANG Yong-min,CAO Fen-yang,CHANG Yin-fo.1998.Geology of Copper-Gold polymetallic deposits in the along-changjiang Area of Anhui province[M].Beijing:Geological Pulishing House(in Chinese).
WANG Q,WYMAN D A,XU J F,ZHAO Z H,JIAN P,XIONG X L,BAO Z W,LI C F,BAI Z H.2006.Petrogenesis of cretaceous adakitic and shoshonitic igneous rocks in the Luzong area,Anhui Province(eastern China):Implications for geodynamics and Cu-Au mineralization[J].Lithos,89:424-446.
WANG Qiang,ZHAO Zhen-hua,XIONG Xiao-lin,XU Ji-feng.2001.Melting of the underplated basaltic lower crust:Evidence from the Shaxi adakitic sodic quartz diorite-porphyrites,Anhui Province,China[J].Geochinica,30(4):353-362(in Chinese with English abstract).
WANG Qiang,ZHAO Zhen-hua,XU Ji-feng,XIONG Xiao-lin,BAO Zhi-wei.2003.The causes of formation intrusive rocks in Yanshan period and their constraints to the deep dynamic process in Tongling area,Anhui Province[J].Science in China,Ser.D,33(4):323-333(in Chinese with English abstract).
XIAO Xiao,TANG Jing-tian,ZHOU Cong,LüQing-tian.2011.Magnetotelluric sounding and preliminary study of electrical structure in Lujiang-Zongyang ore concentrated Area[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,in press(in Chinese with English abstract).
XU J F,SHINJO R,DEFANT M J,WANG Q,RAPP R P.2002.Origin of Mesozoic adakitic intrusive rocks in the Ningzhen area of east China:Partial melting of delaminated lower con-tinental crust[J].Geology,30:1111-1114.
ZHANG Qi,WANG Yan,QIAN Qing,YANG Jin-hui,WANG Yuan-Long;ZHAO Tai-ping,GUO Guang-jun.2001.The characteristics and tectonic-metallogenic significances of the adakites in Yanshan period from eastern China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,17:236-244(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
ZHOU Tao-fa,FAN Yu,YUAN Feng.2008.Progress on petrogen-sis and metallogeny study of the mineralization belt of the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River area[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,24(8):1665-1678(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHOU X M,LI W X.2000.Origin of late Mesozoic igneous rocks in Southeastern China:implication for lithosphere subduction and underplating of mafic magma[J].Tectonophysics,326:269-287.
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