北京塔院井数字化观测水温的同震效应研究
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摘要
基于北京塔院井数字化水温观测资料,分析了远震引起的水温同震效应,注意到塔院井水温同震变化总是具有下降-上升-恢复的过程,不受地震方位和震源机制的影响;水温同震下降幅度随震级的增大而增大,随震中距的增大而减小,三者之间有较好的关系;震后水温后效恢复上升幅值受水位动态影响.最后,对塔院井水温同震效应机理进行了探讨,初步研究结果显示,井孔中的水体受震荡激发而加速对流与掺混是导致水温先下降的主要原因:当井水受到地震波的作用时,对流加速,井内深部较热的水体上涌,而浅部较冷的水体下沉,水温探头将先观测到温度下降现象;震后水震波逐渐平息,探头附近井水温逐步恢复上升.
On the basis of digital records from Tayuan well, we study coseismic effects of water temperature caused by remote earthquakes. The records show that the water temperature changes are consistently following the process of drop-rise-recovery regardless of focal mechanism or epicentral directions. The step amplitude of water temperature increases with the increase of earthquake magnitude, and decreases with the decrease of epicentral distances. They have rather well correlation. Water temperature rising after earthquake is influenced by water level variations. Finally, the mechanisms of coseismic effects of water temperature have been discussed. Preliminary study shows that accelerated convection and mixing of different temperature water in virtue of seismic wave are the main causes of water temperature drops. Seismic wave accelerates water convection, which causes warm water to move up from deeper part of the well and cold water to go down from the upper part. Temperature probe will detect water temperature drops at early stage. After the occurrence of earthquake, as the fluctuation of water level gradually quiets down, water temperature near the probe begins to rise.
On the basis of digital records from Tayuan well, we study coseismic effects of water temperature caused by remote earthquakes. The records show that the water temperature changes are consistently following the process of drop-rise-recovery regardless of focal mechanism or epicentral directions. The step amplitude of water temperature increases with the increase of earthquake magnitude, and decreases with the decrease of epicentral distances. They have rather well correlation. Water temperature rising after earthquake is influenced by water level variations. Finally, the mechanisms of coseismic effects of water temperature have been discussed. Preliminary study shows that accelerated convection and mixing of different temperature water in virtue of seismic wave are the main causes of water temperature drops. Seismic wave accelerates water convection, which causes warm water to move up from deeper part of the well and cold water to go down from the upper part. Temperature probe will detect water temperature drops at early stage. After the occurrence of earthquake, as the fluctuation of water level gradually quiets down, water temperature near the probe begins to rise.
引文
①,②田竹君,车用太,朱清钟,等.1983.塔院井孔水位动态实验站建设.国家地震局地质研究所:1-10.
①田竹君,车用太,朱清钟,等.1983.塔院井孔水位动态实验站建设.国家地震局地质研究所:1-10.
北京市地质局水文地质工程地质大队.1980.平原区第四系含水层分布图[M]∥北京市水文地质图集.上海:中华印刷厂:25
车用太,鱼金子,刘春国.1996.我国地震地下水温度动态观测与研究[J].水文地质工程地质,(4):34-37.
车用太,刘喜兰,姚宝树,等.2003.首都圈地区井水温度的动态类型及其成因分析[J].地震地质,25(3):404-419.
车用太,鱼金子.2004.塔院井水温的大幅度奇异变化[G]∥地下流体典型异常的调查与研究.北京:气象出版社:414-418.
付子忠.1989.地热动态观测与地热前兆[G]∥国家地震局地壳应力所编.地壳构造与地壳应力文集.北京:地震出版社:1-7.
付虹,刘丽芳,王世芹,等.2002.地方震及近震地下水同震震后效应研究[J].地震,22(4):55-66.
谷元珠,车用太,鱼金子,等.2003.塔院井水温微动态研究[J].地震,23(1):102-108.
黄辅琼,迟恭财,徐桂明,等.2000.大陆地下流体对台湾南投7.6级地震的响应研究[J].地震,20(增刊):119-125.
李有才.1995.四川深井水位同震阶变异常与地震预报[J].四川地震,(3):32-35.
刘耀炜,杨选辉,刘用铭,等.2005.地下流体对苏门答腊8.7级地震的响应特征[G]∥中国地震局监测预报司编.2004年印度尼西亚苏门答腊8.7大地震及其对中国大陆地区的影响.北京:地震出版社:131-258.
杨竹转,邓志辉,赵云旭,等.2005.云南思茅大寨井水位同震阶变的初步研究[J].地震学报,27(5):569-574.
鱼金子,车用太,刘伍洲.1997.井水温度微动态形成的水动力学机制研究[J].地震,17(4):389-396.
Brodsky E E,Roeloffs E A,Woodcock D,et al.2003.A mechanismfor sustained groundwater pressure changesinducedby distant earthquakes[J].J Geophys Res,108(B8):2390.
David R M,Michael M.2003.Streamflowand water well responses to earthquakes[J].Science,300(27):2047-2049.
Huang F.2006.Groundwater changesin Yunnan,Chinainduced bythe2004Sumatra earthquake[C].EOS Trans AGU,87(52):Fall Meet Suppl,Abstract S13C-0256.
King C Y,Azuma S,Igarashi G,et al.1999.Earthquake-related water-level changes at16closely clustered wellsin To-no,central Japan[J].J Geophys Res,104(B6):13073-13082.
Kitagawa Y,Koizumi N,Tsuskuda T.1996.Comparison of post-seismic groundwater temperature changes with earth-quake-induced volumetric strain release:Yudani hot spring,Japan[J].Geophys Res Lett,23(22):3147-3150.
Quilty E G,Roeloffs E A.1997.Water level changes in response to the December20,1994M4.7earthquake nearParkfield,California[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,87:310-317.
Roeloffs E A.1998.Persistent water level changes in a well near Parkfield California,due to local and distant earth-quakes[J].J Geophys Res,103(B1):869-889.
①田竹君,车用太,朱清钟,等.1983.塔院井孔水位动态实验站建设.国家地震局地质研究所:1-10.
北京市地质局水文地质工程地质大队.1980.平原区第四系含水层分布图[M]∥北京市水文地质图集.上海:中华印刷厂:25
车用太,鱼金子,刘春国.1996.我国地震地下水温度动态观测与研究[J].水文地质工程地质,(4):34-37.
车用太,刘喜兰,姚宝树,等.2003.首都圈地区井水温度的动态类型及其成因分析[J].地震地质,25(3):404-419.
车用太,鱼金子.2004.塔院井水温的大幅度奇异变化[G]∥地下流体典型异常的调查与研究.北京:气象出版社:414-418.
付子忠.1989.地热动态观测与地热前兆[G]∥国家地震局地壳应力所编.地壳构造与地壳应力文集.北京:地震出版社:1-7.
付虹,刘丽芳,王世芹,等.2002.地方震及近震地下水同震震后效应研究[J].地震,22(4):55-66.
谷元珠,车用太,鱼金子,等.2003.塔院井水温微动态研究[J].地震,23(1):102-108.
黄辅琼,迟恭财,徐桂明,等.2000.大陆地下流体对台湾南投7.6级地震的响应研究[J].地震,20(增刊):119-125.
李有才.1995.四川深井水位同震阶变异常与地震预报[J].四川地震,(3):32-35.
刘耀炜,杨选辉,刘用铭,等.2005.地下流体对苏门答腊8.7级地震的响应特征[G]∥中国地震局监测预报司编.2004年印度尼西亚苏门答腊8.7大地震及其对中国大陆地区的影响.北京:地震出版社:131-258.
杨竹转,邓志辉,赵云旭,等.2005.云南思茅大寨井水位同震阶变的初步研究[J].地震学报,27(5):569-574.
鱼金子,车用太,刘伍洲.1997.井水温度微动态形成的水动力学机制研究[J].地震,17(4):389-396.
Brodsky E E,Roeloffs E A,Woodcock D,et al.2003.A mechanismfor sustained groundwater pressure changesinducedby distant earthquakes[J].J Geophys Res,108(B8):2390.
David R M,Michael M.2003.Streamflowand water well responses to earthquakes[J].Science,300(27):2047-2049.
Huang F.2006.Groundwater changesin Yunnan,Chinainduced bythe2004Sumatra earthquake[C].EOS Trans AGU,87(52):Fall Meet Suppl,Abstract S13C-0256.
King C Y,Azuma S,Igarashi G,et al.1999.Earthquake-related water-level changes at16closely clustered wellsin To-no,central Japan[J].J Geophys Res,104(B6):13073-13082.
Kitagawa Y,Koizumi N,Tsuskuda T.1996.Comparison of post-seismic groundwater temperature changes with earth-quake-induced volumetric strain release:Yudani hot spring,Japan[J].Geophys Res Lett,23(22):3147-3150.
Quilty E G,Roeloffs E A.1997.Water level changes in response to the December20,1994M4.7earthquake nearParkfield,California[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,87:310-317.
Roeloffs E A.1998.Persistent water level changes in a well near Parkfield California,due to local and distant earth-quakes[J].J Geophys Res,103(B1):869-889.
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