汶川地震诱发山地斜坡震动的地形放大效应
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摘要
汶川地震诱发大量山地斜坡次生灾害具有明显的地形分布特征,对其地形放大效应研究具有重要的理论及实际意义。斜坡震害调查表明,宏观地貌单元对次生地质灾害的发育类型具有控制作用,中高山区以大中型滑坡、崩塌为主,低山及丘陵区以山体震裂、小型崩塌为主;峡谷形态对次生地质灾害的发育密度具有明显影响,其中"V"型峡谷发育密度高于"U"型峡谷;单薄山脊、条形山体、坡型转折部位、凸出地形等微地貌地形放大效应明显。监测显示,不同方向水平分量地震波峰值(PHA)相差可达10余倍,研究表明:地形尺寸与地震波波长的耦合作用使得地震动水平分量放大显著。
Physical and mechanical property of rock and soil mass may change across with the different spatial position,so it has different wave impedance characteristics.Under strong earthquake condition,stress wave during its propagation process usually produce strong reflex and refraction effects in the interfaces of different physical properties,and form strong dynamic tension stress and dynamic shear stress,resulting in failure in the rock and soil mass or forming an unique characteristic of dynamic instability.Based on surveying dynamic failure characteristics of rock slope triggered by the "5.12"Wenchuan earthquake and understanding of differences geological media of unstable slope,recurring to parameter test of rock body,theories research,numerical simulation and so on,at the same time combined with analysing characteristic of seismic-dynamic monitoring in different venues media,analysing data of soft and hard lithology combined model tested on the the large-scale shaking table,we research dynamic mutagenic effect of rock and soil media interfaces.The project is expected to reveal rock media dynamic characteristics of representative seismic landslide,dynamic characteristics of media interface,and based on the study it is expected to explore dynamic tension stress and shear stress of media interface impact on slope stability.Research results can provide scientific basis for town construction and major engineering construction in high intensity mountain area.So It has an important significance of earthquake preparedness and disaster reduction.
Physical and mechanical property of rock and soil mass may change across with the different spatial position,so it has different wave impedance characteristics.Under strong earthquake condition,stress wave during its propagation process usually produce strong reflex and refraction effects in the interfaces of different physical properties,and form strong dynamic tension stress and dynamic shear stress,resulting in failure in the rock and soil mass or forming an unique characteristic of dynamic instability.Based on surveying dynamic failure characteristics of rock slope triggered by the "5.12"Wenchuan earthquake and understanding of differences geological media of unstable slope,recurring to parameter test of rock body,theories research,numerical simulation and so on,at the same time combined with analysing characteristic of seismic-dynamic monitoring in different venues media,analysing data of soft and hard lithology combined model tested on the the large-scale shaking table,we research dynamic mutagenic effect of rock and soil media interfaces.The project is expected to reveal rock media dynamic characteristics of representative seismic landslide,dynamic characteristics of media interface,and based on the study it is expected to explore dynamic tension stress and shear stress of media interface impact on slope stability.Research results can provide scientific basis for town construction and major engineering construction in high intensity mountain area.So It has an important significance of earthquake preparedness and disaster reduction.
引文
[1]Huang Runqiu,Tang Chuan,Li Yong,et al.Geohazard assessmentof the Wenchuan Earthquake[M].Beijing:Science and Technolo-gy Press,2009:236-237[黄润秋,唐川,李勇,等.汶川地震地质灾害研究[M].北京:科技出版社,2009:236-237,268-269]
[2]Yin Yueping.Researches on the geo-hazards triggered by Wenchuanearthquake SiChuan[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(4):433-444[殷跃平.汶川八级地震地质灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(4):433-444]
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[4]Liu Jingbo.The effect of local irregular topography on seismicground motion[J].ACTA Seismologica Sinica,1996,9(2):309-315
[5]Donald W Griffiths,G A Bollinger.The effect of appalachian moun-tain topography on seismic waves[J].Bulletin of the SeismologicalSociety of America,1979,69:1081-1105
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[10]Han Lifang.Research on the development regular and triggeringmechanism of geological hazards in Longchi[D].Chengdu:Cheng-du University of Technology,2010.[韩丽芳.龙池地区地震地质灾害发育规律及成因机制研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2010.]
[11]Wang Yunsheng,Sun Shuqing,Li Yongzhao.Morphology andquaternary geology brief tutorial[M].Chengdu:Sichuan UniversitPress,2008:46-47[王运生,孙书勤,李永昭.地貌学及第四纪地质学简明教程[M].成都:四川大学出版社,2008:46-47]
[12]Xu Qiang,Pei Xiangjun,Huang Runqiu,et al.Large-scale land-slides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake[M].Beijing:Scienceand Technology Press,2009:1-52[许强,裴向军,黄润秋,等.汶川地震大型滑坡研究[M].北京:科技出版社,2009:1-52]
[13]Wang Yunsheng,Xu Hongbiao,Luo Yonghong,et al.Study offormation conditions and toss motion program of high landslides in-duced by earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2009,11:2360-2369[王运生,徐鸿彪,罗永红,等.地震高位滑坡形成条件及抛射运动程式研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,11:2360-2369]
[14]Ashford S A,Sitar N.Analysis of topographic amplification of in-clined shear waves in a steep coastal bluff[J].Bulletin of theSeismological Society of America,1997,87(3):692-700
[15]He Yunlong Lu Shuyuan.A method for calculating the seismic ac-tion in rock slope[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineer-ing.1998,20(2):66～68[何蕴龙,陆述远.岩石边坡地震作用近似计算方法[J].岩土工程学报,1998,20(2):66～68]
[16]Luo Yonghong.Study on complex slopes response law under earth-quake action[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2011.[罗永红.地震作用下复杂斜坡动力响应规律研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2011.]
[2]Yin Yueping.Researches on the geo-hazards triggered by Wenchuanearthquake SiChuan[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(4):433-444[殷跃平.汶川八级地震地质灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(4):433-444]
[3]GB50011-2001.Specifications for seismic design of structrues[S].[GB50011-2001.建筑抗震设计规范[S].]
[4]Liu Jingbo.The effect of local irregular topography on seismicground motion[J].ACTA Seismologica Sinica,1996,9(2):309-315
[5]Donald W Griffiths,G A Bollinger.The effect of appalachian moun-tain topography on seismic waves[J].Bulletin of the SeismologicalSociety of America,1979,69:1081-1105
[6]M Celebi.Topographical and geological amplifications determinedfrom strong-motion and aftershock records of the 3 march 1985 Chileearthquake[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1987,77:1147-1107
[7]Francisco J Sanchez-Sesma,Mechel Campillo.Diffraction of P,SV,and rayleigh waves by topographic features:a boundary integralformulation[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1991,81:2234-2253
[8]Shiann Jong Lee,Dimitri Komatisch,Bor Shouh Huang,et al.Effects of topography on seismic-wave propagation:an example fromnorthern taiwan[J].Bulletin of the Seismological society of Ameri-ca,2009,99:314-325
[9]Li Yong,Xu Gongda,Zhou Rongjun,et al.Isostatic gravity anoma-lies in the Longmen Mountains and their constraints on the crustaluplift below the mountains on the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Ti-bet Plateau[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2005,24(12):1162-1168[李勇,徐公达,周荣军,等.龙门山均衡重力异常及其对青藏高原东缘山脉地壳隆升的约束[J].地质通报,2005,24(12):1162-1168]
[10]Han Lifang.Research on the development regular and triggeringmechanism of geological hazards in Longchi[D].Chengdu:Cheng-du University of Technology,2010.[韩丽芳.龙池地区地震地质灾害发育规律及成因机制研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2010.]
[11]Wang Yunsheng,Sun Shuqing,Li Yongzhao.Morphology andquaternary geology brief tutorial[M].Chengdu:Sichuan UniversitPress,2008:46-47[王运生,孙书勤,李永昭.地貌学及第四纪地质学简明教程[M].成都:四川大学出版社,2008:46-47]
[12]Xu Qiang,Pei Xiangjun,Huang Runqiu,et al.Large-scale land-slides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake[M].Beijing:Scienceand Technology Press,2009:1-52[许强,裴向军,黄润秋,等.汶川地震大型滑坡研究[M].北京:科技出版社,2009:1-52]
[13]Wang Yunsheng,Xu Hongbiao,Luo Yonghong,et al.Study offormation conditions and toss motion program of high landslides in-duced by earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2009,11:2360-2369[王运生,徐鸿彪,罗永红,等.地震高位滑坡形成条件及抛射运动程式研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,11:2360-2369]
[14]Ashford S A,Sitar N.Analysis of topographic amplification of in-clined shear waves in a steep coastal bluff[J].Bulletin of theSeismological Society of America,1997,87(3):692-700
[15]He Yunlong Lu Shuyuan.A method for calculating the seismic ac-tion in rock slope[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineer-ing.1998,20(2):66～68[何蕴龙,陆述远.岩石边坡地震作用近似计算方法[J].岩土工程学报,1998,20(2):66～68]
[16]Luo Yonghong.Study on complex slopes response law under earth-quake action[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2011.[罗永红.地震作用下复杂斜坡动力响应规律研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2011.]
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