动校正拉伸分析及处理方法
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摘要
动校正是地震数据处理的重要步骤,当偏移距反射深度比较大时动校正处理使同相轴产生拉伸畸变。常规的动校正切除处理是以牺牲大偏移距地震道信号为代价的。通过理论推导可以得出:交叉同相轴对应着最大的拉伸量,动校正后出现同相轴的增加、混叠乃至畸变;未交叉同相轴动校正后波形变"胖",其主频降低,频带变窄,振幅值拉大。因此研究无拉伸动校正方法对于提高地震资料的信噪比和分辨率具有重要意义。基于频谱替换的无拉伸动校正方法使得远道信息得到保留,使用该方法后远道有效叠加次数增加,同相轴更连续,易于识别和追踪,适用于海上地震资料处理。
The normal moveout correction(NMO) is an important step in seismic data processing.After the digital NMO correction,the events with large ratio of offset and reflection depth have the phenomenon of stretch and distortion.NMO mute causes the loss of effective data with large ratio of offset and reflection depth.Conclusions can be drawn through theoretical calculation.If the events are overlapped,they have the maximum stretch value.After the correction,the events having the appearance of distortion and the number will be increased.Otherwise,the events will show a fat wave shape,the dominant frequency will decrease,the frequency band will be narrow and the amplitude larger.Therefore,it's significant to study the non-stretch correction method.With the method,the signal-noise ratio and resolution of seismic data can be improved.Using the spectrum based moveout method,the information of large offset and effective stacking times increase.The events will be more continuous and become easier to recognize and trace.This method is suitable for marine seismic data processing.
The normal moveout correction(NMO) is an important step in seismic data processing.After the digital NMO correction,the events with large ratio of offset and reflection depth have the phenomenon of stretch and distortion.NMO mute causes the loss of effective data with large ratio of offset and reflection depth.Conclusions can be drawn through theoretical calculation.If the events are overlapped,they have the maximum stretch value.After the correction,the events having the appearance of distortion and the number will be increased.Otherwise,the events will show a fat wave shape,the dominant frequency will decrease,the frequency band will be narrow and the amplitude larger.Therefore,it's significant to study the non-stretch correction method.With the method,the signal-noise ratio and resolution of seismic data can be improved.Using the spectrum based moveout method,the information of large offset and effective stacking times increase.The events will be more continuous and become easier to recognize and trace.This method is suitable for marine seismic data processing.
引文
[1]Buchholtz H.A note on signal distortion due to dynamic(NMO)correction[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1972,20(2):395-402.
[2]Dunkin J W,Levin F K.Effect of normal moveout on a seis-mic pulse[J].Geophysics,1973,38(4):635-642.
[3]Arthur E.Barnes.Another look at NMO[J].Geophysics,1992,57(5):749-751.
[4]Miler R D.Normal moveout stretch mute on shallow-reflectiondata[J].Geophysics,1992,57(11):1502-1507.
[5]Noah J T.NMO stretch and subtle traps[J].The LeadingEdge,1996,15(5):345-347.
[6]Rupert G B,Chun J H.The block move sum normal moveoutcorrection[J].Geophysics,1975,40(1):17-24.
[7]Shatilo A,Aminzadeh F.Constant normal-moveout(CNMO)correction:A technique and test results[J].Geophysics,1992,57(5):749-751.
[8]Bazelaire E.Normal moveout revisited-inhomogeneous mediaand curved interfaces[J].Geophysics,1992,57(5):749-751.
[9]Hicks G J.Removing NMO stretch using the radon and fou-rier-radon transforms[C].63rd Mtg:Eur.Assn.of expl.geo-phys,session:A-18.
[10]Herve Perround,Martin tygel.Nonstretch NMO[J].Geo-physics,2004,69(2):599-607.
[11]赵波,史政军.消除动校正拉伸影响的方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(3):417-421.[ZHAO Bo,SHI Zhengjun.Amethod for removing NMO correction lengthening[J].OilGeophysical Prospecting,1995,30(3):417-421.]
[12]夏洪瑞,葛川庆,邹少峰.动校拉伸现象分析及消除[J].石油物探,2005,44(3):220-223.[XIA Hongrui,GE Chuanqing,ZOU Shaofeng.Stretching phenomena and it’s elimination[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2005,44(3):220-223.]
[13]Berkovitch A,Keydar S,Landa E,et al.Multifocusing inpractice[C].68th SEG Annual Meeting Expanded Abstracts,1998.
[14]Lichman E.Automated phased-based moveout correction[C]69th Ann.Internat.Mtg:Soc.of Expl.Geophys,1999:1150-1153.
[15]林伯香,孙建国.相位替换法剩余时差校正[J].石油物探,2001,40(3):15-22.[LIN Boxiang,SUN Jianguo.Residualmoveout correction by using phase replacement[J].Geophysi-cal Prospecting for Petroleum,2001,40(3):15-22.]
[16]崔宝文,王维红.频谱代换无拉伸动校正方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):960-965.[CUI Baowen,WANGWeihong.Spectral borrowing stretch-free normal moveoutcorrection[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(3):960-965.]
[17]于玲,袁子龙,王云专.高分辨率水平叠加方法及应用[J].大庆石油学院学报,2007,31(5):24-26.[YU Ling,YUANZilong,WANG Yunzhuan.Application of high resolutionhorizontal stacking method[J].Journal of Daqing PetroleumInstitute,2007,31(5):24-26.]
[18]渥.伊尔马兹.地震资料分析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:441-443.[Oz Yilmaz.Seismic data analysis[M].Bei-jing:Petroleum Industry Press,2006:441-443.]
[2]Dunkin J W,Levin F K.Effect of normal moveout on a seis-mic pulse[J].Geophysics,1973,38(4):635-642.
[3]Arthur E.Barnes.Another look at NMO[J].Geophysics,1992,57(5):749-751.
[4]Miler R D.Normal moveout stretch mute on shallow-reflectiondata[J].Geophysics,1992,57(11):1502-1507.
[5]Noah J T.NMO stretch and subtle traps[J].The LeadingEdge,1996,15(5):345-347.
[6]Rupert G B,Chun J H.The block move sum normal moveoutcorrection[J].Geophysics,1975,40(1):17-24.
[7]Shatilo A,Aminzadeh F.Constant normal-moveout(CNMO)correction:A technique and test results[J].Geophysics,1992,57(5):749-751.
[8]Bazelaire E.Normal moveout revisited-inhomogeneous mediaand curved interfaces[J].Geophysics,1992,57(5):749-751.
[9]Hicks G J.Removing NMO stretch using the radon and fou-rier-radon transforms[C].63rd Mtg:Eur.Assn.of expl.geo-phys,session:A-18.
[10]Herve Perround,Martin tygel.Nonstretch NMO[J].Geo-physics,2004,69(2):599-607.
[11]赵波,史政军.消除动校正拉伸影响的方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(3):417-421.[ZHAO Bo,SHI Zhengjun.Amethod for removing NMO correction lengthening[J].OilGeophysical Prospecting,1995,30(3):417-421.]
[12]夏洪瑞,葛川庆,邹少峰.动校拉伸现象分析及消除[J].石油物探,2005,44(3):220-223.[XIA Hongrui,GE Chuanqing,ZOU Shaofeng.Stretching phenomena and it’s elimination[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2005,44(3):220-223.]
[13]Berkovitch A,Keydar S,Landa E,et al.Multifocusing inpractice[C].68th SEG Annual Meeting Expanded Abstracts,1998.
[14]Lichman E.Automated phased-based moveout correction[C]69th Ann.Internat.Mtg:Soc.of Expl.Geophys,1999:1150-1153.
[15]林伯香,孙建国.相位替换法剩余时差校正[J].石油物探,2001,40(3):15-22.[LIN Boxiang,SUN Jianguo.Residualmoveout correction by using phase replacement[J].Geophysi-cal Prospecting for Petroleum,2001,40(3):15-22.]
[16]崔宝文,王维红.频谱代换无拉伸动校正方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):960-965.[CUI Baowen,WANGWeihong.Spectral borrowing stretch-free normal moveoutcorrection[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(3):960-965.]
[17]于玲,袁子龙,王云专.高分辨率水平叠加方法及应用[J].大庆石油学院学报,2007,31(5):24-26.[YU Ling,YUANZilong,WANG Yunzhuan.Application of high resolutionhorizontal stacking method[J].Journal of Daqing PetroleumInstitute,2007,31(5):24-26.]
[18]渥.伊尔马兹.地震资料分析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:441-443.[Oz Yilmaz.Seismic data analysis[M].Bei-jing:Petroleum Industry Press,2006:441-443.]
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