斜坡加速度动力响应特性的大型振动台试验研究
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摘要
以"5·12"汶川地震灾区典型斜坡为原型,采用水平层状上硬下软和上软下硬2种岩性组合概念模型,设计并完成比例1:100的大型振动台试验。在满足相似律的条件下,通过输入不同地震波类型、频率、激振方向和振幅,系统地研究模型斜坡的地震动力响应特性。以输入加速度峰值0.3g为例,分析不同岩性组合模型斜坡在单向天然地震波作用下的同向加速度动力响应规律,研究结果表明,加速度沿竖直和水平方向的响应都呈现明显的非线性特征;总体上,高程对地震波具有明显的放大效应。在水平向地震波作用下,斜坡的动力响应主要出现在斜坡的中上段,而在同等强度的激振力作用下,竖直向加速度最大放大倍数仅相当于水平向加速度最大放大倍数的1/2左右,且动力响应较强部位主要出现在斜坡的中下段。不同岩性组合结构对加速度响应规律的影响也因激振方向不同而异,在水平向地震波作用下,上硬下软组合斜坡总体上要比上软下硬组合斜坡对加速度的放大程度大,在竖直向地震波作用下则相反。通过对比坡面不同高程处的加速度傅里叶谱表明,在地震波从下往上传播过程中,上硬下软斜坡对起放大作用的频段具有明显的选择性,竖直向激振条件下对2种岩性组合斜坡加速度起放大作用的卓越频率比水平向激振条件下的卓越频率大得多。
Based on prototype slopes in disaster areas of'May 12'Wenchuan earthquake,two types of horizontally layered model slopes including hardness-upward and softness-upward are designed to perform the large-scale shaking table test with the geometric scale of 1:100.Under the condition of similitude law,the seismic responses of model slopes are investigated with different input wave kinds,frequencies,excitation directions and amplitudes.Taking the situations of inputting acceleration amplitude of 0.3g as the typical example,the co-rotating acceleration dynamic responses of model slope with different lithology associations are analyzed under the single crude seismic load.The results show that the responses present obvious non-linearity along vertical and horizontal directions;and the elevation has amplification effect on seismic waves totally.Under the horizontal seismic load,the dynamic responses of slope appears mainly at the middle-upper part.However,with the equal input seismic load,the largest amplification of vertical acceleration is only one half of that of the horizontal acceleration;and the dynamic responses of slope appears mainly at the middle-lower part.The effects of different lithology associations on the acceleration response rules also vary with the different excitation directions.That is,under the horizontal seismic load,the hardness-upward slope demonstrates larger amplification effect of acceleration than the softness-upward slope basically;and under the vertical load,the result is opposite.Finally,by comparison of acceleration Fourier spectra in different elevations on the slope surface,the hardness-upward slope has obvious selectivity of predominant frequencies while the waves are propagating from the bottom;and for both model slopes,the predominant frequencies in vertical excitation concentrate on higher frequency ranges than those in horizontal excitation.
Based on prototype slopes in disaster areas of'May 12'Wenchuan earthquake,two types of horizontally layered model slopes including hardness-upward and softness-upward are designed to perform the large-scale shaking table test with the geometric scale of 1:100.Under the condition of similitude law,the seismic responses of model slopes are investigated with different input wave kinds,frequencies,excitation directions and amplitudes.Taking the situations of inputting acceleration amplitude of 0.3g as the typical example,the co-rotating acceleration dynamic responses of model slope with different lithology associations are analyzed under the single crude seismic load.The results show that the responses present obvious non-linearity along vertical and horizontal directions;and the elevation has amplification effect on seismic waves totally.Under the horizontal seismic load,the dynamic responses of slope appears mainly at the middle-upper part.However,with the equal input seismic load,the largest amplification of vertical acceleration is only one half of that of the horizontal acceleration;and the dynamic responses of slope appears mainly at the middle-lower part.The effects of different lithology associations on the acceleration response rules also vary with the different excitation directions.That is,under the horizontal seismic load,the hardness-upward slope demonstrates larger amplification effect of acceleration than the softness-upward slope basically;and under the vertical load,the result is opposite.Finally,by comparison of acceleration Fourier spectra in different elevations on the slope surface,the hardness-upward slope has obvious selectivity of predominant frequencies while the waves are propagating from the bottom;and for both model slopes,the predominant frequencies in vertical excitation concentrate on higher frequency ranges than those in horizontal excitation.
引文
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[14]于翔,钱七虎,赵跃堂,等.地铁工程结构破坏的竖向地震力影响分析[J].解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版),2001,2(3):75-77.(YU Xiang,QIAN Qihu,ZHAO Yuetang,et al.Analysis of vertical earthquake influence on damage to subway structures[J].Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2001,2(3):75-77.(in Chinese))
[15]石崇,周家文,仁强,等.单面边坡高程放大效应的射线理论解[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2008,36(2):238-241.(SHI Chong,ZHOU Jiawen,REN Qiang,et al.Ray theory solution of the elevation amplification effect on a single-free-face slope[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Science),2008,36(2):238-241.(in Chinese))
[16]卢爱红,茅献彪,张连英.应力波在岩体中传播的叠加效应[J].徐州工程学院学报(自然科学版),2008,23(3):74-79.(LU Aihong,MAO Xianbiao,ZHANG Lianying.Accumulation effect of stress wave propagation in the rock mass[J].Journal of Xuzhou Institute of Technology(Natural Science),2008,23(3):74-79.(in Chinese))
[17]王伟,王志亮,李振强.岩体软硬度对一维应力波演化影响研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2006,(1):11-15.(WANG Wei,WANG Zhiliang,LI Zhenqiang.Study of effect of rock softness-hardness on evolution of1D stress waves[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2006,(1):11-15.(in Chinese))
[2]王存玉,王思敬.斜坡模型振动试验研究——岩体工程地质力学问题(七)[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.(WANG Cunyu,WANG Sijing.Investigation on vibration tests of slope models—rock engineering geological mechanics problems(seven)[M].Beijing:Science Press,1987.(in Chinese))
[3]LIN M L,WANG K L.Seismic slope behavior in a large-scale shaking table model test[J].Engineering Geology,2006,86(2-3):118-133.
[4]徐光兴,姚令侃,高召宁,等.边坡动力特性与动力响应的大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):624-632.(XU Guangxing,YAO Lingkan,GAO Zhaoning,et al.Large-scale shaking table model test study on dynamic characteristics and dynamic responses of slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2008,27(3):624-632.(in Chinese))
[5]许强,陈建君,冯文凯,等.斜坡地震动力响应的物理模拟试验研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2009,41(3):266-272.(XU Qiang,CHEN Jianjun,FENG Wenkai,et al.Study of the seismic response of slopes by physical modeling[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science),2009,41(3):266-272.(in Chinese))
[6]许强,黄润秋.5·12汶川大地震诱发大型崩滑灾害动力特征初探[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):721-729.(XU Qiang,HUANG Runqiu.Kinetics charateristics of large landslides triggered by May12th Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):721-729.(in Chinese))
[7]黄润秋.汶川8.0级地震触发崩滑灾害机制及其地质力学模式[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1239-1249.(HUANG Runqiu.Mechanics and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan8.0earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(6):1239-1249.(in Chinese))
[8]袁文忠.相似理论与静力学模型试验[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1998.(YUAN Wenzhong.Simulation theory and static model test[M].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,1998.(in Chinese))
[9]张敏政.地震模拟实验中相似律应用的若干问题[J].地震工程与工程振动,1997,17(2):52-58.(ZHANG Minzheng.Study on similitude laws for shaking table tests[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1997,17(2):52-58.(in Chinese))
[10]林皋,朱彤,林蓓.结构动力模型试验的相似技巧[J].大连理工大学学报,2000,40(1):1-8.(LIN Gao,ZHU Tong,LIN Bei.Similarity technique for dynamic structural model test[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2000,40(1):1-8.(in Chinese))
[11]黄润秋,李为乐.“5·12”汶川大地震触发地质灾害的发育分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(12):2585-2592.(HUANG Runqiu,LI Weile.Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on12th May,2008[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(12):2585-2592.(in Chinese))
[12]王栋.川藏公路黄草坪2P#P隧道地震动力响应的三维模型试验研究[硕士学位论文][D].成都:成都理工大学,2008.(WANG Dong.The three-dimensional model test on the earthquake dynamic response of Huangcaoping tunnel No.2of Sichuan—Tibet Highway[M.S.Thesis][D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2008.(in Chinese))
[13]祁生文,伍法权.边坡动力响应规律研究[J].中国科学(E辑),2003,33(增1):28-40.(QI Shengwen,WU Faquan.Study on dynamic responses of slope[J].Science in China(Series E),2003,33(Supp.1):28-40.(in Chinese))
[14]于翔,钱七虎,赵跃堂,等.地铁工程结构破坏的竖向地震力影响分析[J].解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版),2001,2(3):75-77.(YU Xiang,QIAN Qihu,ZHAO Yuetang,et al.Analysis of vertical earthquake influence on damage to subway structures[J].Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2001,2(3):75-77.(in Chinese))
[15]石崇,周家文,仁强,等.单面边坡高程放大效应的射线理论解[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2008,36(2):238-241.(SHI Chong,ZHOU Jiawen,REN Qiang,et al.Ray theory solution of the elevation amplification effect on a single-free-face slope[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Science),2008,36(2):238-241.(in Chinese))
[16]卢爱红,茅献彪,张连英.应力波在岩体中传播的叠加效应[J].徐州工程学院学报(自然科学版),2008,23(3):74-79.(LU Aihong,MAO Xianbiao,ZHANG Lianying.Accumulation effect of stress wave propagation in the rock mass[J].Journal of Xuzhou Institute of Technology(Natural Science),2008,23(3):74-79.(in Chinese))
[17]王伟,王志亮,李振强.岩体软硬度对一维应力波演化影响研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2006,(1):11-15.(WANG Wei,WANG Zhiliang,LI Zhenqiang.Study of effect of rock softness-hardness on evolution of1D stress waves[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2006,(1):11-15.(in Chinese))
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