华北地区的地壳低速层
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摘要
虽然华北地区属于克拉通类型的地质单元,然而在其地壳内部,尤其是东部地区的地壳内,低速层相当发育。这些低速层多位于上地壳底部15～25 km的深度范围内。同活动造山带内的低速层相比,华北地区的壳内低速层表现出明显不同的特点。壳内低速层水平延伸尺度不大,互相之间不太连接。同时,低速层内外速度差较小,大都小于5%。考虑到华北盆地岩石圈底部的热侵蚀作用和地壳的热状态,认为部分熔融是产生壳内低速层的一个重要因素。
Although North China belongs to Craton type in geology,there exist quite a lot of low velocity layers(LVL) in its crust,especially in its eastern region.Most of these LVLs locate at the bottom of the upper crust with depth of 15-25 km.Compared with LVLs in active orogens,the LVLs in North China possess greatly different characteristics.Usually,these LVLs are not large in horizontal scale and are not connected each other.In the same time,the velocity drops are small,usually less than 5%.Considering the thermal erosion action at the bottom of the lithosphere and the geothermal state,it is deduced that partial melt may be one important factor to generate LVLs in the crust.
Although North China belongs to Craton type in geology,there exist quite a lot of low velocity layers(LVL) in its crust,especially in its eastern region.Most of these LVLs locate at the bottom of the upper crust with depth of 15-25 km.Compared with LVLs in active orogens,the LVLs in North China possess greatly different characteristics.Usually,these LVLs are not large in horizontal scale and are not connected each other.In the same time,the velocity drops are small,usually less than 5%.Considering the thermal erosion action at the bottom of the lithosphere and the geothermal state,it is deduced that partial melt may be one important factor to generate LVLs in the crust.
引文
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2孙武城,等.初论华北地区的地壳低速层[J].地震地质,1987,9(1):17-26.(Sun Wucheng et al.A preliminarystudy on crustal low velocity layers in North China[J].Se-imology and Geology,1987,9(1):17-26)
3杨晓松,马瑾,张先进.大陆壳内低速层成因综述[J].地震科技情报,2003,22(2):35-41.(Yang Xiaosong,MaJin and Zhang Xianjin,Summarization of genesis of low-ve-locity layer in continental crust[J].Geological Science andTechnology Information,2003,22(2):35-41)
4尹周勋,滕吉文,刘宏兵.西藏高原亚东至当雄地带二维地壳结构的研究[J].中国地质科学院院报(第21号),1990,239-245.(Yin Zhouxun,Teng Jiwen and Liu Honh-bing.Study on 2-D crustal structures from Yadong to Dangx-iong in Tibetan Plateau[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy ofGeological Sciences,1990,21:239-245)
5黄立言,等.藏南帕里至达吉地带的上地壳结构特征,REFTEK顺带广角地震观测结果分析[J].地球学报,l996,17(2):165-176.(Huang Liyan,et al.The uppercrustal structure of the area from Pagri to Dagyi in the south-ern Tibet from piggyback REFTEK wide-angle seismic data[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,1996,17(2):165-176)
6 Nelson K D,et al.Partially molten middle crust beneathsouthern Tibet:Synthesis of project INDEPTH results[J].Science,1996,274:l 684-1 688.
7王椿镛,等.川滇地区地壳上地幔三维速度结构研究[J].地震学报,2002,24(1):1-16.(Wang Chunyong,et al.Study on velocitystructure of crust and upper mantle in Si-chuan-Yunnan region[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2002,24(1):1-16)
8吴建平,明跃红,王椿镛.云南数字地震台站下方的S波速度结构研究[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(2):228-230.(Wu Jianping,Ming Yuehong and Wang Chunyong.The S wave velocity structure beneath digital seismic stationsof Yunnan Province inferred from teleseismic receiver func-tion modeling[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2001,44(2):228-230)
9 Schmitz M,Heinsohn W D and Schilling F R.Seismic,gravi-ty and petrological evidence for partial melt beneath thethickened Central Andean crust(21°-23°)[J].Tectono-physics,1997,270:3l3-326.
10李松林,等.多条人工地震测深剖面资料联合反演首都圈三维地壳结构[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(3):360-368.(Li Songlin,et al.Three-dimensional crustal struc-ture of the capital area obtained by a joint inversion of DSSdata from multiple profiles[J].Chinese Journal of Geo-physics,2001,44(3):360-368)
11张成科,等.文安-蔚县-察右中旗剖面地壳上地幔速度结构与构造研究[J].华北地震科学,1997,15(3):18-28.(Zhang Chengke,et al.A study of crust and uppermantle structure on Wennan-Yuxian-Qaharyouyizhongqiprofile[J].North China Earthquake Sciences,1997,15(3):18-28)
12赵金仁,等.河南林县地震区地壳深部构造背景探讨[J].中国地震,1999,15(3):229-236.(Zhao Jinren,etal.The structure features of deep crustal structure in Seis-mic area of Linxian,Henan Province[J].Earthquake Re-search in China,1999,15(3):229-236)
13张成科,等.渤海湾及其邻区壳幔速度结构研究与综述[J].地震学报,2002,24(4):428-435.(ZhangChengke,et al.Study and review on crust-mantle velocitystructure in Bohai Bay and its adjacent areas[J].Acta Seis-mologica Sinica,2002,24(4):428-435)
14朱日祥,郑天愉.华北克拉通破坏机制与元古代古板块构造体系[J].科学通报,2009,54(14):1 950-1 961.(Zhu Rixiang and Zheng Tianyu.Destruction geody-namics of the North China Craton and its Paleoproterozoicplate tectonics[J].Chinese Sci Bull,2009,54(14):1 950-1 961)
15 Huang J L and Zhao D P.High-resolution mantle tomo-graphy of China and surrounding regions[J].J GeophysRes.,2006,111,B09305.doi:10.1029/2005JB004066.
16 Zhao D P,Mishra O P and Sanda R.Influence of fluidsand magma on earthquakes:seismological evidence[J].Phys Earth Planet Int.,2002,132:249-267.
17李松林,等.由诸城-宜川人工地震剖面反演结果看太行山两侧岩石圈结构的差异[J].中国科学(D辑),2011,41(5):668-677.(Li Songlin,et al.Differences in lithos-pheric structures between two sides of Taihang Mountainobtained from the Zhucheng-Yichuan deep seismic soundingprofile[J].Sci.China Earth Sci.,2011,41(5):668-677)
18汪洋.华北和华南岩石圈热状态、流变学特征与地壳成分[M].北京:地质出版社,2006.(Wang Yang.Lithos-pheric thermal state,rheology and crustal composition ofNorth and South China[M].Beijing:Geological PublingHouse,2006)
19 Muellor H J and Raab S.Elastic wave velocities of graniteat experimental simulated partial melting conditions[J].Phys Chem Earth.,l997,22:93-96.
20杨晓松,等.高喜马拉雅黑云斜长片麻岩脱水熔融实验[J].科学通报,2001,46(3):246-250.(Yang Xiaosong,et al.Experimental study on dehydration melting of naturalbiotite-plagioclase gneiss from High Himalayas and implica-tions for Himalayan crust anatexis[J].Chinese ScienceBulletin,2001,46(3):246-250)
21刘国栋,刘昌铨.华北北部地区地壳上地幔构造及其与新生代构造活动的关系[J].中国科学(B辑),1982,12(12):1132-1140.(Liu Guodong Liu Changquan.Crust-upper mantle structures in northern region of North Chinaand its relationships to Cenozoic tectonic activities[J].SciChina(Series B),1982,12(12):1 132-1 140)
22李松林,等.玛沁-兰州-靖边地震测深剖面地壳速度结构的初步研究[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(2):210-217.(Li Songlin,et al.A preliminary study on the crustalvelocity structure of Maqin-Lanzhou-Jibian DSS profile[J].Chinese J.Geophys.,2002,45(2):210-217)
23汤吉,等.青藏高原东北缘玛沁-兰州-靖边剖面地壳上地幔电性结构研究[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(5):1 205-1 216.(Tang Ji,et al.Electrical conductivitystructure of the crust and upper mantle in the northeasternmargin of the Qinhai-Tibet plateau along the profile Maqin-Lanzhou-Jingbian[J].Chinese J.Geophys.,2005,48(5):1205-1216)
24李海鸥,等.青藏高原地壳的低速层与部分熔融[J].物探与化探,2004,28(4):290-293.(Li Haiou,et al.Low velocity layers and partial melting in Qinhai-Tibet plat-eau[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2004,28(4):290-293)
25 Yan Z,Shi R and Zhao M.The map of epicenters of earth-quake(1:12,000,000)[M].Beijing:Geological Publish-ing House,1996.
2孙武城,等.初论华北地区的地壳低速层[J].地震地质,1987,9(1):17-26.(Sun Wucheng et al.A preliminarystudy on crustal low velocity layers in North China[J].Se-imology and Geology,1987,9(1):17-26)
3杨晓松,马瑾,张先进.大陆壳内低速层成因综述[J].地震科技情报,2003,22(2):35-41.(Yang Xiaosong,MaJin and Zhang Xianjin,Summarization of genesis of low-ve-locity layer in continental crust[J].Geological Science andTechnology Information,2003,22(2):35-41)
4尹周勋,滕吉文,刘宏兵.西藏高原亚东至当雄地带二维地壳结构的研究[J].中国地质科学院院报(第21号),1990,239-245.(Yin Zhouxun,Teng Jiwen and Liu Honh-bing.Study on 2-D crustal structures from Yadong to Dangx-iong in Tibetan Plateau[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy ofGeological Sciences,1990,21:239-245)
5黄立言,等.藏南帕里至达吉地带的上地壳结构特征,REFTEK顺带广角地震观测结果分析[J].地球学报,l996,17(2):165-176.(Huang Liyan,et al.The uppercrustal structure of the area from Pagri to Dagyi in the south-ern Tibet from piggyback REFTEK wide-angle seismic data[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,1996,17(2):165-176)
6 Nelson K D,et al.Partially molten middle crust beneathsouthern Tibet:Synthesis of project INDEPTH results[J].Science,1996,274:l 684-1 688.
7王椿镛,等.川滇地区地壳上地幔三维速度结构研究[J].地震学报,2002,24(1):1-16.(Wang Chunyong,et al.Study on velocitystructure of crust and upper mantle in Si-chuan-Yunnan region[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2002,24(1):1-16)
8吴建平,明跃红,王椿镛.云南数字地震台站下方的S波速度结构研究[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(2):228-230.(Wu Jianping,Ming Yuehong and Wang Chunyong.The S wave velocity structure beneath digital seismic stationsof Yunnan Province inferred from teleseismic receiver func-tion modeling[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2001,44(2):228-230)
9 Schmitz M,Heinsohn W D and Schilling F R.Seismic,gravi-ty and petrological evidence for partial melt beneath thethickened Central Andean crust(21°-23°)[J].Tectono-physics,1997,270:3l3-326.
10李松林,等.多条人工地震测深剖面资料联合反演首都圈三维地壳结构[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(3):360-368.(Li Songlin,et al.Three-dimensional crustal struc-ture of the capital area obtained by a joint inversion of DSSdata from multiple profiles[J].Chinese Journal of Geo-physics,2001,44(3):360-368)
11张成科,等.文安-蔚县-察右中旗剖面地壳上地幔速度结构与构造研究[J].华北地震科学,1997,15(3):18-28.(Zhang Chengke,et al.A study of crust and uppermantle structure on Wennan-Yuxian-Qaharyouyizhongqiprofile[J].North China Earthquake Sciences,1997,15(3):18-28)
12赵金仁,等.河南林县地震区地壳深部构造背景探讨[J].中国地震,1999,15(3):229-236.(Zhao Jinren,etal.The structure features of deep crustal structure in Seis-mic area of Linxian,Henan Province[J].Earthquake Re-search in China,1999,15(3):229-236)
13张成科,等.渤海湾及其邻区壳幔速度结构研究与综述[J].地震学报,2002,24(4):428-435.(ZhangChengke,et al.Study and review on crust-mantle velocitystructure in Bohai Bay and its adjacent areas[J].Acta Seis-mologica Sinica,2002,24(4):428-435)
14朱日祥,郑天愉.华北克拉通破坏机制与元古代古板块构造体系[J].科学通报,2009,54(14):1 950-1 961.(Zhu Rixiang and Zheng Tianyu.Destruction geody-namics of the North China Craton and its Paleoproterozoicplate tectonics[J].Chinese Sci Bull,2009,54(14):1 950-1 961)
15 Huang J L and Zhao D P.High-resolution mantle tomo-graphy of China and surrounding regions[J].J GeophysRes.,2006,111,B09305.doi:10.1029/2005JB004066.
16 Zhao D P,Mishra O P and Sanda R.Influence of fluidsand magma on earthquakes:seismological evidence[J].Phys Earth Planet Int.,2002,132:249-267.
17李松林,等.由诸城-宜川人工地震剖面反演结果看太行山两侧岩石圈结构的差异[J].中国科学(D辑),2011,41(5):668-677.(Li Songlin,et al.Differences in lithos-pheric structures between two sides of Taihang Mountainobtained from the Zhucheng-Yichuan deep seismic soundingprofile[J].Sci.China Earth Sci.,2011,41(5):668-677)
18汪洋.华北和华南岩石圈热状态、流变学特征与地壳成分[M].北京:地质出版社,2006.(Wang Yang.Lithos-pheric thermal state,rheology and crustal composition ofNorth and South China[M].Beijing:Geological PublingHouse,2006)
19 Muellor H J and Raab S.Elastic wave velocities of graniteat experimental simulated partial melting conditions[J].Phys Chem Earth.,l997,22:93-96.
20杨晓松,等.高喜马拉雅黑云斜长片麻岩脱水熔融实验[J].科学通报,2001,46(3):246-250.(Yang Xiaosong,et al.Experimental study on dehydration melting of naturalbiotite-plagioclase gneiss from High Himalayas and implica-tions for Himalayan crust anatexis[J].Chinese ScienceBulletin,2001,46(3):246-250)
21刘国栋,刘昌铨.华北北部地区地壳上地幔构造及其与新生代构造活动的关系[J].中国科学(B辑),1982,12(12):1132-1140.(Liu Guodong Liu Changquan.Crust-upper mantle structures in northern region of North Chinaand its relationships to Cenozoic tectonic activities[J].SciChina(Series B),1982,12(12):1 132-1 140)
22李松林,等.玛沁-兰州-靖边地震测深剖面地壳速度结构的初步研究[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(2):210-217.(Li Songlin,et al.A preliminary study on the crustalvelocity structure of Maqin-Lanzhou-Jibian DSS profile[J].Chinese J.Geophys.,2002,45(2):210-217)
23汤吉,等.青藏高原东北缘玛沁-兰州-靖边剖面地壳上地幔电性结构研究[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(5):1 205-1 216.(Tang Ji,et al.Electrical conductivitystructure of the crust and upper mantle in the northeasternmargin of the Qinhai-Tibet plateau along the profile Maqin-Lanzhou-Jingbian[J].Chinese J.Geophys.,2005,48(5):1205-1216)
24李海鸥,等.青藏高原地壳的低速层与部分熔融[J].物探与化探,2004,28(4):290-293.(Li Haiou,et al.Low velocity layers and partial melting in Qinhai-Tibet plat-eau[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2004,28(4):290-293)
25 Yan Z,Shi R and Zhao M.The map of epicenters of earth-quake(1:12,000,000)[M].Beijing:Geological Publish-ing House,1996.
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