四川盆地北部地区三叠系构造及其演化特征分析
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摘要
四川盆地北部地区以下三叠统嘉陵江组四段—五段的大套膏岩层为分割层,将其分为上下两个构造层,上构造层断裂以膏岩层作为主滑脱层,上、下构造层断裂均终止于膏岩层。区内东部构造运动最为强烈,断裂非常发育。中部地区上构造层断裂相对发育,下构造层不发育。西部受构造运动影响最小,断裂不发育。断裂样式主要表现为"Y"或反"Y"字型组合、"树枝状"、平行及对冲断裂等。三叠系主要在平昌—达州—宣汉一带发育北东—南西向断裂,通江以东地区以北西—南东走向为主,中部平昌—龙岗一带受力复杂,断裂走向较不规律,元坝地区发育有南北走向断裂,往西断裂逐渐不发育。全区可划分为7大构造带,其中米仓山前缘褶皱构造带包含了西部九龙山背斜和东部通南巴构造;川北凹陷构造带仅在上构造层有少量断裂发育;川北平缓构造带上构造层发育大量中小型断裂;大巴山前陆盆地构造带属于断褶发育的凹陷带;川东高陡构造带构造变形强烈,上构造层多发育披覆背斜及较陡断背斜,下构造层发育断背斜并伴有断堑、断垒特征。该地区下构造层断裂发育开始于印支早期构造运动,印支中后期断裂活动进一步加强;上构造层断裂发育始于印支中后期构造运动,盆地北部整体开始抬升使雷口坡组顶部遭受剥蚀;燕山期上、下构造层断裂进一步发育,山前褶皱构造带挤压变形强烈,构造格局基本定型,喜马拉雅山期运动对研究区构造具有叠加改造作用。
In northern Sichuan Basin,it is divided into upper and lower structural layer by large set of gypsum of Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation 4~(th) ~ 5~(th) section.At the upper structural layer,gypsum is the main decollement.And faults of upper and lower structural layers terminate in the gypsum.In eastern,tectonic movement is most intense,faults are very developmental.In the central region,faults are relative developmental in the upper structural layer and non developmental in the lower layer.The western part have minimal impact of tectonic movement with non developmental faults.There are some main fault styles,such as the "Y" or anti-"Y" combination,branching,parallel and ramp faults.Triassic developed NE-SW trending faults in Pingchang-Dazhou-Xuanhan area,NW-SE trending faults in the east area to Tongjiang,irregular trending faults in Pingchang-Longgang area in where it suffered complicated forces,N-S trending faults in Yuanba area,and gradually non developmental fault in the western part.The region can be divided into seven major tectonic belt.Micang-Mountain front folded belt contains Jiulong-Mountain anticline in western and Tongnanba structure in eastern.Northern Sichuan depression just have a small amount of faults in the upper layer.Northern Sichuan gentle belt have a large number of small and medium-sized faults in the upper layer.Eastern Sichuan highsteep structure deforms strongly,upper layer mainly developed drape anticlines and steep anticlines,and lower layer developed faulted anticline with fault grabens and fault horsts.The faults' development of lower structural layer began in the early Indosinian Movement,its activity has been further strengthened in the Mid-Late Indosinian.And the faults' development of the upper layer began in the Mid-Late Indosinian,the movement brought overall uplift of the northern basin and the erosion of the top of Leikoupo Formation.In the Yan-Mountain Movement,faults of the upper and lower structural layer has been further developed,which resulting in the piedmont fold belt squeeze deformation strongly.Then,the tectonic framework has been shaped basically.Himalayan Movement has a superimposed and reformed influence on the tectonic in the study area.
In northern Sichuan Basin,it is divided into upper and lower structural layer by large set of gypsum of Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation 4~(th) ~ 5~(th) section.At the upper structural layer,gypsum is the main decollement.And faults of upper and lower structural layers terminate in the gypsum.In eastern,tectonic movement is most intense,faults are very developmental.In the central region,faults are relative developmental in the upper structural layer and non developmental in the lower layer.The western part have minimal impact of tectonic movement with non developmental faults.There are some main fault styles,such as the "Y" or anti-"Y" combination,branching,parallel and ramp faults.Triassic developed NE-SW trending faults in Pingchang-Dazhou-Xuanhan area,NW-SE trending faults in the east area to Tongjiang,irregular trending faults in Pingchang-Longgang area in where it suffered complicated forces,N-S trending faults in Yuanba area,and gradually non developmental fault in the western part.The region can be divided into seven major tectonic belt.Micang-Mountain front folded belt contains Jiulong-Mountain anticline in western and Tongnanba structure in eastern.Northern Sichuan depression just have a small amount of faults in the upper layer.Northern Sichuan gentle belt have a large number of small and medium-sized faults in the upper layer.Eastern Sichuan highsteep structure deforms strongly,upper layer mainly developed drape anticlines and steep anticlines,and lower layer developed faulted anticline with fault grabens and fault horsts.The faults' development of lower structural layer began in the early Indosinian Movement,its activity has been further strengthened in the Mid-Late Indosinian.And the faults' development of the upper layer began in the Mid-Late Indosinian,the movement brought overall uplift of the northern basin and the erosion of the top of Leikoupo Formation.In the Yan-Mountain Movement,faults of the upper and lower structural layer has been further developed,which resulting in the piedmont fold belt squeeze deformation strongly.Then,the tectonic framework has been shaped basically.Himalayan Movement has a superimposed and reformed influence on the tectonic in the study area.
引文
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胡伟光,陈山林,王涛等.2010.元坝地区雷口坡组岩溶储层含气性预测.天然气技术,4(5):11-14.Hu Weiguang,Chen Shanlin,Wang Tao et al.2010.Gas-bearing prediction of weathering-crust reservoir in Leikoupo Formation,Yuanba area.Natural Gas Technology,4(5):11—14.
金文正,汤良杰,王清华等.2007.新疆库车盆地东秋里塔格构造带新生代的构造演化.地质科学,42(3):444-454.Jin Wenzheng,Tang Liangjie,Wang Qinghua et al.2007.Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the eastern Qiultag structural belt,Kuqa foreland basin in Xinjiang.Chinese Journal of Geology,42(3);444—454.
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倪金龙,刘俊来,林玉祥等.2011.惠民凹陷西部深层断裂样式与古近纪盆地原型的性质.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),35(1):20-27.Ni Jinlong,Liu Junlai,Lin Yuxiang et al.2011.Style of deep faulting and its control on the Paleogene Basin evolved into the western Huimin Depression,eastern China.Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),35(1):20—27.
沈传波,梅廉夫,徐振平等.2007.四川盆地复合盆山体系的结构构造和演化.大地构造与成矿学,31(3):288-299.Shen Chuanbo,Mei Lianfu,Xu Zhenping et al.2007.Architecture and tectonic evolution of composite basin-mountain system in Sichuan Basin and its adjacent areas.Geotectonica et Metallogenia,31(3):288—299.
汤良杰,郭彤楼,余一欣等.2007.四川盆地东北部前陆褶皱—冲断带盐相关构造.地质学报,81(8):1048-1055.Tang Liangji,Cuo Tonglou,Yu Yixin et al.2007.Salt-related structures in the foreland fold-thrust belt of the northeastern Sichuan Basin,south China.A eta Geologica Sinica,81(8):1048—1055.
童崇光.2000.新构造运动与四川盆地构造演化及气藏形成.成都理工学院学报,27(2):123-130.Tong Chongguang.2000.Relationship between neotectonic movement and structural evolution and gas pools formation of Sichuan Basin.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,27(2);123—130.
王兴志,张帆,马青等.2002.四川盆地东部晚二叠世—早三叠世飞仙关期礁、滩特征与海平面变化.沉积学报,20(2):249-254.Wang Xingzhi,Zhang Fan,Ma Qing et al.2002.The characteristics of reef and bank and the fluctuation of sea-level in Feixianguan Period of Late Permian-Early Triassic,east Sichuan Basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,20(2):249—254.
王一刚,文应初,洪海涛等.2006.四川盆地及邻区上二叠统一下三叠统海槽的深水沉积特征.石油与天然气地质,27(5):702-714.Wang Yigang,Wen Yingchu,Hong Haitao et al.2006.Petroleum geological characteristics of deep water deposits in Upper Permian-Lower Triassic trough in Sichuan Basin and adjacent areas.Oil&Gas Geology,27(5):702—714.
魏国齐,杨威,吴世祥等.2004.川北飞仙关组鲕滩储层分布预测和有利勘探区带优选.中国石油勘探,9(2):38-43.Wei Guoqi,Yang Wei,Wu Shixiang et al.2004.Prediction on distribution of Feixianguan Formation oolitic shoal reservoir in northern Sichuan and selection of favorable plays.China Petroleum Exploration,9(2);38—43.
魏国齐,陈更生,杨威等.2006.四川盆地北部开江—梁平海槽边界及特征初探.石油与天然气地质,27(1):99-105.Wei Guoqi,Chen Gengsheng,Yang Wei et al.2006.Preliminary study of the boundary of Kaijiang-Liangping trough in northern Sichuan Basin and its characteristics.Oil&Gas Geology,27(1):99—105.
吴勇,周路,季卫华等.2012.吐哈盆地北部红旗坎地区侏罗系构造特征研究.西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),34(2):9-18.Wu Yong,Zhou Lu,Ji Weihua et al.2012.Research of Jurassic tectonic characteristic in Hongqikan region in Piedmont of northern of Turpan-Hami Basin.Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),34(2):9—18.
杨雨,文应初.2002.川东北开江—梁平海槽发育对T_1f鲕粒岩分布的控制.天然气工业,22(增刊):30-32.Yang Yu and Wen Yingchu.2002.Control of Kaijiang-Liangping trough growing on Tj/oolite distribution in northeast Sichuan Basin.Natural Gas Industry,22(suppl.):30—32.
雍自权,罗志立,刘树根等.2009.四川盆地海相碳酸盐岩储集层与构造运动的关系.新疆石油地质,30(4):459-462.Yong Ziquan,Luo Zhili,Liu Shugen et al.2009.The relationship between marine carbonate reservoir and tectonics in Sichuan??Basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,30(4):459—462.
曾德铭,王兴志,张帆等.2007.四川盆地西北部中三叠统雷口坡组储层研究.古地理学报,9(3):253-266.Zeng Deming,Wang Xingzhi,Zhang Fan et al.2007.Study on reservoir of the Leikoupo Formation of Middle Triassic in northwestern Sichuan Basin.Journal of Palaeogeography,9(3):253—266.
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