塔里木盆地塔中南坡断裂特征及对油气成藏的控制
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摘要
塔里木盆地塔中南坡划分为卡塔克隆起区和塘古孜巴斯坳陷两大构造单元,分属两大断裂体系。塘古孜巴斯坳陷断裂体系又可划分为西部滑脱-逆冲、中部滑脱-逆冲兼走滑以及东部高角度逆冲等三个断裂发育区。断裂主要发育于加里东中期Ⅰ幕和Ⅲ幕,以逆冲断裂为主,分为盖层滑脱型和基底卷入型两大类,并可划分出反转断裂、逆冲-滑脱断裂、逆冲-滑脱兼走滑断裂以及高角度逆冲断裂等四个亚类。不同断裂的叠加组合,主要形成了断层相关褶皱构造、潜山-披覆构造、花状构造以及正反转构造四大类构造样式。断层相关褶皱所形成的圈闭多且面积大,是重要的勘探目标,其成藏最关键因素应重点考虑储层发育情况;潜山-披覆构造是塔中南坡较发育的另一类重要构造样式,盖层条件为成藏关键因素之一,该类构造的周围斜坡地区也是有利目标区。塔中南坡四种构造样式形成了多种类型的圈闭,潜在资源量大,目前勘探程度较低,需加大勘探投入。
The southern slope of Central Uplift Belt is divided into two tectonic units,Katake Uplift and Tanggubazi Depression,which belong to two fault systems.The fault system in Tanggubazi Depression can be subdivided into the western,central and eastern fault areas.These faults mainly developed during theⅠ and Ⅲ episodes of mid-Caledonian movement and most of them are thrusting.The faults can be classified into two types,the cap-sliding and basement-involved faults,and they can be further classified into four subtypes,the reversion faults,thrusting-decollement faults,thrusting-decollement-with-strike-slipping faults,and the high-angle thrusting faults.Theses different faults are superimposed from each other and group into four styles of structures: the fault-related folding structures,buried-hill-draping structures,flower structure and positive reversed structures.The fault-related folding structures are the important exploration targets because they would provide many traps with large area,where the key factor of hydrocarbon accumulation should be if reservoirs develop.The slope areas around the buried-hill draping structures are also favorable targets where one key factor of hydrocarbon accumulation should be if the capping condition is good.It is considered that there would be many types of traps and amounts of potential resource in the southern slope of Central Uplift Belt but because of still low-degree exploration at present in it,exploration investment needs to increase.
The southern slope of Central Uplift Belt is divided into two tectonic units,Katake Uplift and Tanggubazi Depression,which belong to two fault systems.The fault system in Tanggubazi Depression can be subdivided into the western,central and eastern fault areas.These faults mainly developed during theⅠ and Ⅲ episodes of mid-Caledonian movement and most of them are thrusting.The faults can be classified into two types,the cap-sliding and basement-involved faults,and they can be further classified into four subtypes,the reversion faults,thrusting-decollement faults,thrusting-decollement-with-strike-slipping faults,and the high-angle thrusting faults.Theses different faults are superimposed from each other and group into four styles of structures: the fault-related folding structures,buried-hill-draping structures,flower structure and positive reversed structures.The fault-related folding structures are the important exploration targets because they would provide many traps with large area,where the key factor of hydrocarbon accumulation should be if reservoirs develop.The slope areas around the buried-hill draping structures are also favorable targets where one key factor of hydrocarbon accumulation should be if the capping condition is good.It is considered that there would be many types of traps and amounts of potential resource in the southern slope of Central Uplift Belt but because of still low-degree exploration at present in it,exploration investment needs to increase.
引文
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[12]杨海军,朱光有,韩剑发,等.塔里木盆地塔中礁滩体大油气田成藏条件与成藏机制研究[J].岩石学报,2011,27(6):18651883.
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[2]任建业,胡德胜,阳怀忠,等.塔中隆起断裂系统及其对碳酸盐岩台地的控制[J].中国地质,2011,38(4):935-944.
[3]任建业,阳怀忠,胡德胜,等.塔里木盆地中央隆起带断裂活动及其对海相克拉通解体的作用[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2012,37(4):645-653.
[4]程翠,何希鹏,陆亚秋.塔里木盆地塔中南坡奥陶系礁滩储层特征和控制因素[J].石油地质与工程,2009,23(5):21-24.
[5]高志前,樊太亮,刘典波,等.塔里木盆地塔中南坡台缘带油气成藏条件[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(4):437-443.
[6]张仲培,刘士林,杨子玉,等.塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡构造演化及油气地质意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(6):909919.
[7]蔡习尧,李越.新疆塔中南坡奥陶系的地层缺失和沉积相变化[J].地层学杂志,2008,32(4):353-361.
[8]杨海军,韩剑发,李本亮,等.塔中低凸起东端冲断构造与寒武系内幕白云岩油气勘探[J].海相油气地质,2011,16(2):1-8.
[9]漆家福,夏义平,杨桥.油区构造解析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006,107-108.
[10]王燮培,费琪,张家骅.石油勘探构造分析[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1991,133-163.
[11]马庆佑,沙旭光,李玉兰,等.塔中顺托果勒区块走滑断裂特征及控油作用[J].石油实验地质,2012,34(2):120-124.
[12]杨海军,朱光有,韩剑发,等.塔里木盆地塔中礁滩体大油气田成藏条件与成藏机制研究[J].岩石学报,2011,27(6):18651883.
[13]王振宇,严威,张云峰,等.塔中上奥陶统台缘礁滩体储层成岩作用及孔隙演化[J].新疆地质,2007,25(3):287-290.
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