柴达木盆地第四系生物气分布综合地球物理研究
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摘要
柴达木盆地三湖地区第四系生物气藏构造平缓、地层压实作用小、孔隙度大、埋藏浅、累计厚度大,具有独特的地球物理异常:局部重力低、航磁高频微磁异常、地震同相轴下拉以及地震属性异常等,据此提出了针对该地区浅层生物气预测的综合地球物理处理解释方案。对1︰100 000重力资料进行了保幅处理,并将处理结果与已知气田及航磁、遥感、地震烃类检测结果进行了对比分析,发现局部重力低与生物气藏有着较好的对应关系,指出局部剩余重力低是浅层生物气藏的重要地球物理特征,且剩余重力异常的幅值与浅层气藏的规模成正比。根据剩余重力异常及其他资料,提出三湖地区气藏具有纵向叠合、横向成带、局部富集的分布特征;以区域面积性的剩余重力异常为主,综合各种资料预测了3个有利区带、1个较有利区带(低产气区带)、5个可能的有利区及4个有利目标区。图13参27
Quaternary biogenic gas fields in the Sanhu area of the Qaidam Basin are characterized by gentle structure,shallow burial,weak compaction,high porosity and large bulk thickness,which determine their unique geophysical anomalies,such as locally low gravity,micro-magnetic high frequency anomaly,seismic event push-down and attribute anomaly,etc.An integrated geophysical processing and interpretation scheme is put forward for shallow biogenic gas prediction in this area.Amplitude preserving is performed for 1:100000 gravity data and the processing results are correlated with the known gas distributions and the results of aeromagnetics,remote sensing and seismic hydrocarbon detection.Study shows that the residual gravity low anomaly has a good correlation with the gas field and is an important feature of the biogenic gas field,the amplitude of residual gravity low anomaly is directly proportional to the measure of gas reservoir.Based on the residual gravity low anomaly and other exploration data,the distribution of gas reservoirs in the Sanhu area is characterized by vertical overlapping,lateral zoning and local enrichment.Residual gravity anomaly,in combination with regional geologic data,reveals 3 favorable zones,1 fairly favorable zone(low gas production zone),5 possibly favorable zones and 4 favorable targets.
Quaternary biogenic gas fields in the Sanhu area of the Qaidam Basin are characterized by gentle structure,shallow burial,weak compaction,high porosity and large bulk thickness,which determine their unique geophysical anomalies,such as locally low gravity,micro-magnetic high frequency anomaly,seismic event push-down and attribute anomaly,etc.An integrated geophysical processing and interpretation scheme is put forward for shallow biogenic gas prediction in this area.Amplitude preserving is performed for 1:100000 gravity data and the processing results are correlated with the known gas distributions and the results of aeromagnetics,remote sensing and seismic hydrocarbon detection.Study shows that the residual gravity low anomaly has a good correlation with the gas field and is an important feature of the biogenic gas field,the amplitude of residual gravity low anomaly is directly proportional to the measure of gas reservoir.Based on the residual gravity low anomaly and other exploration data,the distribution of gas reservoirs in the Sanhu area is characterized by vertical overlapping,lateral zoning and local enrichment.Residual gravity anomaly,in combination with regional geologic data,reveals 3 favorable zones,1 fairly favorable zone(low gas production zone),5 possibly favorable zones and 4 favorable targets.
引文
[1]魏国齐,刘德来,张英,等.柴达木盆地第四系生物气形成机理、分布规律与勘探前景[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(4):84-89.Wei Guoqi,Liu Delai,Zhang Ying,et al.Formation mechanism,distribution feature and exploration prospect of the Quaternarybiogenic gas in Qaidam Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Explorationand Development,2005,32(4):84-89.
[2]姜桂凤,孔红喜,侯泽生,等.柴达木盆地生物气资源潜力评价[J].新疆石油地质,2005,26(4):363-366.Jiang Guifeng,Kong Hongxi,Hou Zesheng,et al.Assessment ofbiogenetic gas reservoir potential in Qaidam Basin[J].XinjiangPetroleum Geology,2005,26(4):363-366.
[3]徐子远,谢丽,张道伟,等.柴达木盆地第四系生物气的勘探历程与储量现状[J].新疆石油地质,2005,26(4):437-440.Xu Ziyuan,Xie Li,Zhang Daowei,et al.Exploration courses andreserves state of Quaternary biogas in Qaidam Basin[J].XinjiangPetroleum Geology,2005,26(4):437-440.
[4]张晓宝,徐子远,段毅,等.柴达木盆地三湖地区第四系生物气的形成途径与运聚方式[J].地质论评,2003,49(2):168-174.Zhang Xiaobao,Xu Ziyuan,Duan Yi,et al.Metabolic pathway ofthe Quaternary biogenetic gases and their migration andaccumulation in the Qaidam Basin,China[J].Geological Review,2003,49(2):168-174.
[5]关平,王大锐,黄第藩.柴达木盆地东部生物气与有机酸地球化学研究[J].石油勘探与开发,1995,22(3):41-45.Guan Ping,Wang Darui,Huang Difan.Study on geochemicalcharacteristics of biogenic gas and organic acids,eastern Qaidambasin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1995,22(3):41-45.
[6]马龙,陈洪德,张景廉,等.柴达木盆地第四系生物成因气质疑[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(2):250-256.Ma Long,Chen Hongde,Zhang Jinglian,et al.Queries aboutbiogenesis of Quaternary gas in Qaidam Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(2):250-256.
[7]李剑,严启团,张英,等.柴达木盆地三湖地区第四系生物气盖层封闭机理的特殊性[J].中国科学:D辑,2007,37(增刊Ⅱ):36-42.Li Jian,Yan Qituan,Zhang Ying,et al.The special sealingmechanism of caprock for Quaternary biogenetic gas in Sanhu area,Qaidam Basin[J].Science in China:Series D,2008,51(zk1):45-52.
[8]顾树松.柴达木盆地第四系生物气藏的形成与模式[J].天然气工业,1996,16(5):6-9.Gu Shusong.The formation and model of Quaternary biogenic gasreservoirs in Qaidam Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,1996,16(5):6-9.
[9]李本亮,王明明,魏国齐,等.柴达木盆地三湖地区生物气横向运聚成藏研究[J].地质论评,2003,49(1):93-100.Li Benliang,Wang Mingming,Wei Guoqi,et al.Lateral migrationand accumulation of biogenic gas in the Sanhu Area,QaidamBasin[J].Geological Review,2003,49(1):93-100.
[10]党玉琪,张道伟,徐子远,等.柴达木盆地三湖地区第四系沉积相与生物气成藏[J].古地理学报,2004,6(1):110-118.Dang Yuqi,Zhang Daowei,Xu Ziyuan,et al.Sedimentary facies andbiogenic gas pool of the Quaternary of Sanhu area in QaidamBasin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2004,6(1):110-118.
[11]徐子远,姜桂凤,张道伟,等.柴达木盆地第四系中低产层的测井识别及试气验证[J].天然气工业,2001,21(6):5-9.Xu Ziyuan,Jiang Guifeng,Zhang Daowei,et al.Well loggingdistinguishing and test of gas well verifying of moderate and low payzone in Quaternary[J].Natural Gas Industry,2001,21(6):5-9.
[12]顾树松.柴达木盆地东部第四系气田形成条件和勘探实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.Gu Shusong.Quaternary gas fields accumulation and exploration inEastern Qaidam Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1993.
[13]张彭熹.柴达木盆地盐湖[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.Zhang Pengxi.The salt lakes in Qaidam Basin[M].Beijing:SciencePress,1987.
[14]顾树松.柴达木盆地东部第四系气藏的地球物理异常信息探讨[J].石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(增刊1):1-6.Gu Shusong.Discussion on information of geophysical anomalies ofQuaternary biogenetic gas in eastern part of Qaidam Basin[J].OilGeophysical Prospecting,1997,32(Supp.1):1-6.
[15]吴光大.应用烃类直接检测技术预测天然气藏[J].石油物探,1994,33(2):58-65.Wu Guangda.Natural gas prediction using direct hydrocarbondetection technique[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,1994,33(2):58-65.
[16]吴光大.柴达木盆地东部第四系典型气藏特征[J].石油学报,1995,16(1):10-16.Wu Guangda.The feature of typical Quaternary gas reservoirs ineastern part of Qaidam Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1995,16(1):10-16.
[17]李盛汉.油气重力异常的特征与分离[J].石油物探,1997,36(4):70-76.Li Shenghan.The feature and separation of hydrocarbon gravityanomaly[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,1997,36(4):70-76.
[18]李盛汉,彭章池,郑毅.重磁力及土壤地球化学测量在柴达木盆地东部地区的应用效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(增刊2):200-208.Li Shenghan,Peng Zhangchi,Zheng Yi.Application results ofgravity,magnetic and soil geochemical surveys in eastern part ofQaidam Basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1994,29(Supp.2):200-208.
[19]范振普,李光耀.高精度重力勘探在柴达木盆地东部测区的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(增刊2):125-133,139.Fan Zhenpu,Li Guangyao.Application of high precision gravityexploration in east survey region of Qaidam Basin[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting,1997,32(Supp.2):125-133,139.
[20]李卢玲,张用夏,周伏洪.柴达木盆地航磁直接找气的地质效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,1987,22(2):163-168,216.Li Luling,Zhang Yongxia,Zhou Fuhong.The geological effect ofdirect exploring the hydrocarbon reservoir in Qaidam basin usingairborne magnetic survey[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1987,22(2):163-168,216.
[21]王志强,王财富,徐子远,等.柴达木盆地三湖地区电磁异常分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(4):457-461.Wang Zhiqiang,Wang Caifu,Xu Ziyuan,et al.Analysis onelectromagnetic anomaly of shallow gas deposit in Sanhu area ofQaidam basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(4):457-461.
[22]王桂宏,张友焱,岳兵,等.柴达木盆地第四系气田构造遥感信息提取[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(4):7-9.Wang Guihong,Zhang Youyan,Yue Bing,et al.The remote sensinginterpretation of gas structures in eastern area of Qiadam Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1998,25(4):7-9.
[23]王桂宏,马力宁,夏响华,等.柴达木盆地第四系气田遥感综合勘探研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(5):59-61.Wang Guihong,Ma Lining,Xia Xianghua,et al.Integrated remotesensing hydrocarbon exploration in Eastern Qaidam Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(5):59-61.
[24]王桂宏,张友焱,王世洪,等.柴达木盆地东部第四系局部构造形成的控制因素及分布规律[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(2):45-47.Wang Guihong,Zhang Youyan,Wang Shihong,et al.Formation anddistribution of local Quaternary structures in eastern Qaidam basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2000,27(2):45-47.
[25]王志强,王财富,徐子远,等.柴达木盆地三湖地区磁力异常形成机理研究与异常分析[J].地质找矿论丛,2008,23(4):339-342,347.Wang Zhiqiang,Wang Caifu,Xu Ziyuan,et al.Study on mechanismof magnetic anomaly in Sanhu area,Qaidam basin and analysis of theanomaly[J].Contributions to Geology and Mineral ResourcesResearch,2008,23(4):339-342,347.
[26]张春林,庞雄奇,梅海,等.微生物油气勘探技术在岩性气藏勘探中的应用:以柴达木盆地三湖坳陷为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(3):310-315.Zhang Chunlin,Pang Xiongqi,Mei Hai,et al.Application ofmicrobial oil surveying to exploration of lithologic gas reservoirs:Acase from the Sanhu Depression,Qaidam Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(3):310-315.
[27]徐子远.柴东生物气勘探的实践与思考[J].中国石油勘探,2006,11(6):33-37.Xu Ziyuan.Practice and thinking of biogenetic gas exploration in theeast of Qaidam basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2006,11(6):33-37.
[2]姜桂凤,孔红喜,侯泽生,等.柴达木盆地生物气资源潜力评价[J].新疆石油地质,2005,26(4):363-366.Jiang Guifeng,Kong Hongxi,Hou Zesheng,et al.Assessment ofbiogenetic gas reservoir potential in Qaidam Basin[J].XinjiangPetroleum Geology,2005,26(4):363-366.
[3]徐子远,谢丽,张道伟,等.柴达木盆地第四系生物气的勘探历程与储量现状[J].新疆石油地质,2005,26(4):437-440.Xu Ziyuan,Xie Li,Zhang Daowei,et al.Exploration courses andreserves state of Quaternary biogas in Qaidam Basin[J].XinjiangPetroleum Geology,2005,26(4):437-440.
[4]张晓宝,徐子远,段毅,等.柴达木盆地三湖地区第四系生物气的形成途径与运聚方式[J].地质论评,2003,49(2):168-174.Zhang Xiaobao,Xu Ziyuan,Duan Yi,et al.Metabolic pathway ofthe Quaternary biogenetic gases and their migration andaccumulation in the Qaidam Basin,China[J].Geological Review,2003,49(2):168-174.
[5]关平,王大锐,黄第藩.柴达木盆地东部生物气与有机酸地球化学研究[J].石油勘探与开发,1995,22(3):41-45.Guan Ping,Wang Darui,Huang Difan.Study on geochemicalcharacteristics of biogenic gas and organic acids,eastern Qaidambasin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1995,22(3):41-45.
[6]马龙,陈洪德,张景廉,等.柴达木盆地第四系生物成因气质疑[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(2):250-256.Ma Long,Chen Hongde,Zhang Jinglian,et al.Queries aboutbiogenesis of Quaternary gas in Qaidam Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(2):250-256.
[7]李剑,严启团,张英,等.柴达木盆地三湖地区第四系生物气盖层封闭机理的特殊性[J].中国科学:D辑,2007,37(增刊Ⅱ):36-42.Li Jian,Yan Qituan,Zhang Ying,et al.The special sealingmechanism of caprock for Quaternary biogenetic gas in Sanhu area,Qaidam Basin[J].Science in China:Series D,2008,51(zk1):45-52.
[8]顾树松.柴达木盆地第四系生物气藏的形成与模式[J].天然气工业,1996,16(5):6-9.Gu Shusong.The formation and model of Quaternary biogenic gasreservoirs in Qaidam Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,1996,16(5):6-9.
[9]李本亮,王明明,魏国齐,等.柴达木盆地三湖地区生物气横向运聚成藏研究[J].地质论评,2003,49(1):93-100.Li Benliang,Wang Mingming,Wei Guoqi,et al.Lateral migrationand accumulation of biogenic gas in the Sanhu Area,QaidamBasin[J].Geological Review,2003,49(1):93-100.
[10]党玉琪,张道伟,徐子远,等.柴达木盆地三湖地区第四系沉积相与生物气成藏[J].古地理学报,2004,6(1):110-118.Dang Yuqi,Zhang Daowei,Xu Ziyuan,et al.Sedimentary facies andbiogenic gas pool of the Quaternary of Sanhu area in QaidamBasin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2004,6(1):110-118.
[11]徐子远,姜桂凤,张道伟,等.柴达木盆地第四系中低产层的测井识别及试气验证[J].天然气工业,2001,21(6):5-9.Xu Ziyuan,Jiang Guifeng,Zhang Daowei,et al.Well loggingdistinguishing and test of gas well verifying of moderate and low payzone in Quaternary[J].Natural Gas Industry,2001,21(6):5-9.
[12]顾树松.柴达木盆地东部第四系气田形成条件和勘探实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.Gu Shusong.Quaternary gas fields accumulation and exploration inEastern Qaidam Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1993.
[13]张彭熹.柴达木盆地盐湖[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.Zhang Pengxi.The salt lakes in Qaidam Basin[M].Beijing:SciencePress,1987.
[14]顾树松.柴达木盆地东部第四系气藏的地球物理异常信息探讨[J].石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(增刊1):1-6.Gu Shusong.Discussion on information of geophysical anomalies ofQuaternary biogenetic gas in eastern part of Qaidam Basin[J].OilGeophysical Prospecting,1997,32(Supp.1):1-6.
[15]吴光大.应用烃类直接检测技术预测天然气藏[J].石油物探,1994,33(2):58-65.Wu Guangda.Natural gas prediction using direct hydrocarbondetection technique[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,1994,33(2):58-65.
[16]吴光大.柴达木盆地东部第四系典型气藏特征[J].石油学报,1995,16(1):10-16.Wu Guangda.The feature of typical Quaternary gas reservoirs ineastern part of Qaidam Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1995,16(1):10-16.
[17]李盛汉.油气重力异常的特征与分离[J].石油物探,1997,36(4):70-76.Li Shenghan.The feature and separation of hydrocarbon gravityanomaly[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,1997,36(4):70-76.
[18]李盛汉,彭章池,郑毅.重磁力及土壤地球化学测量在柴达木盆地东部地区的应用效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(增刊2):200-208.Li Shenghan,Peng Zhangchi,Zheng Yi.Application results ofgravity,magnetic and soil geochemical surveys in eastern part ofQaidam Basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1994,29(Supp.2):200-208.
[19]范振普,李光耀.高精度重力勘探在柴达木盆地东部测区的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(增刊2):125-133,139.Fan Zhenpu,Li Guangyao.Application of high precision gravityexploration in east survey region of Qaidam Basin[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting,1997,32(Supp.2):125-133,139.
[20]李卢玲,张用夏,周伏洪.柴达木盆地航磁直接找气的地质效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,1987,22(2):163-168,216.Li Luling,Zhang Yongxia,Zhou Fuhong.The geological effect ofdirect exploring the hydrocarbon reservoir in Qaidam basin usingairborne magnetic survey[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1987,22(2):163-168,216.
[21]王志强,王财富,徐子远,等.柴达木盆地三湖地区电磁异常分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(4):457-461.Wang Zhiqiang,Wang Caifu,Xu Ziyuan,et al.Analysis onelectromagnetic anomaly of shallow gas deposit in Sanhu area ofQaidam basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(4):457-461.
[22]王桂宏,张友焱,岳兵,等.柴达木盆地第四系气田构造遥感信息提取[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(4):7-9.Wang Guihong,Zhang Youyan,Yue Bing,et al.The remote sensinginterpretation of gas structures in eastern area of Qiadam Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1998,25(4):7-9.
[23]王桂宏,马力宁,夏响华,等.柴达木盆地第四系气田遥感综合勘探研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(5):59-61.Wang Guihong,Ma Lining,Xia Xianghua,et al.Integrated remotesensing hydrocarbon exploration in Eastern Qaidam Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(5):59-61.
[24]王桂宏,张友焱,王世洪,等.柴达木盆地东部第四系局部构造形成的控制因素及分布规律[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(2):45-47.Wang Guihong,Zhang Youyan,Wang Shihong,et al.Formation anddistribution of local Quaternary structures in eastern Qaidam basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2000,27(2):45-47.
[25]王志强,王财富,徐子远,等.柴达木盆地三湖地区磁力异常形成机理研究与异常分析[J].地质找矿论丛,2008,23(4):339-342,347.Wang Zhiqiang,Wang Caifu,Xu Ziyuan,et al.Study on mechanismof magnetic anomaly in Sanhu area,Qaidam basin and analysis of theanomaly[J].Contributions to Geology and Mineral ResourcesResearch,2008,23(4):339-342,347.
[26]张春林,庞雄奇,梅海,等.微生物油气勘探技术在岩性气藏勘探中的应用:以柴达木盆地三湖坳陷为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(3):310-315.Zhang Chunlin,Pang Xiongqi,Mei Hai,et al.Application ofmicrobial oil surveying to exploration of lithologic gas reservoirs:Acase from the Sanhu Depression,Qaidam Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(3):310-315.
[27]徐子远.柴东生物气勘探的实践与思考[J].中国石油勘探,2006,11(6):33-37.Xu Ziyuan.Practice and thinking of biogenetic gas exploration in theeast of Qaidam basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2006,11(6):33-37.
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