绵竹清平8·13群发泥石流成因、特征与发展趋势
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摘要
2010年8月13日凌晨,5·12汶川地震极重灾区绵竹市清平乡发生群发泥石流灾害,27条沟谷发生泥石流,占泥石流沟总数的69.4%,其中以文家沟泥石流最为严重。在调查基础上,分析了8·13特大群发泥石流的成因、特征和发展趋势,并提出了灾后规划重建中的地质安全问题。从成因上看,8·13特大群发泥石流是5·12汶川地震和强降雨共同作用的结果;从特征上来看,泥石流呈现出暴发空间的群发性、启动过程的复杂性、发生过程的持续性,成灾过程的链式性、危害形式的多样性、泥石流规模的放大性和泥石流隐患的隐蔽性等7个方面的特征;清平乡各沟8·13泥石流冲出方量约占物源总量的10%～50%,泥石流存在进一步频发、群发的态势,建议在灾后规划重建的过程中,应全面科学评估清平乡泥石流灾害的链式效应和地质环境容量问题,将地质灾害的防治同规划重建密切结合。
Serious debris flows occurred at 1 o'clock on August 13,2010 in Qingping Country in Mianzhu,Sichuan,which is one of the most serious disaster areas after the 2008-5-12 earthquake.About 27 debris flows broke out almost at the same time and debris flow from Wenjiagou was the most serious one with adeposition volume of 310×104 m3.As many as 9 residents lost their lives unfortunately,about 379 houses were destroyed.As the formation is concerned,this disaster was caused by both the 2008-5-12 earthquake and strong rainfall.In terms of characteristics,7 features were presented,such as group occurrence in space,complexity in initiation process,long duration in occurring process,transitional chain in damaging process,large magnitude and disaster concealment.As discharged materials were less(about 10% to 50%) compared to the total source materials,debris flows will further occur with a higher frequency in Qingping Country.Consequently,geological safety problems including disaster chains and capacity of geological environment must be emphasized and scientific assessment is suggested to be carried out in the course of reconstruction.
Serious debris flows occurred at 1 o'clock on August 13,2010 in Qingping Country in Mianzhu,Sichuan,which is one of the most serious disaster areas after the 2008-5-12 earthquake.About 27 debris flows broke out almost at the same time and debris flow from Wenjiagou was the most serious one with adeposition volume of 310×104 m3.As many as 9 residents lost their lives unfortunately,about 379 houses were destroyed.As the formation is concerned,this disaster was caused by both the 2008-5-12 earthquake and strong rainfall.In terms of characteristics,7 features were presented,such as group occurrence in space,complexity in initiation process,long duration in occurring process,transitional chain in damaging process,large magnitude and disaster concealment.As discharged materials were less(about 10% to 50%) compared to the total source materials,debris flows will further occur with a higher frequency in Qingping Country.Consequently,geological safety problems including disaster chains and capacity of geological environment must be emphasized and scientific assessment is suggested to be carried out in the course of reconstruction.
引文
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[2]钟敦伦,谢洪,书方强,等.四川与重庆泥石流分布及危险度区划图(1∶100万)及说明书[M].成都:成都地图出版社,1997.[ZHONG D L,XIE H,SHUF Q,et al.Map of Debris Flow Distribution and DangerDegree Division in Sichuan and Chongqing(1∶0000000)and Its Explanation[M].Chengdu:Chengdu Cartographic Publishing House,1997.(inChinese)]
[3]谢洪,钟敦伦,矫震,等.2008年汶川地震重灾区的泥石流[J].山地学报,2009,27(4):501-509.[XIE H,ZHONG D L,JIAO Z,et al.Debrisflow in Wenchuan Quake-hit area in 2008[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2009,27(4):501-509.(in Chinese)]
[4]Tang C,Zhu J,Li W L.Rainfall triggered debris flowsafter Wenchuan earthquake[J].Bull Eng GeolEnviron,2009,68:187-194.
[5]许强,裴向军,黄润秋,等.汶川地震大型滑坡研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.[XU Q,PEI XJ,HUANG R Q,et al.Large-scale landslidesinduced by the Wenchuan earthquake[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.(in Chinese)]
[6]谭万沛.泥石流及其灾害的极大值[J].灾害学,1987,2(3):79-83.[TAN W P.Maximum ofdebris flow and disaster[J].Journal ofCatastrophology,1987,2(3):79-83.(inChinese)]
[7]王涛,石菊松,吴树仁,等.汶川地震触发文家沟高速远程滑坡-碎屑流成因机理分析[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(5):631-644.[WANG T,SHI J S,WU S R,et al.Formation mechanism ofWenjiagou high-speed and long-runout debrisavalanche triggered by Whenchun earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering,2010,18(5):631-644.(in Chinese)]
[8]黄河清,赵其华.汶川地震诱发文家沟巨型滑坡-碎屑流基本特征及成因机制初步分析[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(2):168-177.[HUANG HQ,ZHAO Q H.Basic characteristics and preliminarymechanism analysis of large scale rockslide-sturzstrom at Wenjiagou triggered by Whenchunearthquake[J].Journal of Engineering,2010,18(2):168-177.(in Chinese)]
[9]许强.四川省8.13特大泥石流灾害特点、成因与启示[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(5):610-621.[XU Q.The 13 August 2010 catastrophic debrisflow in Sichuan province:characteristics,geneticmechanism and suggestion[J].Journal ofEngineering,2010,18(5):610-621.(inChinese)]
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