西安清真寺木牌楼结构特性与抗震性能分析
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摘要
研究木结构古建筑的结构特性对保护和维修古建筑遗产具有重大意义。文中以西安清真寺木牌楼为研究对象,用弹簧单元模拟榫卯连接的半刚接特性,对其进行有限元数值分析。通过对榫卯连接的非线性接触分析得到了其各方向刚度值;在竖向荷载作用下结构的实际内力远小于其强度设计值,其安全裕度在60%以上;给出了结构的运动微分方程,结构模态分析得出木牌楼前6阶频率及其振型;通过谱分析与时程分析,结果表明木结构古建筑的偏柔特性,并具有较好的减震耗能特性以及榫卯连接"遇强则强"的智能减震特点。分析及计算结果为木结构古建筑的维修和保护提供了理论依据。
The study on the mechanic performance of ancient Chinese timber structures is of great significance.Taking the pai-lou gateways of Xi'an Great Mosque as a research object,and using the spring elements to simulate the semi-rigid mortise-tenon joints,the authors performed a finite element numerical analysis.The stiffness values of mortise-tenon joints were got by nonlinear contact analysis.Under the vertical load,the internal forces of structure are far less than its design value,and the safety margin of the structure is beyond 60%.The equation of motion for the structure was formulated and the first six natural frequencies and the vibration performance of the pai-lou were got by the model analysis.Based on spectrum analysis and time-history analysis,the results show that the ancient Chinese timber structure is flexible,and has a better energy dissipation performance.Analysis results provide the theory basis for maintenance and protection of Chinese ancient timber structures.
The study on the mechanic performance of ancient Chinese timber structures is of great significance.Taking the pai-lou gateways of Xi'an Great Mosque as a research object,and using the spring elements to simulate the semi-rigid mortise-tenon joints,the authors performed a finite element numerical analysis.The stiffness values of mortise-tenon joints were got by nonlinear contact analysis.Under the vertical load,the internal forces of structure are far less than its design value,and the safety margin of the structure is beyond 60%.The equation of motion for the structure was formulated and the first six natural frequencies and the vibration performance of the pai-lou were got by the model analysis.Based on spectrum analysis and time-history analysis,the results show that the ancient Chinese timber structure is flexible,and has a better energy dissipation performance.Analysis results provide the theory basis for maintenance and protection of Chinese ancient timber structures.
引文
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[2]方东平,俞茂宏,宫本裕,等.木结构古建筑结构的计算研究[J].工程力学,2001,18(1):137-144.
[3]李桂荣,郭思栋,朱敏.中国古建筑抗震性能分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2004,24(6):68-72.
[4]姚侃,赵鸿铁.木构古建筑柱与柱础的摩擦滑移隔震机理研究[J].工程力学,2006,23(8):127-131.
[5]高大峰,赵鸿铁,薛建阳.木结构古建筑中斗栱与榫卯节点的抗震性能——试验研究[J].自然灾害学报,2008,17(2):58-64.
[6]罗勇.古建木结构建筑榫卯及构架力学性能与杭震研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2006.
[7]Chen H,Bland ford G E.Finite-element model for thin walled space frame flexible connection behavior[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1991,121(10):1514-1521.
[8]Monforton G R,Wu TS.Matrix analysis of semi-rigid connection steel frame[J].ASCE Struct.Div,1963,89(1):13-42.
[9]Chen W F,Kishi N.Semi-rigid steel beam-to-column connections:data base and modeling[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,1989,115(1):05-119.
[10]Tin-Loi F,Vimonsatit V.Nonlinear analysis of semi-rigid frames:aparametric complementarity approach[J].Engineering Structure,1996,18(2):115-124.
[11]孙修礼,梁书亭,王群依,等.半刚性连接钢管混凝土框架剪力墙结构的动力特性分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(3):93-96.
[12]苏军.中国木结构古建筑抗震性能的研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2007.
[13]李诫(宋).营造法式[M].上海:商务印书馆,1950.
[14]王天.古代大木作静力初探[M].北京:文物出版社,1992.
[15]GB50011-2001建筑抗震设计规范(2008年版)[S].
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