基于整形正则化和S变换的Q值估计方法
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摘要
品质因子Q值是地震勘探的重要物理参数,可用于提高地震资料处理质量和油气藏描述精度。本文提出了一种新的基于整形正则化反演和S变换的Q值估计方法。首先通过S变换得到不同旅行时刻的振幅谱,然后引入整形正则化算子稳定求解不同时刻的频谱比值,最后通过线性拟合估计出地震品质因子。该方法通过正则化技术消除了噪声、反射相干以及变换窗口等引起的算法不稳定问题,得到光滑稳定的频谱比值,有利于最终的线性回归求取Q值。与传统的频谱比值法相比,基于整形正则化技术的方法估计的Q值更为准确。模拟算例和实际地震资料处理结果均表明,该方法可以有效稳定地估计地震资料品质因子。
The seismic quality factor Q is an important physical parameter in seismic exploration.The important information for hydrocarbon exploration can be provided by the factor Q.In this paper,we present a novel method for Q estimate using S-transform with regularized inversion.We first use S-transform to obtain the amplitude spectrum at different given travel time.When using the spectral ratio method,we do the division with shaping regularization,which constrains the ratio to have a desired behavior,such as smoothness.It can avoids the instability of division,which might be caused by noise,interfering reflectors,windowing distorts,etc.We use synthetic examples and a field data example to verify our method.These examples show that this method can estimate Q in stable way and can obtain more precise Q value compared with conventional method.
The seismic quality factor Q is an important physical parameter in seismic exploration.The important information for hydrocarbon exploration can be provided by the factor Q.In this paper,we present a novel method for Q estimate using S-transform with regularized inversion.We first use S-transform to obtain the amplitude spectrum at different given travel time.When using the spectral ratio method,we do the division with shaping regularization,which constrains the ratio to have a desired behavior,such as smoothness.It can avoids the instability of division,which might be caused by noise,interfering reflectors,windowing distorts,etc.We use synthetic examples and a field data example to verify our method.These examples show that this method can estimate Q in stable way and can obtain more precise Q value compared with conventional method.
引文
[1]马昭君,刘洋.地震波衰减反演研究综述.地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1074～1081Ma Zhao-jun,Liu Yang.A summary of research onseismic attenuation.Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4):1074～1081
[2]Hedlin K,Mewhort L,Margrave G.Delineation ofsteamflood using seismic attenuation.SEG Techni-cal Program Expanded Abstracts,2001,20:1572～1575
[3]李景叶,陈小宏.基于地震资料的储层流体识别.石油学报,2008,29(2):235～238Li Jing-ye,Chen Xiao-hong.Reservoir fluid identifi-cation based on seismic data.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(2):235～238
[4]Wang Y H.Astable and efficient approach of inverseQfiltering.Geophysics,2002,67(2):657～663
[5]Tonn R.The determination of the seismic qualityfac-torQfrom VSP data:Acomparison of different com-putational methods.Geophysical Prospecting,1991,39(1):1～27
[6]宫同举,孙成禹,彭洪超等.几种提取品质因子方法的对比分析.勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(4):252～256Gong Tong-ju,Sun Cheng-yu,Peng Hong-chao etal.Comparison of several computational methods ofquality factor.Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2009,32(4):252～256
[7]高静怀,杨森林.利用零偏移VSP资料估计介质品质因子方法研究.地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1198～1209Gao Jin-huai,Yang Sen-lin.On the method of quali-ty factors esti mation fromzerooffset VSP data.Chi-nese J Geophys,2007,50(4):1198～1209
[8]李合群,孟小宏,赵波等.塔里木沙漠区地震数据品质与沙层Q吸收.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(1):28～34Li He-qun,Meng Xiao-hong,Zhao Bo et al.Seismicdata quality and sand layerQabsorption in Tari mDesert area.OGP,2010,45(1):28～34
[9]张固澜,熊晓军,容娇君等.基于改进的广义S变换的地层吸收衰减补偿.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(4):512～515Zhang Gu-lan,Xiong Xiao-jun,Rong Jiao-jun et al.Stratum absorption and attenuation compensationbased on i mproved generalized S-transform.OGP,2010,45(4):512～515
[10]Wang Y H.Quantifying the effectiveness of stabi-lized inverseQfiltering.Geophysics,2003,68(1):337～345
[11]Yang S,Gao J,Chen W,Wang D,Weng B.Com-parisons of four methods used for seismic quality fac-tors esti mation.SEG Technical Program ExpandedAbstracts,2009,28:2472～2476
[12]Stockwell R G,Mansinha L,Lowe D P.Localizationof the complex spectrum:The S transform.IEEETransactions on Signal Processing,1996,44(4):998～1001
[13]Reine C,Van der Baan M,Roger C.The robustnessof seismic attenuation measurements using fixed andvariable-window ti me-frequency transforms.Geo-physics,2009,74(2):WA123～WA135
[14]Fomel S.Shaping regularization in geophysical esti-mation problems.Geophysics,2007,72(2):R29～R36
[15]Fomel S.Local seismic attributes.Geophysics,2007,72(3):A29～A33
[16]Fomel S.Adaptive multiple subtraction using regu-larized nonstationary regression.Geophysics,2009,74(1):V25～V33
[17]Liu G,Fomel S,Chen X.Ti me-frequency character-ization of seismic data using local attributes.SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts,2009,28:1825～1829
[18]Gabor D.Theory of communication.Journal of theInstitute of Electrical Engineering,1946,93(26):429～457
[19]王典,刘财,刘洋,刘国昌.基于提升算法和百分位数软阈值的小波去噪技术.地球物理学进展,2008,23(4):1124～1130Wang Dian,Liu Cai,Liu Yang,Liu Guo-chang.Ap-plication of wavelet transformbased onlifting schemeand percentiles soft-threshold to eli mination of seismicrandomnoise.Progressin Geophysics,2008,23(4):1124～1130
[20]Pinnegar C,Mansinha L.The S-transform with win-dows of arbitrary and varying shape.Geophysics,2003,68(1):381～385
[21]Parolai S.Denoising of seismograms using the Stransform.Bulletin of the Seismological Society ofAmerica,2009,99(1):226～234
[22]Tikhonov A N.Solution of incorrectly formulatedproblems and the regularization method.SovietMathematical Doklady,1963,4,1035～1038
[23]Fomel S.Nonlinear shaping regularization in geo-physical inverse problems.SEG Technical ProgramExpanded Abstracts,2008,27:2046～2050
[2]Hedlin K,Mewhort L,Margrave G.Delineation ofsteamflood using seismic attenuation.SEG Techni-cal Program Expanded Abstracts,2001,20:1572～1575
[3]李景叶,陈小宏.基于地震资料的储层流体识别.石油学报,2008,29(2):235～238Li Jing-ye,Chen Xiao-hong.Reservoir fluid identifi-cation based on seismic data.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(2):235～238
[4]Wang Y H.Astable and efficient approach of inverseQfiltering.Geophysics,2002,67(2):657～663
[5]Tonn R.The determination of the seismic qualityfac-torQfrom VSP data:Acomparison of different com-putational methods.Geophysical Prospecting,1991,39(1):1～27
[6]宫同举,孙成禹,彭洪超等.几种提取品质因子方法的对比分析.勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(4):252～256Gong Tong-ju,Sun Cheng-yu,Peng Hong-chao etal.Comparison of several computational methods ofquality factor.Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2009,32(4):252～256
[7]高静怀,杨森林.利用零偏移VSP资料估计介质品质因子方法研究.地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1198～1209Gao Jin-huai,Yang Sen-lin.On the method of quali-ty factors esti mation fromzerooffset VSP data.Chi-nese J Geophys,2007,50(4):1198～1209
[8]李合群,孟小宏,赵波等.塔里木沙漠区地震数据品质与沙层Q吸收.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(1):28～34Li He-qun,Meng Xiao-hong,Zhao Bo et al.Seismicdata quality and sand layerQabsorption in Tari mDesert area.OGP,2010,45(1):28～34
[9]张固澜,熊晓军,容娇君等.基于改进的广义S变换的地层吸收衰减补偿.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(4):512～515Zhang Gu-lan,Xiong Xiao-jun,Rong Jiao-jun et al.Stratum absorption and attenuation compensationbased on i mproved generalized S-transform.OGP,2010,45(4):512～515
[10]Wang Y H.Quantifying the effectiveness of stabi-lized inverseQfiltering.Geophysics,2003,68(1):337～345
[11]Yang S,Gao J,Chen W,Wang D,Weng B.Com-parisons of four methods used for seismic quality fac-tors esti mation.SEG Technical Program ExpandedAbstracts,2009,28:2472～2476
[12]Stockwell R G,Mansinha L,Lowe D P.Localizationof the complex spectrum:The S transform.IEEETransactions on Signal Processing,1996,44(4):998～1001
[13]Reine C,Van der Baan M,Roger C.The robustnessof seismic attenuation measurements using fixed andvariable-window ti me-frequency transforms.Geo-physics,2009,74(2):WA123～WA135
[14]Fomel S.Shaping regularization in geophysical esti-mation problems.Geophysics,2007,72(2):R29～R36
[15]Fomel S.Local seismic attributes.Geophysics,2007,72(3):A29～A33
[16]Fomel S.Adaptive multiple subtraction using regu-larized nonstationary regression.Geophysics,2009,74(1):V25～V33
[17]Liu G,Fomel S,Chen X.Ti me-frequency character-ization of seismic data using local attributes.SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts,2009,28:1825～1829
[18]Gabor D.Theory of communication.Journal of theInstitute of Electrical Engineering,1946,93(26):429～457
[19]王典,刘财,刘洋,刘国昌.基于提升算法和百分位数软阈值的小波去噪技术.地球物理学进展,2008,23(4):1124～1130Wang Dian,Liu Cai,Liu Yang,Liu Guo-chang.Ap-plication of wavelet transformbased onlifting schemeand percentiles soft-threshold to eli mination of seismicrandomnoise.Progressin Geophysics,2008,23(4):1124～1130
[20]Pinnegar C,Mansinha L.The S-transform with win-dows of arbitrary and varying shape.Geophysics,2003,68(1):381～385
[21]Parolai S.Denoising of seismograms using the Stransform.Bulletin of the Seismological Society ofAmerica,2009,99(1):226～234
[22]Tikhonov A N.Solution of incorrectly formulatedproblems and the regularization method.SovietMathematical Doklady,1963,4,1035～1038
[23]Fomel S.Nonlinear shaping regularization in geo-physical inverse problems.SEG Technical ProgramExpanded Abstracts,2008,27:2046～2050
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