四川震区土地整理安全性评价及措施
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摘要
四川汶川地震及引发的次生地质灾害造成四川全省22701个村受灾,耕地损毁约129500hm2,建设用地损毁约114500hm2,灾后重建任务艰巨。土地整理是实施灾后重建的有效手段,而安全性评价是开展灾后土地整理和灾后土地利用的基础。该文对四川震区灾后重建土地整理安全性评价的因素进行了分析,选择距发震断裂带距离、岩土体类型、相对高差、地形坡度等作为土地整理安全性评价指标,根据发生灾害的危险程度,对影响因素进行危险程度分级。采取单因素评价叠加法将四川震区划分为土地整理高危险区、土地整理中危险区、土地整理一般危险区。高危险区主要位于龙门山地震活动断裂带200m以内,相对高差500m以上,地形坡度>25°的中高山峡谷地区;中危险区主要位于地震断裂带200～500m,相对高差200～500m,地形坡度介于15°～25°的低山丘陵地区;低危险区主要位于地震断裂带500m以外,相对高差低于200m,地形坡度<15°的浅丘平原地区。同时该文针对各区域土地损毁和利用特点提出了灾后重建土地整理措施。
Earthquake and secondary geological disasters damaged 129 500 hm2 farming land,114 500 hm2 construction land and 22 701 villages in Wenchuan County,Sichuan Province,thus reconstruction of land arrangements after earthquake is very arduous.Land arrangements are the effective measures for implementation of reconstruction after disasters,and the security evaluation of land arrangements are the foundation of rearrangement and reuse of land after disasters.In this paper,factors of security evaluation of reconstructed the land arrangements of seismic region post-disaster were analyzed.Distance away from the earthquake fault zone,type of rock soil body,angle of terrain slope and relative high altitude were selected for influence factors of land arrangements security evaluating.According to the possibility of the disasters happen,the influence factors were divided into different danger ranks.Taking single-factor superposition method evaluation,the Sichuan seismic region was divided into high-risk areas,warning areas and general warning areas.The land arrangements high-risk danger area,in which the distance was less than 200 m away from the Longmen mountain earthquake fault zone,the relative high altitude was more than 500 m,and the terrain slope was more than 25°,mainly constitutes of rock mass stave or soft with hard interaction and so on easy slippery gneiss.The land arrangements warning area is within the earthquake fault zone 200-500 m,the relative high altitude was 200-500 m,the terrain slope was 15°-25°,mainly constitutes of the diluvial level or the soft with hard interaction and so on easy slippery gneiss.The land arrangements general warning area,in which was 500 m apart from the earthquake fault zone,the terrain slope was less than 15°,and the relative high altitude was less than 200 m.This paper put forward the objective and measures of land consolidation post-disaster.
Earthquake and secondary geological disasters damaged 129 500 hm2 farming land,114 500 hm2 construction land and 22 701 villages in Wenchuan County,Sichuan Province,thus reconstruction of land arrangements after earthquake is very arduous.Land arrangements are the effective measures for implementation of reconstruction after disasters,and the security evaluation of land arrangements are the foundation of rearrangement and reuse of land after disasters.In this paper,factors of security evaluation of reconstructed the land arrangements of seismic region post-disaster were analyzed.Distance away from the earthquake fault zone,type of rock soil body,angle of terrain slope and relative high altitude were selected for influence factors of land arrangements security evaluating.According to the possibility of the disasters happen,the influence factors were divided into different danger ranks.Taking single-factor superposition method evaluation,the Sichuan seismic region was divided into high-risk areas,warning areas and general warning areas.The land arrangements high-risk danger area,in which the distance was less than 200 m away from the Longmen mountain earthquake fault zone,the relative high altitude was more than 500 m,and the terrain slope was more than 25°,mainly constitutes of rock mass stave or soft with hard interaction and so on easy slippery gneiss.The land arrangements warning area is within the earthquake fault zone 200-500 m,the relative high altitude was 200-500 m,the terrain slope was 15°-25°,mainly constitutes of the diluvial level or the soft with hard interaction and so on easy slippery gneiss.The land arrangements general warning area,in which was 500 m apart from the earthquake fault zone,the terrain slope was less than 15°,and the relative high altitude was less than 200 m.This paper put forward the objective and measures of land consolidation post-disaster.
引文
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[2]JieYing Wu,Michael K.Lindell,Housing reconstruction after two major earthquakes:The1994northridge earthquake in the United States and the1999Chi-chi earthquake in Taiwan[J].Disasters,2004,28(1):63-81;
[3]Bahar gedikli.Urbanization and land-use planning in Adapazari(Turkey)reconsidered after the1999earthquake[J].Journal of Housing and the Built Environment,2005,20:79-91.
[4]Bao W K,Pang X Y.Ecological degradation in the wenchuan earthquake seriously affected regionin Sichuan,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied&Environmental Biology,2008,14(4):441-444.
[5]Garwood N C,Janos D P,Brokaw N.Earthquake caused landslides:amaj or disturbance to tropical forests[J].Science,1979,205:997-999.
[6]徐淑升.国内外灾后重建经验与启示[J].环境保护,2008,(13):21-26.
[7]国土资源部.《四川汶川地震灾后重建土地利用规划》[R].2008年8月.
[8]国土资源部土地整理中心.《土地整理专家谈震后重建》[R].2008年7月.
[9]国家土地管理局规划司.国内外土地整理借鉴[M].中国大地出版社,1998年.
[10]四川省国土资源厅.四川省汶川地震灾毁耕地农民安置分析报告[R].2008年7月.
[11]国土资源部.土地开发整理规划编制规程[S].TD/T1011-2000.
[12]国土资源部.土地开发整理项目规划设计规范[S].TD/T1012-2000.
[13]国土资源部.土地开发整理项目验收规程[S].TD/T1013-2000.
[14]国土资源部、四川省国土资源厅.《地质灾害排查与地质环境安全性评价》[R].2008年7月.
[15]中国科学院.《地震重灾区资源环境承载能力评价》[R].2008年7月.
[16]贾燕.地震灾区恢复重建研究:以农村地震为例[D].北京:中国地震局地质研究所,2006:10-20.Jia Yan.A Study on Restoration and Reconstruction of Stricken Areas by Earthquakes:A Case Analysis of Rural Regions[D].Beijing:Institute of Geology,China Earhtquake Administration,2006:10-20.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]国土资源部.《土地开发整理规划编制手册》[R].2002年:2-5.
[18]刘岗,董毓敏,陶军德,等.县级土地开发整理复垦规划初探[J].国土与自然资源研究,2000,(4):38-40.Liu Gang,Dong Shumin,Tao Junde,et al.Discussion on land arrangement and reclaim planning at county level[J].Territory and Natural Resources Study,2000,(4):38-40.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]毕凌岚,沈中."5-12汶川大地震"受灾城镇重建规划的若干建议[J].规划师,2008,24(7):26-29.Bi Linglan,Shen Zhong.Some planning suggestions on reconstruction after the earthquake of Wenchuan[J].Planners,2008,24(7):26-29.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]刘兴诗.汶川大地震的回顾与反思[J].成都理工大学学报:社会科学版,2008,16(2):1-6.Liu Xingshi.Review and reflection on wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan[J].Journal of Chengdu University:Technology Social Sciences,2008,16(2):1-6.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]吴宁,卢涛罗鹏,等.地震对山地生态系统的影响:以5-12汶川大地震为例[J].生态学报,2008,28(12):17-25.Wu Ning,Lu Tao,Luo Peng,et al.A review of the impacts of earthquake on mountain ecosystems:Taking5.12Wenchuan Earthquake as an example[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(12):17-25.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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