川东北-大巴山盆山体系岩石圈结构及浅深变形耦合
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摘要
近年来,盆山体系研究已经成为大陆动力学的热点和前沿领域之一。为了进一步理解大巴山前陆的构造演化,解决该区油气勘探的关键问题,中国地质科学院与中国石化南方公司合作,2007年完成了一条300km长的深地震反射剖面。基于深地震反射剖面提供的岩石圈结构的几何图式和深地震测深剖面提供的速度数据,作者分析了川东北-大巴山盆山体系的岩石圈结构特征,探讨了变形样式与岩石圈结构的关系,提出了对大巴山造山带形成的新认识。川东北-大巴山盆山体系继承了扬子克拉通基底。较大的岩石圈厚度和强度,导致扬子克拉通在与华北克拉通拼合后的陆内造山过程中,将其收缩变形集中在其顶部而不是中下地壳,区域性的拆离层使盖层和基底解耦,结晶地壳保持弹性只出现大尺度的挠曲几乎没有横向缩短,故大巴山造山带表现为"薄皮"、"无根"的特征。大巴山造山带的席卷深度和变形样式主要受区域性的深部滑脱面控制,该滑脱面发育于寒武系底部泥岩层内,由TWT4.0s反射所指示。沿该滑脱面,城口断裂将南秦岭震旦系和古生界地层逆冲到浅表并向南西推覆60km叠置于四川盆地中-古生界地层之上;且镇巴断裂和城口断裂均收敛于该滑脱层,其下伏的变质岩层基本未卷入变形。
Recently, the research of basin-mountain system has become one of the hotspots of the frontier research fields in the study of continental geodynamics. For deeper understanding tectonic evolution of Dabashan foreland and to resolve key problem of petroleum exploration this area, a deep seismic reflection profile with a length of 300km was conducted in 2007 by cooperation of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (CAGS) and Southern Exploration and Development Division Company of SINOPEC (SEDDC). Based on the geometry of lithosphere structure from deep seismic reflection profile and the velocity data from Deep Seismic Sounding profiles (DSS), the authors have made an analysis on the feature of lithosphere structure of northeastern Sichuan-Dabashan basin-range system and some discusses on the relationship between deformation style and lithosphere structures, and then update understanding Dabashan orogen. The basement of Yangtze craton extends beneath whole northeastern Sichuan-Dabashan basin-range system. The larger thickness and strength of lithosphere result in Yangtze craton focus its contract deformation rather at the top of crust than middle-to-lower crust in the process of intracontinental orogeny after Yangtze spliced with North China craton. Due to regional deep decollement decoupled the sedimentary cover and basement, the crystalline rock crust keep rigidity and just behave in large scale bending hardly evident lateral shorting,so that the Dabashan orogen shows us feature of ‘thin-skinned structure’ and rootless. The deformation styles and involved depth of Dabashan orogen is dominated by a regional deep decollement existing within the base of mudstone rock layer of lower Cambrian system and marked by TWT 4.0 second reflectors. Along this decollement, the Chengkou fault thrust the strata Sinian System-Lower Paleozoic to shallow and surface moreover overthrust them about 60km to SW onto strata Mesozoic-Paleozoic of northeastern Sichuan basin. The Zhenba fault and Chengkou fault also get gently and vanished at it in deep. The underlying metamorphic rock layers are nearly not involved into deformation.
Recently, the research of basin-mountain system has become one of the hotspots of the frontier research fields in the study of continental geodynamics. For deeper understanding tectonic evolution of Dabashan foreland and to resolve key problem of petroleum exploration this area, a deep seismic reflection profile with a length of 300km was conducted in 2007 by cooperation of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (CAGS) and Southern Exploration and Development Division Company of SINOPEC (SEDDC). Based on the geometry of lithosphere structure from deep seismic reflection profile and the velocity data from Deep Seismic Sounding profiles (DSS), the authors have made an analysis on the feature of lithosphere structure of northeastern Sichuan-Dabashan basin-range system and some discusses on the relationship between deformation style and lithosphere structures, and then update understanding Dabashan orogen. The basement of Yangtze craton extends beneath whole northeastern Sichuan-Dabashan basin-range system. The larger thickness and strength of lithosphere result in Yangtze craton focus its contract deformation rather at the top of crust than middle-to-lower crust in the process of intracontinental orogeny after Yangtze spliced with North China craton. Due to regional deep decollement decoupled the sedimentary cover and basement, the crystalline rock crust keep rigidity and just behave in large scale bending hardly evident lateral shorting,so that the Dabashan orogen shows us feature of ‘thin-skinned structure’ and rootless. The deformation styles and involved depth of Dabashan orogen is dominated by a regional deep decollement existing within the base of mudstone rock layer of lower Cambrian system and marked by TWT 4.0 second reflectors. Along this decollement, the Chengkou fault thrust the strata Sinian System-Lower Paleozoic to shallow and surface moreover overthrust them about 60km to SW onto strata Mesozoic-Paleozoic of northeastern Sichuan basin. The Zhenba fault and Chengkou fault also get gently and vanished at it in deep. The underlying metamorphic rock layers are nearly not involved into deformation.
引文
Cao JM,Zhu JS and Wu DC.1994.Crustal velocity structure of easternQinling.Journal of Chengdu Institute of Technology,21(1):11-17(in Chinese with English abstract)
Cloetingh S,Balen van RT,Voorde ter M,Zoetemeijer BP and Bezemerden T.1997.Mechanical aspects of sedimentary basin formation:Development of integrated models for lithospheric and surfaceprocesses.Geol.Rundsch.,86:226-240
Cui ZZ,Chen JP and Wu L.1996.Altay-Taiwan GGT:Texture andStructure of Huashixia-Shaoyang deep crust.Beijing:GeologicalPublishing House,114-141(in Chinese with English abstract)
Gao CL,Liu GX,Zhang YZ and Ji RS.2003.Thrusting nappe structureand oil-gas potential in eastern Qinling and Daba mountain.Petroleum Geology&Experiment,25(Suppl.):523-531(inChinese with English abstract)
Guo ZW,Deng KL and Han YH.1996.Formation and Evolution ofSichuan Basin.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1-200(inChinese)
He JK,Lu HF,Zhang QL and Zhu B.1997.The thrust tectonics and itstranspressive geodynamics in southern Dabashan Mountain.Geological Journal of China Universities,3(4):419-428(inChinese with English abstract)
He JK,Liu FT,Liu JH and Sun RM.1998.relationship betweendistribution of Moho beneath eastern Qinling orogenic belt and thedeep process collision orogenic belt.Acta Geophysica Sinica,41(Suppl.):64-76(in Chinese with English abstract)
He JK,Lu HF and Zhu B.1999.The tectonic inversion and itsgeodynamic processes in northern Daba Mountains of eastern Qinlingorogenic belt.Scientia Geologica Sinica,34(2):139-153(inChinese with English abstract)
Le GY.1998.Tectonic characteristics and tectonic evolution of Dabashanorogenic belt and its foreland basin.J.Mineral.Petrol.,18(Suppl.):8-15(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li YH,Wu QJ and Zhang RQ.2009.The lthospheric S-velocitystructiure of the western Yangtze craton inferred from surface wavesinversion.Chinese J.Geophys.,52(7):1757-1767(in Chinesewith English abstract)
Li ZK and Ding ZY.2007.A tentative discussion on characteristic of theDaba mountain nappe structure.Geophysical&GeochemicalExploration,31(6):495-498(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li ZW,Liu SG,Luo YH,Liu S nd Xu GQ.2006.Formation andevolution of Dabashan foreland basin and fold-and-thrust belt,Sichuan,China.Geotectonica et Metallogenia30(3):294-304(inChinese with English abstract)
Liu JH,Liu FT,Sun RM,Wu H and Wu D.1995.Seismic tomographybeneath Qinling-Dabie orogenic belts and both the northern andsouthern fringe.Acta Geophysica Sinica,38(1):46-54(inChinese with English abstract)
Liu S,Liu SG,Li ZW,Gong ZQ and Sun W.2005.Analysis of jointsfrom the Meso-Cenozoic tectonic stress field in the west section ofSouth Dabashan fault-fold belt in China.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),32(4):345-350(in Chinese with English abstract)
Liu SG,Li ZW,Liu S,Luo YH,Xu GQ,Dai GH,Gong CM and GongZQ.2006.Formation and Evolution of Dabashan Foreland Basin andFold-and-Thrust Belt,Sichuan,China.Beijing:GeologicalPublishing House,202-223(in Chinese)郭何
Ma YS,Guo XS,Guo TL,Huang R,Cai XY and Li GX.2005.Discovery of the large-scale Puguang gas field in the Sichuan basinand its enlightenment for hydrocarbon prospecting.GeologicalReview,51(4):477-480(in Chinese with English abstract)
Nelson KD,Baird DJ,Waiters JJ,Hauck M,Brown LD,Oliver JE,Ahern JL,Hajnal Z,Jones AG and Sloss LL.1993.Trans-Hudsonorogen and Williston basin in Montana and North Dakota:NewCOCORP deep-profiling results.Geology,21,447-450
Shen CB,Mei LF,Xu ZP and Tang JG.2007.Achitecture and tectonicevolution of composite basin-mountain system in Sichuan basin andits adjacent areas.Geptectonica Et Metallogenia,31(3):288-299(in Chinese with English abstract)
Song HB and Luo ZL.1995.The study of the basement and deepgeological structure of Sichuan basin,China.Earth ScienceFrontiers,2(3-4):231-237(in Chinese with English abstract)
Sun RM,Liu FT and Liu JH.1991.Seismic tomography of Sichuan.Acta Geophysica Sinica,34(6):708-716(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Ulmishek G.1990.Geologic evolution and petroleum resources of theBaltic basin.In:Leighton MW,Kolata DR,Oltz DF and Eidel JJ(eds.).Interior Cratonic Basins.AAPG Memoir,51:603-632
Wang ZC,Zhao WZ,Xu AN,Li DH and Cui Y.2006.Structure stylesand their deformation mechanism of Daba Shan foreland thrust belt inthe north of Sichuan basin.Geoscience,(3):429-435(in Chinesewith English abstract)
Wu GY and Ma L.2004.Orogeny and coupled/decoupled basin,development:A review.Geotectonica et Metallogenia,28(1):81-97(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu ZQ,Lu YL,Tang YQ,Mattauer M,Matte PH,Malavieille J,Tapponnier P and Maluski H.1986.Deformation characteristic andtectonic evolution of the eastern Qinling orogenic belt.ActaGeologica Sinica,(3):237-247(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Xu Y,Li ZW,Huang RQ,Liu JH and Liu JS.2010.Pn-wave velocityand anisotropy of the western Sichuan and Longmen mountain region,China.Science China(Earth Science),53(11):1665-1670
Yuan BQ and Zhang GW.2005.The correlation between the effectiveelastic thickness of the continental lithosphere and some relatedgeophysical parameters:A case study of the Quanzhou-Heishuigeoscience transect.Acta Geoscienica Sinica,26(3):203-208(inChinese with English abstract)
Zhang GW,Zhang BR,Yuan XC and Xiao QH.2001.Qingling OrogenicBelt and Geodynamics.Beijing:Science Press,1-55(in Chinesewith English abstract)
曹家敏,朱介寿,吴德超.1994.东秦岭地区的地壳速度结构.成都理工学院学报,21(1):11-17
崔作舟,陈纪平,吴苓.1996.阿尔泰-台湾地学断面综合研究:花石峡-邵阳深部地壳的结构与构造.北京:地质出版社:114-141
高长林,刘光祥,张玉箴,吉让寿.2003.东秦岭-大巴山逆冲推覆构造与油气远景.石油实验地质,25(增刊):523-531
郭正吾,邓康龄,韩永辉.1996.四川盆地形成与演化.北京:地质出版社,1-200
何建坤,卢华复,张庆龙,朱斌.1997.南大巴山冲断构造及其剪切挤压动力学机制.高校地质学报,3(4):419-428
何建坤,刘福田,刘建华,孙若昧.1998.东秦岭Moho面展布与碰撞造山带深部过程的关系.地球物理学报,41(增):64-76
何建坤,卢华复,朱斌.1999.东秦岭造山带南缘北大巴山构造反转及其动力学.地质科学,34(2):139-153
乐光禹.1998.大巴山造山带及其前陆盆地的构造特征和构造演化.矿物岩石,18(增):8-15
李永华,吴庆举,张瑞青等.2009.用面波方法研究上扬子克拉通壳幔速度结构.地球物理学报,52(7):1757-1767
李占奎,丁燕云.2007.大巴山推覆构造特征的探讨.物探与化探,31(6):495-498
李智武,刘树根,罗玉宏,刘顺,徐国强.2006.南大巴山前陆冲断带构造样式及变形机制分析.大地构造与成矿学,30(3):294-304
刘建华,刘福田,孙若昧,吴华,吴丹.1995.秦岭-大别造山带及其南北缘地震层析成像.地球物理学报,38(1):46-54
刘树根,李智武,刘顺,罗玉宏,徐国强,戴国汗,龚昌明,雍自权.2006.大巴山前陆盆地-冲断带的形成演化.北京:地质出版社,1-221
刘顺,刘树根,李智武,雍自权,孙玮.2005.南大巴山褶断带西段中新生代构造应力场的节理研究.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),32(4):345-350
马永生,郭旭升,郭彤楼,黄锐,蔡勋育,李国雄.2005.四川盆地普故按大型气田的发现与勘探启示.地质论评,51(4):477-480
沈传波,梅廉夫,徐振平,汤济广.2007.四川盆地符合盆山体系的结构构造和演化.大地构造与成矿学,31(3):288-299
宋鸿彪,罗志立.1995.四川盆地基底及深部地质结构研究的进展.地学前缘,2(3-4):231-237
孙若昧,刘福田,刘建华.1991.四川地区的地震层析成像.地球物理学报,34(6):708-716
汪泽成,赵文智,徐安娜,李登华,崔瑛.2006.四川盆地北部大巴山山前带构造样式与变形机制.现代地质,20(3):429-435
吴根耀,马力.2004.“盆”、“山”耦合和脱耦,进展,现状和努力方向.大地构造与成矿学,28(1):81-97
许志琴,卢一伦,汤耀庆,Mattauer M,Matte Ph,Malavieille J,Tapponnier P,Maluski H.1986.东秦岭造山带的变形特征及构造演化.地质学报,60(3):237-247
袁炳强,张国伟.2005.大陆岩石圈有效弹性厚度与有关地球物理参数的关系.地球学报,26(3):203-208
张国伟,张本仁,袁学诚,肖庆辉.2001.秦岭造山带与大陆动力学.北京:科学出版社,1-55
Cloetingh S,Balen van RT,Voorde ter M,Zoetemeijer BP and Bezemerden T.1997.Mechanical aspects of sedimentary basin formation:Development of integrated models for lithospheric and surfaceprocesses.Geol.Rundsch.,86:226-240
Cui ZZ,Chen JP and Wu L.1996.Altay-Taiwan GGT:Texture andStructure of Huashixia-Shaoyang deep crust.Beijing:GeologicalPublishing House,114-141(in Chinese with English abstract)
Gao CL,Liu GX,Zhang YZ and Ji RS.2003.Thrusting nappe structureand oil-gas potential in eastern Qinling and Daba mountain.Petroleum Geology&Experiment,25(Suppl.):523-531(inChinese with English abstract)
Guo ZW,Deng KL and Han YH.1996.Formation and Evolution ofSichuan Basin.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1-200(inChinese)
He JK,Lu HF,Zhang QL and Zhu B.1997.The thrust tectonics and itstranspressive geodynamics in southern Dabashan Mountain.Geological Journal of China Universities,3(4):419-428(inChinese with English abstract)
He JK,Liu FT,Liu JH and Sun RM.1998.relationship betweendistribution of Moho beneath eastern Qinling orogenic belt and thedeep process collision orogenic belt.Acta Geophysica Sinica,41(Suppl.):64-76(in Chinese with English abstract)
He JK,Lu HF and Zhu B.1999.The tectonic inversion and itsgeodynamic processes in northern Daba Mountains of eastern Qinlingorogenic belt.Scientia Geologica Sinica,34(2):139-153(inChinese with English abstract)
Le GY.1998.Tectonic characteristics and tectonic evolution of Dabashanorogenic belt and its foreland basin.J.Mineral.Petrol.,18(Suppl.):8-15(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li YH,Wu QJ and Zhang RQ.2009.The lthospheric S-velocitystructiure of the western Yangtze craton inferred from surface wavesinversion.Chinese J.Geophys.,52(7):1757-1767(in Chinesewith English abstract)
Li ZK and Ding ZY.2007.A tentative discussion on characteristic of theDaba mountain nappe structure.Geophysical&GeochemicalExploration,31(6):495-498(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li ZW,Liu SG,Luo YH,Liu S nd Xu GQ.2006.Formation andevolution of Dabashan foreland basin and fold-and-thrust belt,Sichuan,China.Geotectonica et Metallogenia30(3):294-304(inChinese with English abstract)
Liu JH,Liu FT,Sun RM,Wu H and Wu D.1995.Seismic tomographybeneath Qinling-Dabie orogenic belts and both the northern andsouthern fringe.Acta Geophysica Sinica,38(1):46-54(inChinese with English abstract)
Liu S,Liu SG,Li ZW,Gong ZQ and Sun W.2005.Analysis of jointsfrom the Meso-Cenozoic tectonic stress field in the west section ofSouth Dabashan fault-fold belt in China.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),32(4):345-350(in Chinese with English abstract)
Liu SG,Li ZW,Liu S,Luo YH,Xu GQ,Dai GH,Gong CM and GongZQ.2006.Formation and Evolution of Dabashan Foreland Basin andFold-and-Thrust Belt,Sichuan,China.Beijing:GeologicalPublishing House,202-223(in Chinese)郭何
Ma YS,Guo XS,Guo TL,Huang R,Cai XY and Li GX.2005.Discovery of the large-scale Puguang gas field in the Sichuan basinand its enlightenment for hydrocarbon prospecting.GeologicalReview,51(4):477-480(in Chinese with English abstract)
Nelson KD,Baird DJ,Waiters JJ,Hauck M,Brown LD,Oliver JE,Ahern JL,Hajnal Z,Jones AG and Sloss LL.1993.Trans-Hudsonorogen and Williston basin in Montana and North Dakota:NewCOCORP deep-profiling results.Geology,21,447-450
Shen CB,Mei LF,Xu ZP and Tang JG.2007.Achitecture and tectonicevolution of composite basin-mountain system in Sichuan basin andits adjacent areas.Geptectonica Et Metallogenia,31(3):288-299(in Chinese with English abstract)
Song HB and Luo ZL.1995.The study of the basement and deepgeological structure of Sichuan basin,China.Earth ScienceFrontiers,2(3-4):231-237(in Chinese with English abstract)
Sun RM,Liu FT and Liu JH.1991.Seismic tomography of Sichuan.Acta Geophysica Sinica,34(6):708-716(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Ulmishek G.1990.Geologic evolution and petroleum resources of theBaltic basin.In:Leighton MW,Kolata DR,Oltz DF and Eidel JJ(eds.).Interior Cratonic Basins.AAPG Memoir,51:603-632
Wang ZC,Zhao WZ,Xu AN,Li DH and Cui Y.2006.Structure stylesand their deformation mechanism of Daba Shan foreland thrust belt inthe north of Sichuan basin.Geoscience,(3):429-435(in Chinesewith English abstract)
Wu GY and Ma L.2004.Orogeny and coupled/decoupled basin,development:A review.Geotectonica et Metallogenia,28(1):81-97(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu ZQ,Lu YL,Tang YQ,Mattauer M,Matte PH,Malavieille J,Tapponnier P and Maluski H.1986.Deformation characteristic andtectonic evolution of the eastern Qinling orogenic belt.ActaGeologica Sinica,(3):237-247(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Xu Y,Li ZW,Huang RQ,Liu JH and Liu JS.2010.Pn-wave velocityand anisotropy of the western Sichuan and Longmen mountain region,China.Science China(Earth Science),53(11):1665-1670
Yuan BQ and Zhang GW.2005.The correlation between the effectiveelastic thickness of the continental lithosphere and some relatedgeophysical parameters:A case study of the Quanzhou-Heishuigeoscience transect.Acta Geoscienica Sinica,26(3):203-208(inChinese with English abstract)
Zhang GW,Zhang BR,Yuan XC and Xiao QH.2001.Qingling OrogenicBelt and Geodynamics.Beijing:Science Press,1-55(in Chinesewith English abstract)
曹家敏,朱介寿,吴德超.1994.东秦岭地区的地壳速度结构.成都理工学院学报,21(1):11-17
崔作舟,陈纪平,吴苓.1996.阿尔泰-台湾地学断面综合研究:花石峡-邵阳深部地壳的结构与构造.北京:地质出版社:114-141
高长林,刘光祥,张玉箴,吉让寿.2003.东秦岭-大巴山逆冲推覆构造与油气远景.石油实验地质,25(增刊):523-531
郭正吾,邓康龄,韩永辉.1996.四川盆地形成与演化.北京:地质出版社,1-200
何建坤,卢华复,张庆龙,朱斌.1997.南大巴山冲断构造及其剪切挤压动力学机制.高校地质学报,3(4):419-428
何建坤,刘福田,刘建华,孙若昧.1998.东秦岭Moho面展布与碰撞造山带深部过程的关系.地球物理学报,41(增):64-76
何建坤,卢华复,朱斌.1999.东秦岭造山带南缘北大巴山构造反转及其动力学.地质科学,34(2):139-153
乐光禹.1998.大巴山造山带及其前陆盆地的构造特征和构造演化.矿物岩石,18(增):8-15
李永华,吴庆举,张瑞青等.2009.用面波方法研究上扬子克拉通壳幔速度结构.地球物理学报,52(7):1757-1767
李占奎,丁燕云.2007.大巴山推覆构造特征的探讨.物探与化探,31(6):495-498
李智武,刘树根,罗玉宏,刘顺,徐国强.2006.南大巴山前陆冲断带构造样式及变形机制分析.大地构造与成矿学,30(3):294-304
刘建华,刘福田,孙若昧,吴华,吴丹.1995.秦岭-大别造山带及其南北缘地震层析成像.地球物理学报,38(1):46-54
刘树根,李智武,刘顺,罗玉宏,徐国强,戴国汗,龚昌明,雍自权.2006.大巴山前陆盆地-冲断带的形成演化.北京:地质出版社,1-221
刘顺,刘树根,李智武,雍自权,孙玮.2005.南大巴山褶断带西段中新生代构造应力场的节理研究.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),32(4):345-350
马永生,郭旭升,郭彤楼,黄锐,蔡勋育,李国雄.2005.四川盆地普故按大型气田的发现与勘探启示.地质论评,51(4):477-480
沈传波,梅廉夫,徐振平,汤济广.2007.四川盆地符合盆山体系的结构构造和演化.大地构造与成矿学,31(3):288-299
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