灾变事件地层斜坡滑塌(带)堆积的特征——以滇西保山地区上三叠统南梳坝组为例
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摘要
保山地块保山地区三叠系上统南梳坝组研究程度较差,以往的资料多侧重于岩石地层、生物地层的研究,沉积环境资料甚少。通过1∶5万保山幅等8幅区域地质调查,在南梳坝组中发现了灰岩滑塌岩块、下超面、饥饿沉积、水道砾岩、粒序层理、复理石韵律及槽模、沟模等一系列非常重要的沉积相资料,认为其沉积环境为斜坡-盆地环境,总体为一套浊积岩,其中的同沉积"褶皱"、同沉积断层、大量的滑塌面、各种类型的滑塌褶皱组成了3条较大规模的滑塌带,是斜坡环境的沉积物在地震作用触发下形成的,剖面结构"不合理",明显具有灾变事件地层的特征。灰岩滑塌岩块有极浓的油气味,显示出生储存油气的良好环境。因此,重塑三叠系上统南梳坝组的古地理环境,不仅对发展沉积学、地层学有重要意义,而且对于寻找烃源岩也有重要的现实意义。
Researches on Upper Triassic Nanshuba Formation(T3n) in Baoshan area of Baoshan block are very insufficient.In the 1∶50000 Baoshan sheet,the 1∶200000 Fengqin sheet and the 1∶250000 Dali City sheet have been completed,which,however,mainly lay emphasis on the study of rock-strata and biostratigraphy.The data of the sedimentary environment are very few.Through regional geological survey of 1∶50000 Baoshan sheet and other seven sheets,the authors found a series of very important data of sedimentary facies,such as limestone slumping rock-block,downlap surface,hunger deposition,channel conglomerate,graded bedding,flysch rhythm and flute cast and groove cast at the upper Triassic Nanshuba Formation in Baoshan area.The authors hold that the sedimentary environment is a slope-basin environment.On the whole,that exist a set of turbidites,which include contemporaneous folds,contemporaneous faults,large amounts of slumping surfaces,various types of slumping fold,which constitute three relatively large-scale slumping zones.The stratigraphic characteristics of the sediments were formed by the triggering of earthquakes in a slope environment,and the profile structure is unreasonable,suggesting obviously a catastrophic event.In the limestone slump,rock block has strong hydrocarbon flavor,implying a good environment for oil generation and storage.Therefore,the restoration of the geographic environment of Upper Triassic Nanshuba Formation not only has very important significance for the development of sedimentology and stratigraphy but also is of remarkable practical importance in search for hydrocarbon source rocks.
Researches on Upper Triassic Nanshuba Formation(T3n) in Baoshan area of Baoshan block are very insufficient.In the 1∶50000 Baoshan sheet,the 1∶200000 Fengqin sheet and the 1∶250000 Dali City sheet have been completed,which,however,mainly lay emphasis on the study of rock-strata and biostratigraphy.The data of the sedimentary environment are very few.Through regional geological survey of 1∶50000 Baoshan sheet and other seven sheets,the authors found a series of very important data of sedimentary facies,such as limestone slumping rock-block,downlap surface,hunger deposition,channel conglomerate,graded bedding,flysch rhythm and flute cast and groove cast at the upper Triassic Nanshuba Formation in Baoshan area.The authors hold that the sedimentary environment is a slope-basin environment.On the whole,that exist a set of turbidites,which include contemporaneous folds,contemporaneous faults,large amounts of slumping surfaces,various types of slumping fold,which constitute three relatively large-scale slumping zones.The stratigraphic characteristics of the sediments were formed by the triggering of earthquakes in a slope environment,and the profile structure is unreasonable,suggesting obviously a catastrophic event.In the limestone slump,rock block has strong hydrocarbon flavor,implying a good environment for oil generation and storage.Therefore,the restoration of the geographic environment of Upper Triassic Nanshuba Formation not only has very important significance for the development of sedimentology and stratigraphy but also is of remarkable practical importance in search for hydrocarbon source rocks.
引文
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[5]王义昭,李兴林,段丽兰,等.三江地区南段大地构造与成矿[M].北京:地质出版社,2000.
[6]钟大赉,等.滇川西部古特提期造山带[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[7]董致中,王伟.云南省牙形石类动物群[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2006:128-146.
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[9]刘晖,操应长,徐涛玉,等.沉积坡折带控砂的模拟实验研究[J].山东科技大学学报,2007,26(1):34-37.
[10]鄢继华,陈世悦,宋国奇.三角洲前缘滑塌浊积岩形成过程初探[J].沉积学报,2004,22(4):573-577.
[11]李成钢,范奉鑫,阎军.东海陆架前缘斜坡北部的滑塌带[J].海洋科学,2000,31(5):90-92.
[12]刘保华,李西双,赵月霞.滑塌和重力流是陆架向海槽输送物质的重要方式[J].海洋与湖沼,2005,36(1):1-9.
[13]乔秀夫.中国震积岩的研究与展望[J].地质评论,1996,42(4):317-319.
[14]徐开礼,朱志澄.构造地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,2006.
[15]魏家庸,卢重明,徐怀艾.沉积岩区1∶5万区域地质填图方法指南[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1991:29-86.
[16]乔秀夫,宋天锐,高志林,等.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列[J].地质学报,1994,68(1):16-32.
[17]宋天锐.北京十三陵前寒武碳酸盐岩地层中的一套可能的地震-海啸序列[J].科学通报,1988,38(8):609-611.
[18]梁定益,聂泽同,万晓樵,等.试论震积岩及震积不整合——以川西、滇西为例[J].现代地质,1991,5(2):138-145.
[19]梁定益,聂泽同,宋志敏.再论震积岩及震积不整合——以川西、滇西为例[J].地球科学,1994,19(6):845-849.
[20]燕守勋,王桂梁,邵震杰,等.鲁西地壳隆升的伸展构造模式[J].地质学报,1996,70(1):1-9.
[21]马杏垣.论伸展构造[J].地球科学,1982,3(18):15-20.
①云南省地质局区域地质调查队.1∶20万保山幅区域地质调查报告.1980.
②云南省地质局区测队.1∶100万下关幅区域地质调查报告.1965.
③云南省地质调查院.1∶25万大理市幅区域地质调查报告.2008.
④云南省地质调查院.1∶25万凤庆县幅区域地质调查报告.2008.
⑤云南省地质调查院.1∶25万临沧幅区域地质调查报告.2003.
⑥云南省地质局区调队.1∶20万凤庆幅区域地质调查报告.1981.
[2]刘宝珺,曾允孚.岩相古地理工作方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1985:154-173.
[3]云南省地质矿产局.云南省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1990.
[4]张远志,张定辉,刘世荣.云南省岩石地层[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1996:221-312.
[5]王义昭,李兴林,段丽兰,等.三江地区南段大地构造与成矿[M].北京:地质出版社,2000.
[6]钟大赉,等.滇川西部古特提期造山带[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[7]董致中,王伟.云南省牙形石类动物群[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2006:128-146.
[8]钟建华,李理.黄河断流后三角洲(水上平原)的滑塌构造研究[J].沉积学报,2000,18(1):7-11.
[9]刘晖,操应长,徐涛玉,等.沉积坡折带控砂的模拟实验研究[J].山东科技大学学报,2007,26(1):34-37.
[10]鄢继华,陈世悦,宋国奇.三角洲前缘滑塌浊积岩形成过程初探[J].沉积学报,2004,22(4):573-577.
[11]李成钢,范奉鑫,阎军.东海陆架前缘斜坡北部的滑塌带[J].海洋科学,2000,31(5):90-92.
[12]刘保华,李西双,赵月霞.滑塌和重力流是陆架向海槽输送物质的重要方式[J].海洋与湖沼,2005,36(1):1-9.
[13]乔秀夫.中国震积岩的研究与展望[J].地质评论,1996,42(4):317-319.
[14]徐开礼,朱志澄.构造地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,2006.
[15]魏家庸,卢重明,徐怀艾.沉积岩区1∶5万区域地质填图方法指南[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1991:29-86.
[16]乔秀夫,宋天锐,高志林,等.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列[J].地质学报,1994,68(1):16-32.
[17]宋天锐.北京十三陵前寒武碳酸盐岩地层中的一套可能的地震-海啸序列[J].科学通报,1988,38(8):609-611.
[18]梁定益,聂泽同,万晓樵,等.试论震积岩及震积不整合——以川西、滇西为例[J].现代地质,1991,5(2):138-145.
[19]梁定益,聂泽同,宋志敏.再论震积岩及震积不整合——以川西、滇西为例[J].地球科学,1994,19(6):845-849.
[20]燕守勋,王桂梁,邵震杰,等.鲁西地壳隆升的伸展构造模式[J].地质学报,1996,70(1):1-9.
[21]马杏垣.论伸展构造[J].地球科学,1982,3(18):15-20.
①云南省地质局区域地质调查队.1∶20万保山幅区域地质调查报告.1980.
②云南省地质局区测队.1∶100万下关幅区域地质调查报告.1965.
③云南省地质调查院.1∶25万大理市幅区域地质调查报告.2008.
④云南省地质调查院.1∶25万凤庆县幅区域地质调查报告.2008.
⑤云南省地质调查院.1∶25万临沧幅区域地质调查报告.2003.
⑥云南省地质局区调队.1∶20万凤庆幅区域地质调查报告.1981.
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