几次大震前的地面和空间电磁场变化
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摘要
本文应用非线性谱估计方法(MEM方法)、电/磁场脉冲能量统计方法,处理了四川汶川M_S8.0(2008)、新疆于田M_s7.3(2008)和青海玉树M_s7.1(2010)地震及强余震附近的地面电/磁场和Demeter卫星电离层磁场观测数据,研究了地震电/磁场变化,得到:在震中附近及周围出现了震前地电/地磁场极低频成分功率谱密度(PSD)增大、电磁脉冲能量增大的电/磁异常现象;在出现地面电磁异常的时段内,电离层磁场出现了PSD增大、磁脉冲能量增大的震前磁异常现象.最后,我们讨论了地面、电离层电磁异常现象的机制.
This paper studied the changes of the geo-electric,geo-magnetic fields around the M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan(2008),the M_S7.3 Yutian earthquake in Xinjiang(2008) and the M_S7.1 Yushu earthquake in Qinghai(2010) and their strong aftershocks,and the changes of the ionospheric magnetic field over the Wenchuan,Yutian and Yushu areas using the non-linear power spectrum estimation method(Maximum Entropy Method,for short "MEM") and the statistical methods of the electric/magnetic field pulse energy.Some significant geo-electromagnetic phenomena were seen,which included the increased power spectrum density(PSD) of the ELF components of the geo-electric and geo-magnetic fields,and the increases of the electromagnetic pulse energy of the fields recorded at the geo-electromagnetic disturbance stations and the geo-electric field stations.It is very interesting that such electromagnetic anomalous phenomena appeared on the ground as well as in the ionosphere in the same time period.Finally,we discussed the mechanism of the electromagnetic phenomena on the ground and in the ionosphere.
This paper studied the changes of the geo-electric,geo-magnetic fields around the M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan(2008),the M_S7.3 Yutian earthquake in Xinjiang(2008) and the M_S7.1 Yushu earthquake in Qinghai(2010) and their strong aftershocks,and the changes of the ionospheric magnetic field over the Wenchuan,Yutian and Yushu areas using the non-linear power spectrum estimation method(Maximum Entropy Method,for short "MEM") and the statistical methods of the electric/magnetic field pulse energy.Some significant geo-electromagnetic phenomena were seen,which included the increased power spectrum density(PSD) of the ELF components of the geo-electric and geo-magnetic fields,and the increases of the electromagnetic pulse energy of the fields recorded at the geo-electromagnetic disturbance stations and the geo-electric field stations.It is very interesting that such electromagnetic anomalous phenomena appeared on the ground as well as in the ionosphere in the same time period.Finally,we discussed the mechanism of the electromagnetic phenomena on the ground and in the ionosphere.
引文
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[16]李宁,杜学彬,谭大诚等.松山观测台地震短临电磁现象.地震,2007,27(增刊):103-111 Li N,Du X B,Tan D C,et al.Imminent electro-magnetic phenomenon related to earthquakes recorded at the Songshan Station.Earthquake(in Chinese),2007,27(Suppl.):103- 111
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[19]Huang Q H.Controlled analogue experiments on propagation of seismic electromagnetic signals.Chin.Sci.Bull.,2005, 50(17):1956-1961
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[21]郝锦绮,钱书清,高金田等.岩石破裂过程中的超低频电磁异常.地震学报,2003,25(1):102-111 Hao J Q,Qian S Q,Gao J T,et al.ULF electric and magnetic anomalies accompanying the cracking of rock sample.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2003,25 (1):102-111
[22]Huang Q H.One possible generation mechanism of coseismic electric signals.Proc.Japan Academy,2002,78 (7):173-178
[23]郭自强,周大庄,施行觉等.岩石破裂中的电子发射.地球物理学报,1988,31(5):566-571 Guo Z Q,Zhou D Z,Shi X J,et al.Electron emission during rock fracture.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica)(in Chinese),1988,31(5):566-571
[24]钱书清,吕智,任克新.地震电磁辐射前兆不同步现象物理机制的实验研究.地震学报,1998,20(5):535-540 Qian S Q,L(u|¨) Z,Ren K X.Experimental study on the mechanism of non-synchronism of seismo-electromagnetic radiation precursors.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese), 1998,20(5):535-540
[25]Ishido T,Pritchett J W.Numerical simulation of electrokinetic ??potentials associated with subsurface fluid flow.J.Geophys. Res.,1999,104(B7):15247-15259
[26]Yamada I,Masuda K,Mizutani H.Electromagnetic and acoustic emission associated with rock fracture.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,1989,57(1-2):157-168
[27]Lagouttea D,Brochota J Y,de Carvalhoa D.et al.The DEMETER science mission centre.Planetary and Space Science,2006,54(5):428-440
[28]Cress G O,Brady B T,Rowell G A.Sources of electromagnetic radiation from fracture of rock samples in the laboratory.Geophys.Res.Lett.,1987,14(4):381-334
[29]Enomoto Y,Hashimoto H.Transient electrical activity accompanying rock under indentation loading.Tectonophysics, 1992,211(1-4):337-344
[30]杜学彬.在地震预报中的两类视电阻率变化.中国科学-D辑,2010,40(10):1321-1330 Du X B.Two types of changes in apparent resistivity in earthquake prediction.Science in China-Series D(in Chinese), 2010,40(10):1321-1330
[31]Cussac T,Clair M A,Ultre-Guerard P,et al.The DEMETER microsatellite and ground segment.Planet. Space.Sci.,2006,54(5):413-427
[32]Parrot M.Use of satellites to detect seismo-electromagnetic effects.Adv.SpaceRes.,1995,15(11):27-35
[33]Parrot M.Special issue:First results of the DEMETER micro-satellite.Planetary and Space Science,2006,54(5): 411-557
[34]Pulinets S A,Boyarchuk K A.Ionospheric Precursors of Earthquakes.New York:Springer.2004
[35]Pulinets S A,Contreras A L,Bisiacchi-Giraldi G,et al. Total electron content variations in the ionosphere before the Colima,Mexico,earthquake of 21 January 2003.GeofiSica Internacional,2005,44(4):369-377
[36]Danilov A D,Lastovika J.Effects of geomagnetic storms on the ionosphere and atmosphere.Int.J.Geomagn.Aeron., 2001,2(3):209-224
[37]Liu J Y,Chen Y I,Chuo J Y,et al.A statistical study of ionospheric precursors of M>5.0 earthquakes.EGS-AGU-EUG Joint.Assembly,Nice,France.2003,18(1):6-11
[38]Bhattacharya S,Sarkar S.Gwal A K,et al.Electric and magnetic field perturbations recorded by DEMETER satellite before seismic events of the 17~(th) July 2006 M7.7 earthquake in Indonesia.Journal of Asian Earth Science,2009,34(5): 634-644
[39]Voitov G I,Dobrovolsky I P.Chemical and isotopiccarbon instabilities of the native gas flows in seismically active regions.Izvesliya Earth Science,1994,3:20-31
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