热带气旋引起的震颤波
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摘要
在中国地震台网的宽频数字地震计和倾斜、重力仪的观测中,记录到来自西太平洋热带气旋(热带风暴、台风)引起的震颤波.通过对2006年来自西太平洋的全部热带气旋的分析,以及所观测到的震颤波与气旋运动过程中强度的变化、运动路径、观测点与其之间的距离变化等方面的分析研究得到以下结论:震颤信号的持续时间与热带气旋的生命过程基本相符,其中出现强震颤的时间大多为2～3天,特征为信号的包络线呈纺锤状叠加在观测背景上,震颤波的主要频率范围为0.13～0.33 Hz(周期:3～7 s).我国内陆大部分区域内的宽频地震计、重力仪、倾斜仪等都能清晰记录到这类由热带气旋引起的震颤波.震颤波的强度主要与热带气旋的强度、运动路径以及气旋中心到地震观测台站的距离这几个因素直接相关;而震颤波的变化过程与热带气旋的运动和变化过程密切相关,其中强震颤波的出现时间与气旋过大陆板块边界进入大陆架的时间一致.经对热带气旋的结构、运动规律及动力学特点的了解分析,初步分析认为其主要源于热带气旋运动过程中与浅海区大陆架及陆地表面的摩擦、气压载荷变化以及由此产生的海浪对地壳板块的冲击,及板块边界断层对气旋扰动的响应.此外,我们对北印度洋孟加拉湾生成并在缅甸登陆的热带气旋也进行了实例分析.结果表明:与西太平洋相比,北印度洋热带气旋引起的震颤波对我国大陆的地震观测而言信号较弱.
This paper reports the tremor triggered by the tropic cyclone.The character of tremor signal is that the envelope like a spindle overlaps with the observational background curve, with a duration of 2 to 3 days, and the tremor frequency domain in the range of 0.13 to 0.33 Hz (period 3 s to 7 s).Most of the broadband seismometer, tiltmeter and gravimeter in China mainland can record the tremor.We study the cross-correlation between the cyclone and tremor.The result shows that the intensity, moving path of the cyclone and the distances between the cyclone and stations have strong cross-correlation with tremor.Based on this result, we conclude that this tremor is caused by the friction and the interaction between cyclone and the continental shelf, the surface of the earth and ocean, and the fault of plate responding to cyclone.Besides we study the cyclone generated in Bay of Bengal in North Indian Ocean and landed in Myanmar.The result shows that comparing to the cyclone in Western Pacific ocean, the cyclone generated in North Indian Ocean has little effect on tremor observed in China mainland.
This paper reports the tremor triggered by the tropic cyclone.The character of tremor signal is that the envelope like a spindle overlaps with the observational background curve, with a duration of 2 to 3 days, and the tremor frequency domain in the range of 0.13 to 0.33 Hz (period 3 s to 7 s).Most of the broadband seismometer, tiltmeter and gravimeter in China mainland can record the tremor.We study the cross-correlation between the cyclone and tremor.The result shows that the intensity, moving path of the cyclone and the distances between the cyclone and stations have strong cross-correlation with tremor.Based on this result, we conclude that this tremor is caused by the friction and the interaction between cyclone and the continental shelf, the surface of the earth and ocean, and the fault of plate responding to cyclone.Besides we study the cyclone generated in Bay of Bengal in North Indian Ocean and landed in Myanmar.The result shows that comparing to the cyclone in Western Pacific ocean, the cyclone generated in North Indian Ocean has little effect on tremor observed in China mainland.
引文
[1] Obara K. Nonvolcanic deep tremor associated with subduction in southwest Japan. Science, 2002,296 (5565) : 1679～1681
[2] Rogers G, Dragert H. Episodic tremor and slip on the Cascadia subduction zone: The chatter of silent slip. Science, 2003,300 : 1942～ 1943
[3] Shelly D R, Beroza G C, Ide S, et al. Low-frequency earthquakes in Shikoku, Japan, and their relationship to episodic tremor and slip. Nature, 2006, 442 : 188～ 191
[4] Ito Y, Obara K, Shiomi K, et al. Slow earthquakes coincident with episodic tremors and slow slip events. Science,2007,315(5811) :503～506
[5] Rubinstein J L, Rocca M La, Vidale J E, et al. Tidal Modulation of Nonvolcanic Tremor. Science, 2008, 319 (5860) : 186～ 189
[6] 张雁滨,蒋骏,廖盈春等.宽频地震计及倾斜、重力仪对长周期波动信号的综合观测.地震学报,2008,30(6) :626～633Zhang Y B,Jiang J, Liao Y C, et al. Joint observation of long period tremor signals with broadband seismometer, tiltmeter and gravimeter. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 2008,21 (6) : 629 ～635
[7] 张雁滨,蒋骏,吕永清等.宽频地震观测中强震前的异常波动信号探究.中国地震学会第十二次学术大会论文摘要专集.国际地震动态,2008,11(359) :37Zhang Y B, Jiang J, Lui Y Q, et al. Research of abnormalous wave before a strang earthquake by broadband
seismometer observation. Recnt Developmentsin World Seismology (in Chinese), 2008, 11(Serial No. 359) :37
[8] 陈联寿.台风研究和预报问题的评述.大气科学,1977,(2) :138～148Chen L S. Reviews of research and forecast of Typhoon. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese), 1977,(2) : 138～148
[9] 葛耀君,赵林,项海帆.基于极值风速预测的台风数值模型评述.自然灾害学报,2003,12(3) :31～40Ge Y J, Zhao L, Xiang H F. Review for numerical typhoon models based on extreme wind velocity prediction . Journal of Natural Disasters (in Chinese), 2003,12 (3) : 31～40
[10] 陈联寿,罗哲贤,李英.登陆热带气旋研究进展.气象学报,2004,62(5) :541～549Chen L S, Luo Z X, Li Y. Research advances on tropical cyclone landfall process. Acta Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese) ,2004,62(5) :541～549
[11] 罗哲贤,陈联寿.地形对涡旋Rossby波影响的研究.自然科学进展,2003,13(4) :372～377Luo Z X, Chen L S. A Study of the Effect of Topography on the Vortex Rossby waves. Progress in Natural Science (in Chinese), 2003,13(4) :372～377
[12] 徐祥德,张胜军,陈联寿等.台风涡旋螺旋波及其波列传播动力学特征:诊断分析.地球物理学报,2004,47(1) :33～41Xu X D, Zhang S J, Chen L S, et al. Dynamic characteristics of typhoon vortex spiral wave and its translation: a diagnostic analyses. Chinese J . Geophys ( in Chinese), 2004, 47 (1) : 33～41
[13] Joan Gomberg, Justin L. Rubinstein, Zhigang Peng, et al. Widespread Triggering of Nonvolcanic Tremor in California. Science, 2008,319 : 173
[14] 傅容珊,万柯松,崇加军等.地震前兆还是其他因素?-与“汶川大地震宽带地震仪短临异常及成因初探”作者商榷.地球物理学报,2009,52(2) :584～589Fu R S,Wan K S, Chong J J, et al. Earthquake auspice or other factor? Discuss with authors of the paper “The short term anomalies detected by broadband seismographs before the May 12 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China”. Chinese J . Geophys (in Chinese), 2009,52(2) : 584～589
[15] 易鹏程.震颤信号的起始时间判断与定位.武汉:华中科技大学物理学院[学位论文],2009Yi P C. Estimation of tremor start-time and location. Wuhan: School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology [Graduation thesis] (in Chinese), 2009
[16] Liu Chiching, Alan T. Linde, I. Selwyn Sacks. Slow earthquakes triggered by typhoons. Nature, 2009,459 : 833 ～836
[2] Rogers G, Dragert H. Episodic tremor and slip on the Cascadia subduction zone: The chatter of silent slip. Science, 2003,300 : 1942～ 1943
[3] Shelly D R, Beroza G C, Ide S, et al. Low-frequency earthquakes in Shikoku, Japan, and their relationship to episodic tremor and slip. Nature, 2006, 442 : 188～ 191
[4] Ito Y, Obara K, Shiomi K, et al. Slow earthquakes coincident with episodic tremors and slow slip events. Science,2007,315(5811) :503～506
[5] Rubinstein J L, Rocca M La, Vidale J E, et al. Tidal Modulation of Nonvolcanic Tremor. Science, 2008, 319 (5860) : 186～ 189
[6] 张雁滨,蒋骏,廖盈春等.宽频地震计及倾斜、重力仪对长周期波动信号的综合观测.地震学报,2008,30(6) :626～633Zhang Y B,Jiang J, Liao Y C, et al. Joint observation of long period tremor signals with broadband seismometer, tiltmeter and gravimeter. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 2008,21 (6) : 629 ～635
[7] 张雁滨,蒋骏,吕永清等.宽频地震观测中强震前的异常波动信号探究.中国地震学会第十二次学术大会论文摘要专集.国际地震动态,2008,11(359) :37Zhang Y B, Jiang J, Lui Y Q, et al. Research of abnormalous wave before a strang earthquake by broadband
seismometer observation. Recnt Developmentsin World Seismology (in Chinese), 2008, 11(Serial No. 359) :37
[8] 陈联寿.台风研究和预报问题的评述.大气科学,1977,(2) :138～148Chen L S. Reviews of research and forecast of Typhoon. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese), 1977,(2) : 138～148
[9] 葛耀君,赵林,项海帆.基于极值风速预测的台风数值模型评述.自然灾害学报,2003,12(3) :31～40Ge Y J, Zhao L, Xiang H F. Review for numerical typhoon models based on extreme wind velocity prediction . Journal of Natural Disasters (in Chinese), 2003,12 (3) : 31～40
[10] 陈联寿,罗哲贤,李英.登陆热带气旋研究进展.气象学报,2004,62(5) :541～549Chen L S, Luo Z X, Li Y. Research advances on tropical cyclone landfall process. Acta Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese) ,2004,62(5) :541～549
[11] 罗哲贤,陈联寿.地形对涡旋Rossby波影响的研究.自然科学进展,2003,13(4) :372～377Luo Z X, Chen L S. A Study of the Effect of Topography on the Vortex Rossby waves. Progress in Natural Science (in Chinese), 2003,13(4) :372～377
[12] 徐祥德,张胜军,陈联寿等.台风涡旋螺旋波及其波列传播动力学特征:诊断分析.地球物理学报,2004,47(1) :33～41Xu X D, Zhang S J, Chen L S, et al. Dynamic characteristics of typhoon vortex spiral wave and its translation: a diagnostic analyses. Chinese J . Geophys ( in Chinese), 2004, 47 (1) : 33～41
[13] Joan Gomberg, Justin L. Rubinstein, Zhigang Peng, et al. Widespread Triggering of Nonvolcanic Tremor in California. Science, 2008,319 : 173
[14] 傅容珊,万柯松,崇加军等.地震前兆还是其他因素?-与“汶川大地震宽带地震仪短临异常及成因初探”作者商榷.地球物理学报,2009,52(2) :584～589Fu R S,Wan K S, Chong J J, et al. Earthquake auspice or other factor? Discuss with authors of the paper “The short term anomalies detected by broadband seismographs before the May 12 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China”. Chinese J . Geophys (in Chinese), 2009,52(2) : 584～589
[15] 易鹏程.震颤信号的起始时间判断与定位.武汉:华中科技大学物理学院[学位论文],2009Yi P C. Estimation of tremor start-time and location. Wuhan: School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology [Graduation thesis] (in Chinese), 2009
[16] Liu Chiching, Alan T. Linde, I. Selwyn Sacks. Slow earthquakes triggered by typhoons. Nature, 2009,459 : 833 ～836
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