一种适合多源地球物理数据三维可视化的快速空间索引技术
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摘要
识别复杂地质条件下的地质构造,常需要融合多种地球物理探测技术的数据进行分析,应用地球物理数据三维可视化技术可以更好地解释复杂的地质现象,传统的可视化方法由于缺乏对多源地球物理数据一体化的存储管理与索引机制,使得在对大范围多源地球物理数据进行空间局部更加精细可视化时的效率很低.为了更有效地洞察研究区域的地下构造,本文研究了适合多源地球物理数据三维可视化技术的快速空间索引技术.首先根据各类地球物理数据空间分布特点,提出了一种改进的四叉树结构,用于建立对多源地球物理数据一体化存储与管理.接着利用该数据结构,文章现实了多源地球物理数据快速空间查询的机制.将此结构和机制服务于大规模多源地球物理数据精细尺度下的三维可视化,提高对特定空间范围的局部多源地球物理数据动态可视化的效率.最后给出了该数据结构下空间查询与可视化的效率分析,并通过实验对整个算法的效率进行了验证.实验表明,通过建立相应的索引机制,可在大规模多源地球物理数据条件下更高效地展示任意位置岩矿石多个物理特性之间的空间关系,为多源地球物理数据的三维可视化提供技术支撑.
It is widely accepted that the data prospected by multiple geophysical methods are integrated to analyze and recognize the geological structure in complicated geological conditions.The complex geological phenomena could be interpreted better by the 3D-visualization technology of geophysical data.The traditional visualization methods are lack of the integrated mechanisms of storage,management and indexing for multi-source geophysical data,and that will lead very low efficiency when partial of wide-ranged and multi-source geophysical data in space need more precise visualization.In order to insight into the underground structure of the study area more effectively,we have studied a fast spatial indexing method suitable for the 3D-visulization of multi-source geophysical data in this paper.Firstly,according to the spatial distribution characteristics of various geophysical data,we propose a modified quadtree structure to establish the integrated storage and management of multi-source geophysical data.Then,we utilize this data structure to propose a fast spatial searching mechanism of multi-source geophysical data.This structure and mechanism can be used to serve for the fine-scale 3D-visualization of wide-ranged and multi-source geophysical data,and improve the efficiency of dynamic visualization for partial multi-source geophysical data in specific spatial scope.Finally,the efficiency analysis of spatial searching and visualization under this data structure is given,and the efficiency of the whole algorithms is verified by experiments.The experiments indicate that it can show the spatial relationships of physical properties of rocks and minerals at any location more efficiently under the condition of wide-ranged and multi-source geophysical data by establishing corresponding indexing mechanism,and provide a technical support for 3D-visulization of multi-source geophysical data.
It is widely accepted that the data prospected by multiple geophysical methods are integrated to analyze and recognize the geological structure in complicated geological conditions.The complex geological phenomena could be interpreted better by the 3D-visualization technology of geophysical data.The traditional visualization methods are lack of the integrated mechanisms of storage,management and indexing for multi-source geophysical data,and that will lead very low efficiency when partial of wide-ranged and multi-source geophysical data in space need more precise visualization.In order to insight into the underground structure of the study area more effectively,we have studied a fast spatial indexing method suitable for the 3D-visulization of multi-source geophysical data in this paper.Firstly,according to the spatial distribution characteristics of various geophysical data,we propose a modified quadtree structure to establish the integrated storage and management of multi-source geophysical data.Then,we utilize this data structure to propose a fast spatial searching mechanism of multi-source geophysical data.This structure and mechanism can be used to serve for the fine-scale 3D-visualization of wide-ranged and multi-source geophysical data,and improve the efficiency of dynamic visualization for partial multi-source geophysical data in specific spatial scope.Finally,the efficiency analysis of spatial searching and visualization under this data structure is given,and the efficiency of the whole algorithms is verified by experiments.The experiments indicate that it can show the spatial relationships of physical properties of rocks and minerals at any location more efficiently under the condition of wide-ranged and multi-source geophysical data by establishing corresponding indexing mechanism,and provide a technical support for 3D-visulization of multi-source geophysical data.
引文
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[12]Siqueira T,Ciferri C,Times V,et al.The SB-index and theHSB-index:efficient indices for spatial data warehouse[J].Geoinformatica,2012,16(1):165-205.
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[16]Hubert-Tremblay V,Archambault L,Tubic D,et al.Octreeindexing of DICOM images for voxel number reduction andimprovement of Monte Carlo simulation computing efficiency[J].Medical Physics,2006,33(8):2819-2831.
[17]Deng H,Zhang L Q,Mao X C,et al.Fast and dynamicgenerating linear octrees for geologic bodies under hardwareacceleration[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2010,53(S1):113-119.
[18]张剑秋,张福炎.地球物理勘探可视化工作的挑战与机遇[J].石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(6):884-88.Zhang J Q,Zhang F Y.Challenge and opportunity ofvisualization work in geophysical exploration[J].OilGeophysical Prospecting,1997,32(6):884-88.
[19]Jones R R,McCaffrey K L W,Clegg P,et al.Integration ofregional to outcrop digital data:3D visualisation of multi-scale geological models[J].Computers&Geosciences,2009,35(1):4-18.
[2]杨辉,戴世坤,宋海斌,等.综合地球物理联合反演综述[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(2):262-271.Yang H,Dai S K,Song H B,et al.Overview of jointinversion of integrated geophysics[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2002,17(2):262-271.
[3]Wu Q,Xu H.On three-dimensional geological modeling andvisualization[J].Science in China:Series D Earth Sciences,2004,47(8):739-748.
[4]Sultan S A,Santos F A M,Helay A S.Integrated geophysicalinterpretation for the area located at the eastern part ofIsmailia Canal,Greater Cairo,Egypt[J].Arabian Journal ofGeosciences,2011,4(5-6):735-753.
[5]Currenti G,Napoli R,Stefano A D,et al.3Dintegratedgeophysical modeling for the 2008 magma intrusion at Etna:Constraints on rheology and dike overpressure[J].Physics ofthe Earth and Planetary Interiors,2011,185(1-2):44-52.
[6]李曙光,刘天佑,杨波.基于OpenGL的综合地球物理可视化及其应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2008,5(2):205-209.Li S G,Liu T Y,Yang B.Visualization of comprehensivegeophysics based on OpenGL and its application[J].ChineseJournal of Engineering Geophysics,2008,5(2):205-209.
[7]李大心.地球物理方法综合应用与解释[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2003.Li D X.Application and interpretation of geophysical methods[M].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,2003.
[8]刘光鼎,肖一鸣.油气沉积盆地的综合地球物理研究[J].地球物理学报,1985,20(5):445-454.Liu G D,Xiao Y M.The synergic geophysical study of an oil-bearing sedimentary basin[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),1985,20(5):445-454.
[9]范祯祥,郑仙种.变背景速度2.5维反射技术在地震勘探中的应用问题[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(S1):112-122.Fan Z X,Zheng X Z.The application problem of 2.5dimensional born inverse scattering method with variablebackground velocity in seismic prospecting[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1995,38(S1):112-122.
[10]吴信才.空间数据库[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.Wu X C.Spatial Database[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.
[11]Zhu Q,Gong J,Zhang Y T.An efficient 3DR-tree spatialindex method for virtual environments[J].ISPRS Journal ofPhotogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2007,63(3):217-224.
[12]Siqueira T,Ciferri C,Times V,et al.The SB-index and theHSB-index:efficient indices for spatial data warehouse[J].Geoinformatica,2012,16(1):165-205.
[13]Yang C J,Wu S,Ren Y C,et al.Loose architecture ofmulti-level massive geospatial data based on virtual quadtree[J].Science in China:Series E Technological Sciences,2008,51(S1):114-123.
[14]Wang S,Armstrong M P.A quadtree approach to domaindecomposition for spatial interpolation in Grid computingenvironments[J].Parallel Computing,2003,29(10):1481-1504.
[15]Nickerson B G,Judd P A,Mayer L A.Data structures forfast searching of SEG-Y seismic data[J].Computers&Geosciences,1999,25(2):179-190.
[16]Hubert-Tremblay V,Archambault L,Tubic D,et al.Octreeindexing of DICOM images for voxel number reduction andimprovement of Monte Carlo simulation computing efficiency[J].Medical Physics,2006,33(8):2819-2831.
[17]Deng H,Zhang L Q,Mao X C,et al.Fast and dynamicgenerating linear octrees for geologic bodies under hardwareacceleration[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2010,53(S1):113-119.
[18]张剑秋,张福炎.地球物理勘探可视化工作的挑战与机遇[J].石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(6):884-88.Zhang J Q,Zhang F Y.Challenge and opportunity ofvisualization work in geophysical exploration[J].OilGeophysical Prospecting,1997,32(6):884-88.
[19]Jones R R,McCaffrey K L W,Clegg P,et al.Integration ofregional to outcrop digital data:3D visualisation of multi-scale geological models[J].Computers&Geosciences,2009,35(1):4-18.
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