北天山北缘构造剖面测量及多期构造变形
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摘要
天山北缘为典型的大陆内部活动构造特征,发育准噶尔盆地南缘逆冲带,主要表现为新生代时期形成的多排平行山体的背斜和逆冲断层。为了详细研究该区主要构造变形特征和变形形成时间,2005年我们对天山北缘进行了详细的地表地质剖面测量,之后进行了多年地表地质区域调查,落实了关键砾岩地层时代,充分结合卫星遥感影像资料、二维三维地震剖面和钻井测井资料,应用断层相关褶皱理论,完成了一条近SN向的长度50km的金钩河—安集海河构造地质大剖面。野外观察和地质测量以及生长地层和生长地层不整合分析表明,安集海深层背斜初始形成时间为中新世早期,在第四纪西域组(Q1x)、乌苏群(Q2)和第四纪中晚期(Q4)最终定型的浅表背斜,深层为断层转折褶皱和中浅层反冲的楔形构造叠加组合而成;霍尔果斯深层背斜初始形成时间为中新世晚期,在第四纪中晚期Q4最终定型,构造样式为深层断层转折褶皱、中深层楔形构造和浅层断层扩展背斜叠加组合而成。区域地质调查发现一条近东西走向285°,发育在中生界地层的准南走滑断层,该断层位于准南边界逆冲断裂以北,形成时间最晚(Q4)。根据准南安集海背斜、霍尔果斯背斜和准南边界逆冲断裂初始形成时间,可以认为准南构造初始逆冲次序为后展式,然后整个逆冲带从第四纪早期西域组晚期开始一直活动到现今。
The Tianshan Mountains is characteristic of a typical intracontinental activity.The northern piedmonts consist of three main fold and fault belts,which are mainly fault-related folds that deformed the strata from the south Junggar Basin.Understanding their Cenozoic Uplift history thus has a bearing on the understanding of the mountain building process and petroleum explorations in Western China in general,and on how deformation has occurred under the influence of the India-Asia collision in particular.In order to help decipher the actual structural interpretation of the south Junggar Basin and the styles of deformation,we measured strikes and dips of strata at every spot in detail by the use of 200m-long lining rope or GPS along a 50 km section at the Jinggou River(Xinjiang Province) in the year 2005,and regional field survey for many years after 2005.Along with satellite Landsat ETM(Enhanced Thematic Mapper) and interpretation of 2D,3D seismic data and well data,we have completed an approximately SN-directed 50km-long geological section by using the fault-related fold theories.Our field investigations indicate that the growth strata are present in the north limb of the Anjihai anticlines,and the growth unconformities interpreted by the seismic lines are present in both limbs of the anticline.The growth strata in the south limb of the anticline show us that it was originated in about the Early Miocene,ultimately formed during the Early Quaternary Xiyu Formation(Q1x) and Wusu Group(Q2) and the Middle-Late Quaternary(Q4),which was composed of the deeper fault-bend fold,and shallower wedge-shaped back-thrust fault-bend fold.The Huo'erguosi anticlines was originated in about the Late Miocene,ultimately formed during the Middle-Late Quaternary(Q4),which was composed of the deeper fault-bend fold,the middle wedge-shaped back-thrust fault-bend fold and the shallower fault-propagating fold.It is very clear that an approximately EW-285°striking strike-slip fault was discovered by our regional geological survey and satellite Landsat ETM interpretation.The Fault is located north to the south Junggar boundary thrust fault,formed in the Late Quaternary,which dislocated the Late Quaternary alluvial plains.Based on the times of three main folds,we conclude that the south Junggar fault and fold belt is of a break-back thrust sequence(new thrusts developed in the hangingwall),still being active from the early quaternary to present.
The Tianshan Mountains is characteristic of a typical intracontinental activity.The northern piedmonts consist of three main fold and fault belts,which are mainly fault-related folds that deformed the strata from the south Junggar Basin.Understanding their Cenozoic Uplift history thus has a bearing on the understanding of the mountain building process and petroleum explorations in Western China in general,and on how deformation has occurred under the influence of the India-Asia collision in particular.In order to help decipher the actual structural interpretation of the south Junggar Basin and the styles of deformation,we measured strikes and dips of strata at every spot in detail by the use of 200m-long lining rope or GPS along a 50 km section at the Jinggou River(Xinjiang Province) in the year 2005,and regional field survey for many years after 2005.Along with satellite Landsat ETM(Enhanced Thematic Mapper) and interpretation of 2D,3D seismic data and well data,we have completed an approximately SN-directed 50km-long geological section by using the fault-related fold theories.Our field investigations indicate that the growth strata are present in the north limb of the Anjihai anticlines,and the growth unconformities interpreted by the seismic lines are present in both limbs of the anticline.The growth strata in the south limb of the anticline show us that it was originated in about the Early Miocene,ultimately formed during the Early Quaternary Xiyu Formation(Q1x) and Wusu Group(Q2) and the Middle-Late Quaternary(Q4),which was composed of the deeper fault-bend fold,and shallower wedge-shaped back-thrust fault-bend fold.The Huo'erguosi anticlines was originated in about the Late Miocene,ultimately formed during the Middle-Late Quaternary(Q4),which was composed of the deeper fault-bend fold,the middle wedge-shaped back-thrust fault-bend fold and the shallower fault-propagating fold.It is very clear that an approximately EW-285°striking strike-slip fault was discovered by our regional geological survey and satellite Landsat ETM interpretation.The Fault is located north to the south Junggar boundary thrust fault,formed in the Late Quaternary,which dislocated the Late Quaternary alluvial plains.Based on the times of three main folds,we conclude that the south Junggar fault and fold belt is of a break-back thrust sequence(new thrusts developed in the hangingwall),still being active from the early quaternary to present.
引文
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