南海深海物理过程与地质过程的关系探讨
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摘要
南海东北部沉积物波等特殊的沉积现象与深海物理过程密切相关,海洋地质研究推断其与上升爬坡流、等深流、浊流作用有关,而南海东北部海洋遥感观测到的最显著现象则是广泛发育的非线性内波的西向传播和涡旋的西向漂移。南海东北部涡旋、内潮内波的形成演变与地形地貌有密切关系,重要的地形地貌如海脊(恒春海脊与吕宋水下火山弧)和陆架坡折,主要受构造过程控制。南海现代深海物理过程的建立及演变涉及到海盆本身的演化,也涉及到南海北部张裂大陆边缘的演化与东部俯冲大陆边缘的演化。构造过程、沉积过程与深海物理过程密切相关,对其关系的综合研究必将深化南海深海过程演变的认识。地震海洋学发展迅猛,但尚处于初级阶段,新的发现可能会改变人们的传统认识,可望揭示地球系统流体部分与固体部分相互作用的本质,为地球系统科学的突破做出贡献。
Special sedimentary phenomena such as sediment waves in the northeastern South China Sea(SCS) are closely related with physical processes in deep sea.Marine geological studies infer that sediment waves are caused by upward flow, contour current and turbidite current,while westward propagation of nonlinear internal waves and westward movement of meso-scale eddies are main features observed by satellite in the region.The evolutions of eddies and internal tides/internal waves are controlled by seafloor relief,and key features are submarine ridges(Hengchun Ridge and Luzon submarine volcanic arc) and continental shelf edge,which are mainly controlled by tectonic processes.The setup and evolution of modern physical process in SCS Deep are related to the formation and development of deep sea basin,northern rifted margin and eastern subduction margin of the SCS.Comprehensive studies of interactions among tectonic,sedimentary and physical processes will ensure a better understanding of evolution of SCS Deep.Recently,seismic oceanography has developed fast,though still in its preliminary stage.New discoveries may change our traditional knowledge about the deep ocean,grasp the nature of interactions between fluid Earth and solid Earth,and make major contributions to Earth system sciences.
Special sedimentary phenomena such as sediment waves in the northeastern South China Sea(SCS) are closely related with physical processes in deep sea.Marine geological studies infer that sediment waves are caused by upward flow, contour current and turbidite current,while westward propagation of nonlinear internal waves and westward movement of meso-scale eddies are main features observed by satellite in the region.The evolutions of eddies and internal tides/internal waves are controlled by seafloor relief,and key features are submarine ridges(Hengchun Ridge and Luzon submarine volcanic arc) and continental shelf edge,which are mainly controlled by tectonic processes.The setup and evolution of modern physical process in SCS Deep are related to the formation and development of deep sea basin,northern rifted margin and eastern subduction margin of the SCS.Comprehensive studies of interactions among tectonic,sedimentary and physical processes will ensure a better understanding of evolution of SCS Deep.Recently,seismic oceanography has developed fast,though still in its preliminary stage.New discoveries may change our traditional knowledge about the deep ocean,grasp the nature of interactions between fluid Earth and solid Earth,and make major contributions to Earth system sciences.
引文
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[6]丁巍伟,李家彪,韩喜球,等.南海东北部海底沉积物波的形态、粒度特征及物源、成因分析[J].海洋学报,2010,32(2):1–10.
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[16]ZHAO Z,ALFORD M H.Source and propagation of internalsolitary waves in the northern South China Sea[J].J GeophysRes,111,2006:C11012.doi:10.1029/2006JC003644.
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[21]FARMER D,LI QIANG,PARK J H.Internal waveobservations in the South China Sea:The role of rotation andnon-linearity[J].Atmos Ocean,2009,47(4):267–280.
[22]BUIJSMAN M C,KANARSKA Y,McWilliams J C.On thegeneration and evolution of nonlinear internal waves in theSouth China Sea[J].J Geophys Res,2010:C02012.doi:10.1029/2009JC005275.
[23]GAO ZHENZHONG,ERIKSSON K A.Internal tidedeposits in an Ordovician submarine channel:Previouslyunrecognized facies?[J].Geology,1991,19:734–737.
[24]高振中,何幼斌,罗顺社,等.深水牵引流沉积——内潮汐、内波和等深流沉积研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1996:1–22.
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[26]张兴阳.深水牵引流形成的床形单元组合[J].古地理学报,2000,2(2):28–36.
[27]WANG GUIHUA,SU JILAN,CHU P C.Mesoscale eddiesin the South China Sea observed with altimeter data[J].Geophys Res Lett,2003,30(21):2121.doi:10.1029/2003GL018532.
[28]BROECKER W S.The biggest chill[J].Nat Hist Mag,1987,97:74-82.
[29]BROECKER W S.The great ocean conveyor[J].Oceanography,1991,4:79–89.
[30]LOZIER M S.Deconstructing the Conveyor Belt[J].Science,2010,328:1507–1511.doi:10.1126/science.1189250
[31]GARRETT C.Internal tides and ocean mixing[J].Science,2003,301:1858–1859.
[32]RICHARDSON P L,BOWER A S,ZENK W.A census ofMeddies tracked by floats[J].Prog Oceanogr 2000,45(2):209–250.
[33]ARMI L,HEBERT D,OAKEY N,et al.The history anddecay of a Mediterranean salt lens[J].Nature,1988,333:649–651.
[34]ARMI L,HEBERT D,OAKEY N,et al.Two years in thelife of a Mediterranean salt lens[J].Journal of PhysicalOceanography,1989,19:354–370.
[35]李家彪.中国边缘海形成演化与资源效应[M].北京:海洋出版社,2008:1–509.
[36]HALL R.Cenozoic reconstructions of SE Asia and the SWPacific:changing patterns of land and sea[M]//METCALFEI,SMITH J M B,MORWOOD M,et al.Faunal and FloralMigrations and Evolutions in SE Asia-Australasia.Lisse:AA.Balkema:Swets&Zeitlinger Publishers,2001:35–56.
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[40]HOLBROOK W S,PáRAMO P,PEARSE S,et al.Thermohaline fine structure in an oceanographic front fromseismic reflection profiling[J].Science,2003,301:821–824.
[41]RUDDICK B.Sounding out ocean fine structure[J].Science,2003,301:772–773.
[42]RUDDICK B,SONG HAIBIN,DONG CHONGZHI,et al.Water column seismic images as maps of temperaturegradient[J].Oceanography,2009,22(1):192–205.
[43]宋海斌,董崇志,陈林,等.用反射地震方法研究物理海洋地震海洋学简介[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(4):1156–1164.
[44]董崇志,宋海斌,拜阳,等.地震海洋学研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(1):109–123.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.01.017
[45]NAKAMURA Y,NOGUCHI T,TSUJI T,et al.Simultaneousseismic reflection and physical oceanographic observationsof oceanic fine structure in the Kuroshio extension front[J].Geophys Res Lett,2006,33:L23605.doi:10.1029/2006GL027437
[46]宋海斌,PINHEIRO L M,王东晓,等.海洋中尺度涡与内波的地震图像[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(11):2775-2780.
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