火山岩储层特征与油气成藏模式研究
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摘要
火山岩油气藏的勘探历史已经有一百二十多年,经历了偶然发现、初步勘探和深入研究三个发展阶段,火山岩从油气勘探的禁区转变为重要领域.目前火山岩油气藏在油气总量中占的比例并不大,但是已展现出良好的油气前景,成为新的油气增长点,越来越受到油气勘探界的重视.本文分析了火山岩岩性、岩相的研究现状,将火山岩的储集空间分为原生孔隙、原生裂缝、次生孔隙、次生裂缝4个大类,13个小类.火山岩的成藏模式有岩性成藏模式、构造成藏模式、构造-岩性成藏模式、风化壳成藏模式等.针对火山岩储层的复杂性,亟需以火山岩储层地质理论为指导,结合岩心、重磁力、测井、地震资料,建立一套有针对性的研究方法,全面评价火山岩储层特征和空间展布.
he history of volcanic reservoir exploration has been already 120 years,after the three development stages which are the accident found,the initial exploration and in-depth study,volcanic rocks have been important areas from the restricted area in the oil and gas exploration.Although volcanic reservoir is in a small proportion of the total oil and gas reservoirs in the world,volcanic reservoir has shown good prospects,and been the new growth point,attracted more and more attention in oil and gas exploration sector.Researching volcanic reservoir,the most important issue is the lithologies and facies.In this article,domestic and foreign classification schemes of volcanic facies is listed,and volcanic reservoir space has been divided into original porosity,original cracks,induced porosity and induced cracks four categories,13 small classes.The accumulation mode of volcanic reservoir has been divided into lithological accumulation mode,structural accumulation model,structural-lithological accumulation model,weathering crust accumulation mode.There are four key reservoir-forming factors of volcanic reservoirs:structural conditions control the volcanic activities that decide the distribution of volcanic rocks and structural movement can improve reservoir performance immensely;volcanic lithologies and volcanic facies controls the types of reservoir space and development degree of the fractures;space-time matching condition between reservoir formation and hydrocarbon expulsion is the key factor;weathering leaching play an important role on making better the reservoir space.Gravity prospecting and magnetic prospecting are taken much count at home and abroad owing to the characteristics of volcanic rocks on density and magnetic aspects.In volcanic reservoir interpretation,forward modeling,seismic attributes analysis,wave impedance inversion and coherence analysis are the most popular and useful techniques.For the complexity of volcanic reservoir,to establish a targeted research approach for volcanic reservoir,must be guided by the geological theory,combined with core,gravity, magnetic,logging and seismic data,so we can comprehensively assess the volcanic reservoir characteristics and spatial distribution,and guide the oil and gas exploration of volcanic reservoir.
he history of volcanic reservoir exploration has been already 120 years,after the three development stages which are the accident found,the initial exploration and in-depth study,volcanic rocks have been important areas from the restricted area in the oil and gas exploration.Although volcanic reservoir is in a small proportion of the total oil and gas reservoirs in the world,volcanic reservoir has shown good prospects,and been the new growth point,attracted more and more attention in oil and gas exploration sector.Researching volcanic reservoir,the most important issue is the lithologies and facies.In this article,domestic and foreign classification schemes of volcanic facies is listed,and volcanic reservoir space has been divided into original porosity,original cracks,induced porosity and induced cracks four categories,13 small classes.The accumulation mode of volcanic reservoir has been divided into lithological accumulation mode,structural accumulation model,structural-lithological accumulation model,weathering crust accumulation mode.There are four key reservoir-forming factors of volcanic reservoirs:structural conditions control the volcanic activities that decide the distribution of volcanic rocks and structural movement can improve reservoir performance immensely;volcanic lithologies and volcanic facies controls the types of reservoir space and development degree of the fractures;space-time matching condition between reservoir formation and hydrocarbon expulsion is the key factor;weathering leaching play an important role on making better the reservoir space.Gravity prospecting and magnetic prospecting are taken much count at home and abroad owing to the characteristics of volcanic rocks on density and magnetic aspects.In volcanic reservoir interpretation,forward modeling,seismic attributes analysis,wave impedance inversion and coherence analysis are the most popular and useful techniques.For the complexity of volcanic reservoir,to establish a targeted research approach for volcanic reservoir,must be guided by the geological theory,combined with core,gravity, magnetic,logging and seismic data,so we can comprehensively assess the volcanic reservoir characteristics and spatial distribution,and guide the oil and gas exploration of volcanic reservoir.
引文
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