油气勘探新技术与应用研究
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摘要
针对油气勘探对象趋于复杂的现实,油气勘探技术在近年也不断发展和完善。石油天然气勘探主要技术包括地震勘探技术、钻井技术、测井技术等。复杂山地地震技术、沙漠地震技术、黄土塬地震技术、高精度三维地震技术的适应对象基本涵盖了中国陆上近期主要石油天然气勘探领域,是中国陆上近年主要应用的地震勘探新技术,其为近年中国陆上油气勘探不断取得新发现发挥了重要的作用。其中复杂山地地震技术为深化认识塔里木盆地库车地区复杂构造带模式,发现大北3、克深2气田,落实迪那气田的储量规模发挥了关键性作用;为提高四川川东高陡构造圈闭的识别精度,实现石炭系、飞仙关鲕滩、长兴生物礁气藏勘探的重大突破发挥了重要作用。沙漠地震技术在塔里木盆地塔中地区和准噶尔盆地克拉美丽地区应用,新资料信噪比明显提高,为塔中油气田和克拉美丽气田储量的落实发挥了重要作用。黄土塬地震技术在鄂尔多斯盆地黄土塬的西峰、姬塬、白豹地区的石油勘探和苏里格南部地区的天然气勘探中发挥了重要作用。高精度三维地震技术推动了东部富油凹陷复杂断块、地层岩性油气藏勘探的不断发现。空气钻井技术、欠平衡钻井技术、垂直钻井技术是近年中国陆上油气勘探阶段新兴的钻井技术,在提高探井钻井速度、保护油气层免受或少受污染、及时发现油气、减少复杂事故方面发挥了重要作用,也是未来油气勘探实践中需加大推广力度的钻井新技术。空气钻井技术在四川盆地龙岗地区和川东北地区,通过不断完善和规模应用,钻井速度得到显著提高,钻井周期明显缩短。欠平衡钻井技术在大港千米桥气田,松辽深层徐深气田和长岭气田,四川盆地邛西、广安、潼南的勘探中起到及时发现油气、提高钻井速度的作用。垂直钻井技术在塔里木盆地库车地区、四川盆地川东北地区高陡构造钻探中实现了防斜打快。现代测井技术包括新一代裸眼井测井、新一代随钻测井、新一代套管井测井等。其中新一代裸眼井测井应用最为广泛,以阵列化与频谱、能谱化测量和成像显示为主要特征,最为重要的特征就是成像显示技术,大大提高了裂缝性、砾岩体、火成岩、变质岩、低渗透油气藏与低电阻率油气层的测井评价能力,成功解释了一批勘探难度大的探井,发现了一批复杂岩性、复杂储层油气藏;新一代随钻测井技术是近年发展最快的测井技术,具有地层评价和进行地质导向的功能,即通过监测水平井与上、下界面的距离,控制水平井在油层中的钻进方向;新一代套管井测井技术实现在套管井中进行地层评价,特别是对于无法录取裸眼井测井资料的意外事故井,可通过套管井测井进行地层评价。
With the fact that exploration targets are increasingly complex,petroleum exploration techniques has been continuously developed and improved.The techniques consist mainly of seismic exploration technology,drilling technology and well-logging technology.Seismic prospecting techniques in complicated mountainous area,desert and loess plateau,and high-precision 3D seismic acquisition technique have covered China's major oil exploration fields in recent years,and these seismic exploration technology has exerted a vital role in discoveries of onshore oil and gas exploration in China.Seismic prospecting in complicated mountainous areas deepens our understanding of the complex structural model of the Kuqa region in Tarim basin,finding Dabei3 and Keshen2 gas fields,and improved trap identification precision in steep structural regions of eastern Sichuan.Thus it facilitates the exploring breakthrough in oil exploration in Carboniferous,Feixianguan oolitic shoal,and Changxing reef reservoirs.Desert seismic prospecting has been widely used in the Tazhong region,Tarim basin and Karamay region,eastern Junggar Basin.The new signal-to-noise ratio data have been improved obviously,which has supported implementation of reserves evaluation for the Tazhong oil and gas field and Karamay gas field.Seismic prospecting in loess plateau also exerts an important role in gas exploration in Xifeng,Jiyuan and Baibao regions of Ordos basin and the southern Sulige gas field.High-precision 3D seismic acquisition technique has driven new discoveries in complex faulting blocks of oid-rich sags and stratigraphic lithological oil and gas reservoirs in eastern China.Air drilling,under-balanced drilling,and vertical drilling are three newly arisen techniques used onshore in China,which has played an important role in improving drilling speed,protecting reservoir formation from pollution,detecting the oil/gas show in time,and reducing complex accidents.Therefore,they are also new techniques which need to be greatly promoted in future exploration.With the constant perfection and scale application,air drilling technique has been widely used in the Longgang region and northeastern part of Sichuan basin,and the drilling speed was promoted quickly and shortened the drilling cycle obviously.In the Qianmiqiao gas field of Dagang,the Xushen gas field of Daqing,and the Qiongxi gas field of Sichuan,under-balanced drilling has good effect on detecting the oil/gas show in time and promoting drilling speed.In the high and steep structures of Kuqa in Tarim basin and northeastern part of Sichuan basin,vertical drilling has realized deflection controlling and fast drilling.The modern well logging technique includes the new generation open hole logging,logging while drilling,and cased hole logging,and etc.Among them,the open hole logging has a wide application,and is characterized by regular arrays,spectrum,energy spectrum measurement,and imaging display.The imaging display technique,as an important feature of this logging method,has greatly improved the logging evaluation of the fractured,conglomerate,igneous rocks,metamorphic rocks,low permeability reservoir and low resistivity pay zone,successfully interpreted a batch of difficult exploration wells,and found complex reservoirs.Logging while drilling is a fast-developing well logging technique,which can function formation evaluation and geosteering,i.e.supervising distance ratio between horizontal well trajectory to upper and lower interfaces to control bit position and drilling direction.The new generation cased hole logging can be used to conduct formation evaluation,especially for accident wells in which it is difficult to get open hole logging data.
With the fact that exploration targets are increasingly complex,petroleum exploration techniques has been continuously developed and improved.The techniques consist mainly of seismic exploration technology,drilling technology and well-logging technology.Seismic prospecting techniques in complicated mountainous area,desert and loess plateau,and high-precision 3D seismic acquisition technique have covered China's major oil exploration fields in recent years,and these seismic exploration technology has exerted a vital role in discoveries of onshore oil and gas exploration in China.Seismic prospecting in complicated mountainous areas deepens our understanding of the complex structural model of the Kuqa region in Tarim basin,finding Dabei3 and Keshen2 gas fields,and improved trap identification precision in steep structural regions of eastern Sichuan.Thus it facilitates the exploring breakthrough in oil exploration in Carboniferous,Feixianguan oolitic shoal,and Changxing reef reservoirs.Desert seismic prospecting has been widely used in the Tazhong region,Tarim basin and Karamay region,eastern Junggar Basin.The new signal-to-noise ratio data have been improved obviously,which has supported implementation of reserves evaluation for the Tazhong oil and gas field and Karamay gas field.Seismic prospecting in loess plateau also exerts an important role in gas exploration in Xifeng,Jiyuan and Baibao regions of Ordos basin and the southern Sulige gas field.High-precision 3D seismic acquisition technique has driven new discoveries in complex faulting blocks of oid-rich sags and stratigraphic lithological oil and gas reservoirs in eastern China.Air drilling,under-balanced drilling,and vertical drilling are three newly arisen techniques used onshore in China,which has played an important role in improving drilling speed,protecting reservoir formation from pollution,detecting the oil/gas show in time,and reducing complex accidents.Therefore,they are also new techniques which need to be greatly promoted in future exploration.With the constant perfection and scale application,air drilling technique has been widely used in the Longgang region and northeastern part of Sichuan basin,and the drilling speed was promoted quickly and shortened the drilling cycle obviously.In the Qianmiqiao gas field of Dagang,the Xushen gas field of Daqing,and the Qiongxi gas field of Sichuan,under-balanced drilling has good effect on detecting the oil/gas show in time and promoting drilling speed.In the high and steep structures of Kuqa in Tarim basin and northeastern part of Sichuan basin,vertical drilling has realized deflection controlling and fast drilling.The modern well logging technique includes the new generation open hole logging,logging while drilling,and cased hole logging,and etc.Among them,the open hole logging has a wide application,and is characterized by regular arrays,spectrum,energy spectrum measurement,and imaging display.The imaging display technique,as an important feature of this logging method,has greatly improved the logging evaluation of the fractured,conglomerate,igneous rocks,metamorphic rocks,low permeability reservoir and low resistivity pay zone,successfully interpreted a batch of difficult exploration wells,and found complex reservoirs.Logging while drilling is a fast-developing well logging technique,which can function formation evaluation and geosteering,i.e.supervising distance ratio between horizontal well trajectory to upper and lower interfaces to control bit position and drilling direction.The new generation cased hole logging can be used to conduct formation evaluation,especially for accident wells in which it is difficult to get open hole logging data.
引文
陈刚,刘文忠.2008.应用欠平衡钻井技术提高四川盆地油气勘探成效.石油科技论坛,(1):37～42.
冯永兵,孙凯,唐一元.2008.欠平衡钻井技术的发展研究.内蒙古石油化工,(11):15～17.
康清清,边立恩,宋玲玲.2008.随钻测井技术的历史和发展趋势.内蒙古石油化工,(13):53～54.
凌立苏,何文渊,黄卫东,金立新.2010.准噶尔盆地克拉美丽气田高效勘探实践.天然气工业,30(2):7～10.
刘新义,张东清.2008.川东北地区探井快速钻井技术.天然气工业,36(3):37～40.
刘振武.2009.中国石油天然气集团公司物探技术调研报告.中国石油天然气集团公司科技管理部.
马光长,杜良民.2004.空气钻井技术及其应用钻采工艺.钻采工艺,27(3):4～8.
沈忠厚,黄洪春,高德利.2009.世界钻井技术新进展及发展趋势分析.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),33(4):64～70.
沈忠厚,王瑞和.2003.现代石油钻井技术50年进展和发展趋势.石油钻采工艺,25(5):1～6.
苏义脑,周煜辉,黄洪春.2009.高歌奋进为油开道--中国石油钻井工程技术回顾、现状与展望.石油科技论坛,(5):9～16.
孙宁,赵忠举,王同良,李万平.2006.难动用储量开发实用钻井技术.石油工业出版社,5～6.
肖立志,张元中,吴文圣.2010.成像测井学基础.石油工业出版社,15～18.
原宏壮,陆大卫,张辛耘,孙建孟.2005.测井技术新进展综述.地球物理学进展,20(3):786～795.
曾文冲.2005.现代测井技术的发展与应用.当代石油石化,13(7):31～44.
翟应虎,李祖光,张旭.2009.空气钻井的技术难点剖析及发展前景展望.天然气工业,29(5):67～69.
张德忠.2000.陆上石油地震勘探技术进步50年.石油地球物理勘探,35(5):545～558.
张茂林,谢飞龙,冉照辉.2010.克拉美丽气田欠平衡钻井实践与认识.西部探矿工程,22(9):69～72.
朱江,王萍,蔡利山.2007.空气钻井技术及其应用.钻采工艺,30(2):145～148.
吴奇主编.中国石油勘探与生产公司.2009.复杂深井钻井技术与应用.石油工业出版社,114～116.
冯永兵,孙凯,唐一元.2008.欠平衡钻井技术的发展研究.内蒙古石油化工,(11):15～17.
康清清,边立恩,宋玲玲.2008.随钻测井技术的历史和发展趋势.内蒙古石油化工,(13):53～54.
凌立苏,何文渊,黄卫东,金立新.2010.准噶尔盆地克拉美丽气田高效勘探实践.天然气工业,30(2):7～10.
刘新义,张东清.2008.川东北地区探井快速钻井技术.天然气工业,36(3):37～40.
刘振武.2009.中国石油天然气集团公司物探技术调研报告.中国石油天然气集团公司科技管理部.
马光长,杜良民.2004.空气钻井技术及其应用钻采工艺.钻采工艺,27(3):4～8.
沈忠厚,黄洪春,高德利.2009.世界钻井技术新进展及发展趋势分析.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),33(4):64～70.
沈忠厚,王瑞和.2003.现代石油钻井技术50年进展和发展趋势.石油钻采工艺,25(5):1～6.
苏义脑,周煜辉,黄洪春.2009.高歌奋进为油开道--中国石油钻井工程技术回顾、现状与展望.石油科技论坛,(5):9～16.
孙宁,赵忠举,王同良,李万平.2006.难动用储量开发实用钻井技术.石油工业出版社,5～6.
肖立志,张元中,吴文圣.2010.成像测井学基础.石油工业出版社,15～18.
原宏壮,陆大卫,张辛耘,孙建孟.2005.测井技术新进展综述.地球物理学进展,20(3):786～795.
曾文冲.2005.现代测井技术的发展与应用.当代石油石化,13(7):31～44.
翟应虎,李祖光,张旭.2009.空气钻井的技术难点剖析及发展前景展望.天然气工业,29(5):67～69.
张德忠.2000.陆上石油地震勘探技术进步50年.石油地球物理勘探,35(5):545～558.
张茂林,谢飞龙,冉照辉.2010.克拉美丽气田欠平衡钻井实践与认识.西部探矿工程,22(9):69～72.
朱江,王萍,蔡利山.2007.空气钻井技术及其应用.钻采工艺,30(2):145～148.
吴奇主编.中国石油勘探与生产公司.2009.复杂深井钻井技术与应用.石油工业出版社,114～116.
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