基于岩石类型约束的碳酸盐岩油藏地质建模方法——以扎格罗斯盆地碳酸盐岩油藏A为例
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摘要
对于成岩作用较强的碳酸盐岩油藏,沉积相约束下的储层建模方法已不适用。为此,提出了基于岩石类型约束的油藏地质建模方法。应用取心样品的孔隙度、渗透率和毛细管压力曲线等数据,采用Winland R35方法,划分油藏岩石类型,建立不同岩石类型下的孔隙度和渗透率关系。通过取心井建立测井曲线与岩石类型的关系,以测井曲线为纽带预测未取心井的岩石类型;并通过序贯指示模拟预测井间岩石类型,建立三维岩石类型模型。基于岩石类型和地震波阻抗数据体协同约束,建立孔隙度模型;再利用不同岩石类型下的孔-渗关系确定渗透率,建立渗透率模型。经过抽稀验证,地质模型精度较高。这种方法对于埋藏较深、成岩作用较强的碳酸盐岩油藏尤为适用。
For carbonate reservoirs which undergo significant overprint of diagenesis,sedimentary facies-constrained reservoir modeling method is no longer applicable.This paper puts forward a rock type-constrained geological modeling method for this kind of reservoirs.By taking advantage of the available core data such as porosity,permeability and capillary pressure,we used Winland R35 method to identify the rock types of carbonate reservoirs,and to derive porosity-permeability relationships for different rock types.The relationships between rock types and log responses were then established for the cored wells,and were utilized to predict rock types in uncored wells.A porosity model was finally built based on the coordinated constraint of rock type and seismic acoustic impedance volume,and a permeability model was built by using the porosity-permeability relationships for different rock types.The reliability of geological model was checked by the method of decreasing wells.This method is particularly applicable to carbonate reservoirs with strong diagenesis and deep burial depth.
For carbonate reservoirs which undergo significant overprint of diagenesis,sedimentary facies-constrained reservoir modeling method is no longer applicable.This paper puts forward a rock type-constrained geological modeling method for this kind of reservoirs.By taking advantage of the available core data such as porosity,permeability and capillary pressure,we used Winland R35 method to identify the rock types of carbonate reservoirs,and to derive porosity-permeability relationships for different rock types.The relationships between rock types and log responses were then established for the cored wells,and were utilized to predict rock types in uncored wells.A porosity model was finally built based on the coordinated constraint of rock type and seismic acoustic impedance volume,and a permeability model was built by using the porosity-permeability relationships for different rock types.The reliability of geological model was checked by the method of decreasing wells.This method is particularly applicable to carbonate reservoirs with strong diagenesis and deep burial depth.
引文
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[15]Peralta O O.Rock types and flow units in static and dynamic reservoirmodeling:application to aature fields[C]∥Latin American and carib-bean petroleum engineering conference.SPE 122227,2009:1-9.
[16]Francesconi A,Bigoni F,Balossino P,et al.Reservoir rock types ap-plication-Kashagan[C]∥SPE/EAGE reservoir characterization andsimulation conference.SPE 125342,2009:1-17.
[17]Tariq M,Bizarro P,de Sousa A,et al.Reservoir characterization andmodeling of a carbonate reservoir-case study[C]∥Abu Dhabi inter-national petroleum conference and exhibition.SPE 161039,2012:1-18.
[18]赵军龙,李纲,麻平社,等.神经网络在石油测井解释中的应用综述[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(5):1744-1751.Zhao Junlong,Li Gang,Ma Pingshe,et al.The application of networktechnology to petroleum logging interpretation[J].Progress in Geo-physics,2010,25(5):1744-1751.
[19]刘应东,牛惠民.基于k-最近邻图的小样本KNN分类算法[J].计算机工程,2011,37(9):198-200.Liu Yingdong,Niu Huimin.KNN classification algorithm based onk-nearest neighbor graph for small sample[J].Computer Enginee-ring,2011,37(9):198-200.
[20]Bahar A,Abdel-Aal O,Ghani A,et al.Seismic integration for bettermodeling of rock type based reservoir characterization:a field caseexample[C]∥Abu Dhabi international conference and exhibition.SPE 88793,2004:1-10.
[2]Salman S M,Bellah S.Rock typing:an integrated reservoir characteri-zation tool to construct a robust geological model in Abu Dhabi car-bonate oil field[C]∥SPE/EAGE reservoir characterization andsimulation conference.SPE 125498,2009:1-14.
[3]Guo G,Diaz M A,Paz F,et al.Rock typing as an effective tool forpermeability and water-saturation modeling:a case study in a clasticreservoir in the oriente basin[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation&Engi-neering,2007,10(6):730-739.
[4]张涛,邬兴威,竺知新,等.白垩储层:一种特殊的碳酸盐岩储层类型——以叙利亚Tishrine油田为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(5):720-729.Zhang Tao,Wu Xingwei,Zhu Zhixin,et al.Characterization of chalkreservoirs:an example from Tishrine oilfield,Syria[J].Oil&GasGeology,2012,33(5):720-729.
[5]Chekani M,Kharrat R.Reservoir rock typing in a carbonate reservoir-cooperation of core and log data:case study[C]∥SPE/EAGE reser-voir characterization and simulation conference.SPE 123703,2009:1-22.
[6]Tillero E.Stepping forward:an automated rock type index and a newpredictive capillary pressure function for better estimation of permea-bility and water saturation.case study,Urdaneta-01 heavy oil reservoir[C]∥SPE Latin America and Caribbean petroleum engineering con-ference.SPE 151602,2012:1-20.
[7]Shabaninejad M,Haghighi M B.Rock typing and generalization ofpermeability-porosity relationship for an Iranian carbonate gas reser-voir[C]∥Nigeria annual international conference and exhibition.SPE 150819,2011:1-8.
[8]张汉荣,孙跃峰,窦齐丰,等.孔隙结构参数在普光气田的初步应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(6):877-882.Zhang Hanrong,Sun Yuefeng,Dou Qifeng,et al.Preliminary applica-tion of the frame flexibility factor in Puguang gas field[J].Oil&GasGeology,2012,33(6):877-882.
[9]钟大康,周立建,姚泾利,等.储层岩石学特征对成岩作用及孔隙发育的影响——以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区三叠系延长组为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(6):890-899.Zhong Dakang,Zhou Lijian,Yao Jinli,et al.Influences of petrologicfeatures on diagenesis and pore development:an example from theTriassic Yanchang Formation in Longdong area,Ordos Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(6):890-899.
[10]Betancourt J.Rock type modeling:an effective method to determinereservoir quality rock to discretize net pay in lower guadalupe forma-tion,Abanico Field,Colombia[C]∥SPE Latin America and Carib-bean petroleum engineering conference.SPE 152332,2012:1-10.
[11]Abedini A.Statistical evaluation of reservoir rock type in a carbonatereservoir[C]∥SPE annual technical conference and exhibition.SPE152359,2011:1-15.
[12]Southworth A,Hadidi K,Miller J.An integrated approach to rocktyping and its impact on well and reservoir performance in a middleeast tight gas field[C]∥SPE Middle East unconventional gas con-ference&exhibition.SPE 164015,2013:1-11.
[13]Varavur S,Shebl H,Salman S M,et al.Reservoir rock typing in agiant carbonate[C]∥SPE Middle East oil and gas show and confe-rence.SPE 93477,2005:1-16.
[14]赖枫鹏,李治平,郭艳东.川东北碳酸盐岩气藏岩石渗透率变化实验[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(6):932-937.Lai Fengpeng,Li Zhiping,Guo Yandong.Experiments on permeabilitychange of carbonate gas reservoirs in northeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(6):932-937.
[15]Peralta O O.Rock types and flow units in static and dynamic reservoirmodeling:application to aature fields[C]∥Latin American and carib-bean petroleum engineering conference.SPE 122227,2009:1-9.
[16]Francesconi A,Bigoni F,Balossino P,et al.Reservoir rock types ap-plication-Kashagan[C]∥SPE/EAGE reservoir characterization andsimulation conference.SPE 125342,2009:1-17.
[17]Tariq M,Bizarro P,de Sousa A,et al.Reservoir characterization andmodeling of a carbonate reservoir-case study[C]∥Abu Dhabi inter-national petroleum conference and exhibition.SPE 161039,2012:1-18.
[18]赵军龙,李纲,麻平社,等.神经网络在石油测井解释中的应用综述[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(5):1744-1751.Zhao Junlong,Li Gang,Ma Pingshe,et al.The application of networktechnology to petroleum logging interpretation[J].Progress in Geo-physics,2010,25(5):1744-1751.
[19]刘应东,牛惠民.基于k-最近邻图的小样本KNN分类算法[J].计算机工程,2011,37(9):198-200.Liu Yingdong,Niu Huimin.KNN classification algorithm based onk-nearest neighbor graph for small sample[J].Computer Enginee-ring,2011,37(9):198-200.
[20]Bahar A,Abdel-Aal O,Ghani A,et al.Seismic integration for bettermodeling of rock type based reservoir characterization:a field caseexample[C]∥Abu Dhabi international conference and exhibition.SPE 88793,2004:1-10.
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