日本Mw9.0强震的高频GPS形变波特征初探
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摘要
利用高频GPS数据长基线双差精密定位技术,获取2011年3月日本Mw9.0强震近场和远场GPS连续参考站的瞬时动态形变。分析表明:距震源较近的IGS站(USUD)的同震动态形变水平方向幅度超过60 cm,震后水平形变达到30 cm;位于远场的GPS连续参考站(JLYJ)的动态形变,清晰地给出了地震面波引起的地表形变波形。对JLYJ站的谱分析表明,地震面波引起的动态形变周期为10～17 s,并出现了两次峰值,东西向和垂向上的动态位移量远大于北南向,说明JLYJ站的形变主要由Rayleigh波及其谐波所主导,Rayleigh波的传播速度为3.5 km/s,波长约50 km。
By using high-frequency GPS double-difference precision positioning technology,kinematic and static co-seismic deformations caused by Japan Mw9.0 earthquake at near-field and far-field GPS stations were obtained.The result shows that the maximum kinematic amplitude of IGS station is over 60 cm,post-earthquake deformation reached to 30 cm.The kinematic deformation of far-field JLYJ GPS station clearly reflects the displacement waveform caused by seismic surface waves.The spectrum analysis shows that the period of seismic surface waves of JLYJ station caused by kinematic deformation is about 10-17 seconds.The kinematic displacements in east-west direction and the vertical direction are much larger than that in the north-south direction,it shows the deformation of JLYJ station is mainly caused by the Rayleigh wave and its harmonic wave.On the basis of the epicentral distance,the earthquake occurrence time,we can set the Rayleigh wave propagation speed of 3.5 km/s.As the Rayleigh wave changes in a period of 10-17 seconds,so its wavelength of is about 50 km.
By using high-frequency GPS double-difference precision positioning technology,kinematic and static co-seismic deformations caused by Japan Mw9.0 earthquake at near-field and far-field GPS stations were obtained.The result shows that the maximum kinematic amplitude of IGS station is over 60 cm,post-earthquake deformation reached to 30 cm.The kinematic deformation of far-field JLYJ GPS station clearly reflects the displacement waveform caused by seismic surface waves.The spectrum analysis shows that the period of seismic surface waves of JLYJ station caused by kinematic deformation is about 10-17 seconds.The kinematic displacements in east-west direction and the vertical direction are much larger than that in the north-south direction,it shows the deformation of JLYJ station is mainly caused by the Rayleigh wave and its harmonic wave.On the basis of the epicentral distance,the earthquake occurrence time,we can set the Rayleigh wave propagation speed of 3.5 km/s.As the Rayleigh wave changes in a period of 10-17 seconds,so its wavelength of is about 50 km.
引文
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14谭凯,等.大地测量约束下的阿尔泰山岩石圈流变结构[J].地球物理学报,2007,(6):1 713-1 718.(Tan Kai,et al.Lithospheric rhedogical structure constrained by geo-detic data in Altay[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,(6):1 713-1 718)
2 Langbein J and Bock Y.High-rate real-time GPS network atParkfield:Utility for detecting fault slip and seismic dis-placements[J].Geophys Res Lett.,2004,31,L15S20,doi:10.1029/2003 GL019408.
3 Wang G,et al.Comparisons of ground motions from coloca-ted and closely spaced one-sample-per-second global positio-ning system and accelerograph recordings of the 2003 M6.5San Simeon,California earthquake in the Parkfield region[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2007,97(1B):76-90,doi:10.1785/0120060053.
4 Irwan M,et al.Measuring ground deformations with 1-HzGPS data:the 2003 Tokachi-Oki earthquake(preliminaryreport)[J].Earth Planets Space,2004,56:389-393.
5 Bock Y and Prawirodirdjo L.Detection of arbitrarily large dy-namic ground motions with a dense high-rate GPS networks[J].Geophys Res Lett.,2004,31,L06604,doi:10.1029/2003 GL019150.
6 Miyazaki S,et al.Modeling the rupture process of the 2003september 25 Tokachi-Oki(Hokkaido)earthquake using 1-Hz GPS data[J].Geophys Res Lett.,2004,31,L21603,doi:10.1029/2004GL021457.
7 Banerjee P,et al.Coseismic slip distributions of the 26 De-cember 2004 Sumatra-Andaman and 28 March 2005 Niasearthquakes from GPS static offsets[J].Bull Seismol SocAm.,2007,97(1A):86-102.
8 Blewitt G,et al.Rapid determination of earthquake magni-tude using GPS for tsunami warning systems[J].GeophysRes Lett.,2006,33,L11309,doi:10.1029/2006GL026145.
9 Sobolev S V,et al.Tsunami early warning using GPS-Shieldarrays[J].J Geophys Res.,2007,112,B08415,doi:10.1029/2006JB004640.
10 Chen J,et al.Slip history of the 2003 San Simeon earth-quake constrained by combining 1-Hz GPS,strong motion,and teleseismic data[J].Geophys Res Lett.,2004,31,L17608,doi:10.1029/2004 GL020448.
11 Emore G L,et al.Recovering seismic displacements throughcombined use of 1-Hz GPS and strong-motion accelerome-ters[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2007,97(2):357-378.
12刘刚,等.用超长基线解算分析汶川地震动态形变特征[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2011,(5):14-19(LiuGang,et al.Using ultra long baseline to measure coseimickinematic deformations of Wenchuan earthquake[J].Jour-nal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2011,(5):14-19)
13徐韶光,等.汶川地震同震形变的静态和动态分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2010,(3):27-30.(Xu Sha-oguang,et al.Static and kinematic analysis of coseimic de-formation of Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake[J].Journal of Ge-odesy and Geodynamics,2010,(3):27-30)
14谭凯,等.大地测量约束下的阿尔泰山岩石圈流变结构[J].地球物理学报,2007,(6):1 713-1 718.(Tan Kai,et al.Lithospheric rhedogical structure constrained by geo-detic data in Altay[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,(6):1 713-1 718)
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