高家沟泥石流和深溪沟泥石流灾害特征
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摘要
汶川地震之后,泥石流成为灾区最为严重的灾害类型之一,直接影响到灾后重建和灾区人民的生命财产安全。对汶川地震灾区7月初群发性泥石流进行野外考察,重点分析了高家沟和深溪沟两条泥石流的成因和特征。高家沟为由滑坡崩塌体引起的土力类粘性泥石流,容重约为2.07 g/cm3,总量超过30万m3,分三次间歇性汇入主河,并堵断1/2河道,迫使岷江持续冲刷对岸路基,损毁213国道长达400 m;深溪沟为山洪冲刷河道引起的水力类稀性泥石流,容重约在1.44～1.58 g/cm3之间,流量约在160～180 m3/s之间。对不同的泥石流沟应采用不同的防灾减灾措施,可有效降低泥石流灾害对人民生命财产的威胁。
Debris flows have become one of the most disastrous natural disasters in Wenchuan earthquake hit area since 2008,which have affected the re-construction and threatened lives and properties of local people.Field investigation on the July 3 group debris flows in 2011 is made in this area and debris flow parameters,formation conditions and processes in Gaojia Gully and Shenxi Gully are analyzed respectively.Gaojia Gully debris flow is a gravity viscous debris flow and formed by rock avalanches and landslides in the branch gully.It rushed into Minjiang River intermittently for three times,with a density of around 2.07 g/cm3 and total amount about 300 thousands cubic meters.The debris flow blocked half of Minjiang River,squeezed it constantly and finally damaged the national highway 213 for 400 m.Shenxi Gully debris flow was induced by hydraulic non-cohesive debris flow caused by mountain torrent and its bulk density is between 1.44~1.58 g/cm3.Its discharge is between 160-180 m3/s.Taking different control measures according to different debris flow characteristics can effectively reduce the threat of debris flows on people's lives and property.
Debris flows have become one of the most disastrous natural disasters in Wenchuan earthquake hit area since 2008,which have affected the re-construction and threatened lives and properties of local people.Field investigation on the July 3 group debris flows in 2011 is made in this area and debris flow parameters,formation conditions and processes in Gaojia Gully and Shenxi Gully are analyzed respectively.Gaojia Gully debris flow is a gravity viscous debris flow and formed by rock avalanches and landslides in the branch gully.It rushed into Minjiang River intermittently for three times,with a density of around 2.07 g/cm3 and total amount about 300 thousands cubic meters.The debris flow blocked half of Minjiang River,squeezed it constantly and finally damaged the national highway 213 for 400 m.Shenxi Gully debris flow was induced by hydraulic non-cohesive debris flow caused by mountain torrent and its bulk density is between 1.44~1.58 g/cm3.Its discharge is between 160-180 m3/s.Taking different control measures according to different debris flow characteristics can effectively reduce the threat of debris flows on people's lives and property.
引文
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[2]崔鹏,韦方强,何思明,等.5.12汶川地震诱发的山地灾害及减灾措施[J].山地学报,2008,26(3):280-282.
[3]Cui Peng,Chen Xiaoqing,Zhu Yinyan,et al.The WenchuanEarthquake(May 12 2008),Sichuan Province,China,and Re-sulting Geohazards[J].Nat Hazards,2009,DOI0.1007/s11069-009-9392-1.
[4]谢洪,钟敦伦,矫震,等.2008年汶川地震重灾区的泥石流[J].山地学报,2009,27(4):501-509.
[5]余斌.根据泥石流沉积物计算泥石流容重的方法研究[J].沉积学报,2008,26(5):789-796.
[6]国土资源部.DZ/T0220-200泥石流灾害防治工程勘查规范[S].北京:国土资源部,2006
[7]费祥俊,舒安平.泥石流运动机理与灾害防治[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:114-116.
[8]康志成,李焯芬,马蔼乃,等.中国泥石流研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:111-114.
[9]铁道部第三设计院.铁路设计手册(桥涵水文)[M].北京:人民铁道出版社,1965:90-232.
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