山东东营杜邦1井注水诱发破裂活动分析
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摘要
2005年12月3日—2006年5月18日,中国地震局对山东东营杜邦1井(直井)进行了6个月的注水诱发地震监测.对该井1464~3034m,即纵向跨度1570m的4个注水层段(沙三中、沙三上顶部、沙三上底部、沙二段)11个注水作业过程进行了完整记录.应用长短项平均和多台比较方法共获得地震事件记录5090个,最终获得定位事件274个.监测期间记录到的事件信号能量都比较小,没有ML>0.5的震动信号.从注水开始,事件的数量随时间呈现出不同的变化,在沙三上的中等胶结程度地层中,震动破裂事件最为频繁.破裂事件空间位置随时间从注水中心向外围扩展,在不同的注水层段呈现出不同的方向性:在低渗透储层段,破裂事件的展布趋向与最大水平主压应力方向一致;在中高渗透层段,震动事件更多地沿主渗流通道展布.
From December 3, 2005 to May 18, 2006, a water injection-induced seismicity test was conducted on DuPont test well 1 for about six months by China Earthquake Administration. To the vertical injected well, 11 water injection processes were conducted on four depth intervals, including middle Shahejie3, the top of the upper Shahejie3, the bottom of the upper Shahejie3 and Shahejie2, with the vertical span from 1 464 m to 3 034 m. Monitoring stations has been run throughout the procedure. From the recorded data, there were 5 090 events being picked out manually, 274 events located. It indicates that the energy of seismic signal is very small, and the largest magnitude is no more than ML0.5. And also, the major energy is centered on the vertical component, while amplitude of the other horizontal components is very small. From the start of water injection, the number of seismic events varied with time. And the event was most frequent in the period of upper Shahejie3 injection. The distribution of events extended from the injected well to the outside with time, and the direction of events distribution rotated in different injected interval. Of which, in the low permeability interval, events trend close to the direction of principal compressive stress direction; while in higher permeability interval, they trend close to the predominant seepage direction.
From December 3, 2005 to May 18, 2006, a water injection-induced seismicity test was conducted on DuPont test well 1 for about six months by China Earthquake Administration. To the vertical injected well, 11 water injection processes were conducted on four depth intervals, including middle Shahejie3, the top of the upper Shahejie3, the bottom of the upper Shahejie3 and Shahejie2, with the vertical span from 1 464 m to 3 034 m. Monitoring stations has been run throughout the procedure. From the recorded data, there were 5 090 events being picked out manually, 274 events located. It indicates that the energy of seismic signal is very small, and the largest magnitude is no more than ML0.5. And also, the major energy is centered on the vertical component, while amplitude of the other horizontal components is very small. From the start of water injection, the number of seismic events varied with time. And the event was most frequent in the period of upper Shahejie3 injection. The distribution of events extended from the injected well to the outside with time, and the direction of events distribution rotated in different injected interval. Of which, in the low permeability interval, events trend close to the direction of principal compressive stress direction; while in higher permeability interval, they trend close to the predominant seepage direction.
引文
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[4]胜利油田采油院编.2000.胜利油田水力压裂裂缝监测.胜利油田报告:16-23.
[1]山东省地震局.1998.震情参阅,第9期.
陈国光,徐杰,马宗晋,等.2004.渤海盆地现代构造应力场与强震活动[J].地震学报,26(4):396-403.
程式,刘文泰.1992.中国注水诱发地震的又一个实例[J].地震,(1):63-66.
董瑞树,蒋秀琴.1985.渤海周围地区地震震源机制解和应力场特征[J].东北地震研究,1(1):55-62.
冯学才,崔中元,贾文山.1985.注水引起的局部构造活动及其与地震的关系[J].中国地震,1(3):67-71.
高建理,丁健民,梁国平,等.1987.华北地区盆地内地壳应力随深度的变化[J].中国地震,3(4):82-89.
高建理,丁健民,梁国平,等.1992.中国海区及其邻域的原地应力状态[J].地震学报,14(1):17-28.
龚鸿庆.1983.关于控制水库地震的理论及其可能性的讨论[J].华南地震,3(4):54-58.
李平,卢良玉,卢造勋,等.2001.辽宁及邻区地壳构造应力场及其与地震活动关系的三维有限元数值模拟研究[J].地震学报,23(1):24-35.
刘一鸣,和景昊,陈家庚,等.1984.任丘油田开发与地震活动[G]∥国家地震局地震研究所编.中国诱发地震.北京:地震出版社:183-188.
卢守安,苏鸾声,陈正品,等.1987.山东角07井注(漏)水诱发地震:地表宏观现象与震群活动特点[J].地震地质,9(3):79-83.
商宏宽,常宝琦,刘晓年.1986.诱发地震对策[G]∥郭增建,陈鑫连编.地震对策.北京:地震出版社:9-13.
孙叶,谭成轩.1995.中国现今区域构造应力场与地壳运动趋势分析[J].地质力学学报,1(3):1-12.
涂毅敏,陈运泰.2002.德国大陆超深钻井注水诱发地震的精确定位[J].地震学报,24(6):587-598.
魏柏林,郭钦华,李纯清,等.1999.论三水地震的成因[J].中国地震,15(3):247-256.
武汉地震大队水库地震研究队.1977.深井注水地震[J].地震战线,(3):21-23.
武汉地震研究所水库地震研究队.1978.美国落基山注水地震[J].地震战线,(6):7-8.
谢富仁,崔效锋,赵建涛.2003.全球应力场与构造分析[J].地学前缘,10(特刊):22-30.
徐泽奎.1989.罗城地区的地质构造与注水采盐诱发地震[J].西北地震学报,11(3):96-98.
许忠淮,汪素云,黄雨蕊,等.1989.由大量的地震资料推断的我国大陆构造应力场[J].地球物理学报,32(6):636-647.
许忠淮,闫明,赵仲和.1983.由多个小地震推断的华北地区构造应力场的方向[J].地震学报,5(3):268-279.
张宝红,邱泽华.1994.关于注水地震研究的几个问题[J].现代地质,8(3):329-333.
赵根模,张德元.1995.注水诱发地震研究[M].北京:地震出版社:46-68.
宗国洪,肖焕钦,李常宝,等.1999.济阳坳陷构造演化及其大地构造意义[J].高校地质学报,5(3):275-282.
Crosson R S.1972.Small earthquakes,structure,and tectonics of the Puget Sound region[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,62:1133-1171.
Davis S D,Pennington WD.1989.Induced seismic deformationinthe Cogdell oil field of west Texas[J].Bull SeismSocAmer,79:1477-1494.
Evans K F,Moria H,Niitsuma H,et al.2005.Microseismicity and permeability enhancement of hydrogeologic struc-tures during massive fluidinjections into granite at3kmdepth at the Soultz HDRsite[J].Geophys J Int,160:388-412.
Healy J H,Rubey W W,Griggs D T,et al.1968.The Denver earthquakes[J].Science,161:1301-1304.
Harjes HP,Bram K,Duerbaum HJ,et al.1997.Origin and nature of crustal reflections:Results fromintegrated seis-mic measurements at the KTB super-deep drilling site[J].J Geophys Res,102(B8):18267-18288.
House L.1987.Locating micro-earthquakes induced by hydraulic fracturing in crystalline rock[J].Geophys Res Lett,14(9):919-921.
Rutledge J T,Phillips WS,Mayerhofer MJ.2004.Faulting induced by forced fluild injection and fluid flowforced byfaulting:Aninterpretation hydraulic-fracturing micro-seismicty,Carthage Cotton Valley Gas Field,Texas[J].BullSeismSoc Amer,94(5):1817-1830.
Sminchak J,Gupta N.2003.Aspects of induced seismic activity and deep-well sequestration of carbon dioxide[J].Envi-ronmental Geosciences,10(2):81-89.
Segall P.1989.Earthquakes triggered by fluid extraction[J].Geology,17(10):942-946.
Yerkes R F,Castle R O.1976.Seismicity and faulting attributable to fluid extraction[J].Engineering Geology,10(24):151-167.
[3]胜利油田地震台编.2005.黄河三角洲地震地质.胜利油田报告:32-37.
[4]胜利油田采油院编.2000.胜利油田水力压裂裂缝监测.胜利油田报告:16-23.
[1]山东省地震局.1998.震情参阅,第9期.
陈国光,徐杰,马宗晋,等.2004.渤海盆地现代构造应力场与强震活动[J].地震学报,26(4):396-403.
程式,刘文泰.1992.中国注水诱发地震的又一个实例[J].地震,(1):63-66.
董瑞树,蒋秀琴.1985.渤海周围地区地震震源机制解和应力场特征[J].东北地震研究,1(1):55-62.
冯学才,崔中元,贾文山.1985.注水引起的局部构造活动及其与地震的关系[J].中国地震,1(3):67-71.
高建理,丁健民,梁国平,等.1987.华北地区盆地内地壳应力随深度的变化[J].中国地震,3(4):82-89.
高建理,丁健民,梁国平,等.1992.中国海区及其邻域的原地应力状态[J].地震学报,14(1):17-28.
龚鸿庆.1983.关于控制水库地震的理论及其可能性的讨论[J].华南地震,3(4):54-58.
李平,卢良玉,卢造勋,等.2001.辽宁及邻区地壳构造应力场及其与地震活动关系的三维有限元数值模拟研究[J].地震学报,23(1):24-35.
刘一鸣,和景昊,陈家庚,等.1984.任丘油田开发与地震活动[G]∥国家地震局地震研究所编.中国诱发地震.北京:地震出版社:183-188.
卢守安,苏鸾声,陈正品,等.1987.山东角07井注(漏)水诱发地震:地表宏观现象与震群活动特点[J].地震地质,9(3):79-83.
商宏宽,常宝琦,刘晓年.1986.诱发地震对策[G]∥郭增建,陈鑫连编.地震对策.北京:地震出版社:9-13.
孙叶,谭成轩.1995.中国现今区域构造应力场与地壳运动趋势分析[J].地质力学学报,1(3):1-12.
涂毅敏,陈运泰.2002.德国大陆超深钻井注水诱发地震的精确定位[J].地震学报,24(6):587-598.
魏柏林,郭钦华,李纯清,等.1999.论三水地震的成因[J].中国地震,15(3):247-256.
武汉地震大队水库地震研究队.1977.深井注水地震[J].地震战线,(3):21-23.
武汉地震研究所水库地震研究队.1978.美国落基山注水地震[J].地震战线,(6):7-8.
谢富仁,崔效锋,赵建涛.2003.全球应力场与构造分析[J].地学前缘,10(特刊):22-30.
徐泽奎.1989.罗城地区的地质构造与注水采盐诱发地震[J].西北地震学报,11(3):96-98.
许忠淮,汪素云,黄雨蕊,等.1989.由大量的地震资料推断的我国大陆构造应力场[J].地球物理学报,32(6):636-647.
许忠淮,闫明,赵仲和.1983.由多个小地震推断的华北地区构造应力场的方向[J].地震学报,5(3):268-279.
张宝红,邱泽华.1994.关于注水地震研究的几个问题[J].现代地质,8(3):329-333.
赵根模,张德元.1995.注水诱发地震研究[M].北京:地震出版社:46-68.
宗国洪,肖焕钦,李常宝,等.1999.济阳坳陷构造演化及其大地构造意义[J].高校地质学报,5(3):275-282.
Crosson R S.1972.Small earthquakes,structure,and tectonics of the Puget Sound region[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,62:1133-1171.
Davis S D,Pennington WD.1989.Induced seismic deformationinthe Cogdell oil field of west Texas[J].Bull SeismSocAmer,79:1477-1494.
Evans K F,Moria H,Niitsuma H,et al.2005.Microseismicity and permeability enhancement of hydrogeologic struc-tures during massive fluidinjections into granite at3kmdepth at the Soultz HDRsite[J].Geophys J Int,160:388-412.
Healy J H,Rubey W W,Griggs D T,et al.1968.The Denver earthquakes[J].Science,161:1301-1304.
Harjes HP,Bram K,Duerbaum HJ,et al.1997.Origin and nature of crustal reflections:Results fromintegrated seis-mic measurements at the KTB super-deep drilling site[J].J Geophys Res,102(B8):18267-18288.
House L.1987.Locating micro-earthquakes induced by hydraulic fracturing in crystalline rock[J].Geophys Res Lett,14(9):919-921.
Rutledge J T,Phillips WS,Mayerhofer MJ.2004.Faulting induced by forced fluild injection and fluid flowforced byfaulting:Aninterpretation hydraulic-fracturing micro-seismicty,Carthage Cotton Valley Gas Field,Texas[J].BullSeismSoc Amer,94(5):1817-1830.
Sminchak J,Gupta N.2003.Aspects of induced seismic activity and deep-well sequestration of carbon dioxide[J].Envi-ronmental Geosciences,10(2):81-89.
Segall P.1989.Earthquakes triggered by fluid extraction[J].Geology,17(10):942-946.
Yerkes R F,Castle R O.1976.Seismicity and faulting attributable to fluid extraction[J].Engineering Geology,10(24):151-167.
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