龙门山地震断裂带地应力分布及其对井壁稳定的影响——以WFSD-2井为例
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摘要
龙门山地震断裂带是我国最为强烈的地震带之一,地层破碎、地应力异常,钻孔缩径造成孔内事故频发,井壁稳定问题十分突出。本文介绍了汶川地震断裂带科学钻探施工中所发生的孔内事故情况,并通过对地层应力数据的统计分析,得出龙门山地震断裂带最大水平应力和最小水平应力随深度变化的回归曲线,最大水平应力梯度为4.52MPa/100m,最小水平应力梯度为2.51MPa/100m。以WFSD-2井为例,分析了龙门山地震断裂带地层应力、尤其是断层泥应力对井壁稳定的影响;针对膨胀性地层,介绍了一种通过泥浆密度微调现场测定地层坍塌压力和破裂压力的简易方法。
The Longmenshan earthquake fault zone is one of the most active fault zones in China.It is characterized by fractured formation and anomalous in-situ stress which cause Frequent down hole drilling accidents due to formation expanding.The borehole stability is a serious problem.This paper presents the down hole drilling accidents that occurred during the scientific drilling(WFSD at the Wenchuan earthquake fault zone.The statistics and regression analysis of the in-situ stress produced the curves that describe the maximum and minimum horizontal stresses changing with depth.The maximum horizontal stress gradient is about 4.52MPa/100m,and the minimum horizontal stress gradient is about 2.51MPa/100m.Taking the borehole WFSD-2 as an example,the effects of stress,especially gouge stress on borehole stability is analyzed.A simple method is introduced that the formation caving pressure and fracture pressure are measured by density fine adjustment of drilling fluid applied to formation expanding and diameter shrinkage.
The Longmenshan earthquake fault zone is one of the most active fault zones in China.It is characterized by fractured formation and anomalous in-situ stress which cause Frequent down hole drilling accidents due to formation expanding.The borehole stability is a serious problem.This paper presents the down hole drilling accidents that occurred during the scientific drilling(WFSD at the Wenchuan earthquake fault zone.The statistics and regression analysis of the in-situ stress produced the curves that describe the maximum and minimum horizontal stresses changing with depth.The maximum horizontal stress gradient is about 4.52MPa/100m,and the minimum horizontal stress gradient is about 2.51MPa/100m.Taking the borehole WFSD-2 as an example,the effects of stress,especially gouge stress on borehole stability is analyzed.A simple method is introduced that the formation caving pressure and fracture pressure are measured by density fine adjustment of drilling fluid applied to formation expanding and diameter shrinkage.
引文
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Chen Xue-zhong,Li Han’e,Guo Xiang-yun.2008.Estimation ofthe stress levels in the focal region before and after the May12,2008Wenchuan,Sichuan earthquake with Ms8.0[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,354(6):1-3(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Deng Jin-gen,Cheng Yuan-fang,Chen Mian,Wei Bao-hua.2008.Prediction technology of borehole stability[M].Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press:31-46(in Chinese)
Fan La-sheng,Jia Jun,Wu Jin-sheng,Zhao Yuan-gang,You Jian-wu.2009.Overview on drilling operation of the WFSD-1inWenchuan earthquake fault scientific drilling project[J].Exploration Engineering(Rock&Soil Drilling and Tunneling),36(12):5-8(in Chinese with English abstract)
Gao Deli.2004.Drilling techniques in deep and ultra-deep wells undercomplicated geological condition[M].Beijing:Petroleum IndustryPress:1-8(in Chinese)
Jiao Qing,Yang Xuan-hui,Xu Li-qing,Wang Bo.2008.Preliminary study on motion characteristics of Longmenshan fault before andafter Ms8.0Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,28(4):7-11(in Chinese with English abstract)
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Li Yong,Zhou Rong-jun,Densmore A L,Yan Liang,Richardson N,Dong Shun-li,Ellis M A,Zhang Yi,He Yu-lin,Chen Hao,Qiao Bao-cheng,Ma Bo-lin.2008.Surface rupture and deformation of the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault by the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,82(12):1689-1706(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Li Yong,Zhou Rong-jun,Densmore A L,Ellis M A.2006.Geomorphic evidence for the late Cenozoic strike-slipping and thrusting inLongmen mountain at the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau[J].Quaternary Sciences,26(1):40-51(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li Zhi-jun,Chen Li-yi,Jia Jun,You Jian-wu,Cao Qi-you.2009.Research and application of drilling fluid system for fault gouge section of the hole WFSD-1of Wenchuan earthquake fault scientificdrilling project[J].Exploration Engineering(Rock&Soil Drillingand Tunneling),36(12):13-19(in Chinese with English abstract)
Ren Jun-jie,Zhang Shi-min.2008.Characteristics of surface rupturezone of Wenchuan Ms8.0earthquake and its tectonic significance[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,28(6):47-52(in Chinese with English abstract)
Shan Bin,Xiong Xiong,Zheng Yong,Diao Fa-qi.2009.Stress changeson major fault caused by Mw7.9Wenchuan earthquake,May12,2008[J].Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci,52(5):593-601,doi:10.1007/s11430-009-0060-9(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang Lian-jie,Cui Jun-wen,Zhou Chun-jing,Sun Dong-sheng,Wang Wei,Tang Zhe-min,Qian Hua-shan.2009.Numericalmodeling for Wenchuan earthquake mechanism[J].Journal of Geomechanics,15(2):105-113(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang Huan,Li Hai-bing,Pei Jun-ling,Li Tian-fu,Huang Yao,Zhao Zhi-dan.2010.Structural and lithologic characteristics of theWenchuan earthquake fault zone and its relationship with seismic activity[J].Quaternary Sciences,30(4):768-778(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Wei Zhan-yu,He Hong-lin,Dong Shao-peng,Chen Jie,GaoXiang,Sun Hai-qing,Jia Shi-xu,Wang Shi-yuan.2008.Rupture analysis of the Wenchuan earthquake at two observation stations by geometry and kinematics[J].Seismology and Geology,30(4):1023-1032(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wu Man-lu,Zhang Yue-qiao,Liao Chun-ting,Chen Qun-ce,MaYin-sheng,Wu Jin-sheng,Yan Jun-feng,Ou Ming-yi.2010.Preliminary results of in-situ stress measurements along theLongmenshan foult zone after the Wenchuan Ms8.0earthquake[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,84(9):1292-1299(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu Zhi-qin,Li Hai-bing,Wu Zhong-liang.2008.Wenchuan earthquake and scientific drilling[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,82(12):1613-1622(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang Xiao-ping,Jiang Pu,Song Feng-min,Liang Xiao-hua,ChenXian-cheng,Deng Zhong-wen.1999.The evidence of the southLongmenshan fault zones cutting late quaternary stratum[J].Seismology and Geology,21(4):341-345(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Zhou Rui-guang,Cheng Bin-fang,Gao Yu-sheng,Yang Ji-shen.1998.Relationship between creep behavior of fault gouge and its water contents[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,16(3):217222(in Chinese with English abstract)
安欧,高国宝.1996.龙门山断裂带测区古构造残余应力随深度分布及带中残余能量[J].地震地质,18(1):25-29
安其美,丁立丰,王海忠,赵仕广.2004.龙门山断裂带的性质与活动性研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,24(2):115-119
陈学忠,李艳娥,郭祥云.2008.2008年5月12日四川汶川8级地震应力水平估计[J].国际地震动态,354(6):1-3
邓金根,程远方,陈勉,蔚宝华.井壁稳定预测技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:31-46
樊腊生,贾军,吴金生,赵远刚,尤建武.2009.汶川地震断裂带科学钻探一号孔(WFSD-1)钻探施工概况[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),36(12):5-8
高德利.2004,复杂地质条件下深井超深井钻井技术[M],北京:石油工业出版社:2-8
焦青,杨选辉,许丽卿,王博.2008.汶川8.0级地震前后龙门山断裂活动特征浅析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,28(4):7-11
李海兵,付小芳,Jerome Van Der Woerd,司家亮,王宗秀,侯立玮,邱祝礼,李宁,吴富峣,许志琴,Paul Tapponnier.2008.汶川地震(Ms8.0)地表破裂及其同震右旋斜向逆冲作用[J].地质学报,82(12):1623-1642
李勇,周荣军,Alexander L.Densmore,闫亮,Nicholas Richardson,董顺利,Michael A.Ellis,张毅,何玉林,陈浩,乔宝成,马博琳.2008.映秀-北川断裂的地表破裂与变形特征[J].地质学报,82(12):1689-1706
李勇,周荣军,A.L.Densmore,M.A.Ellis.2006.青藏高原东缘龙门山晚新生代走滑-逆冲作用的地貌标志[J].第四纪研究,26(1):40-51
李之军,陈礼仪,贾军,尤建武,曹其友.2009.汶川地震断裂带科学钻探一号孔(WFSD-1)断层泥孔段泥浆体系的研究与应用[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),36(12):13-19
任俊杰,张世民.2008.汶川8级地震地表破裂带特征及其构造意义[J].大地测量与地球动力学,28(6):47-52
单斌,熊熊,郑勇,刁法启.2009.2008年5月12日Mw7.9汶川地震导致的周边断层应力变化[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,39(5):537-545
王连捷,崔军文,周春景,孙东生,王薇,唐哲民,钱华山.2009.汶川5.12地震发震机理的数值模拟[J].地质力学学报,15(2):105-113
王焕,李海兵,裴军令,李天福,黄尧,赵志丹.2010.汶川地震断裂带结构、岩性特征及其与地震活动的关系[J].第四纪研究,30(4):768-778
魏占玉,何宏林,董绍鹏,陈杰,高翔,孙海清,嘉世旭,王世元.2008.从两个地表破裂点的几何学与运动学特征分析汶川地震的破裂方式[J].地震地质,30(4):1023-1032
吴满路,张岳桥,廖椿庭,陈群策,马寅生,吴金生,严君凤,区明益.2010.汶川地震后沿龙门山裂断带原地应力测量初步结果[J].地质学报,84(9):1292-1299
许志琴,李海兵,吴忠良.2008.汶川地震和科学钻探[J].地质学报,82(12):1613-1622
杨晓平,蒋溥,宋方敏,梁小华,陈献程,邓忠文.1999.龙门山断裂带南段错断晚更新世以来地层的证据[J].地震地质,21(4):341-345
周瑞光,成彬芳,高玉生,杨计申.1998.断层泥蠕变特性与含水量的关系研究[J].工程地质学报,6(3):217-222
An Ou,Gao Guo-bao.1996.Distribution of paleotectonic residualstress with depth and residual energy in Longmenshan fault zone[J].Seismology and Geology,18(1):25-29(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
An Qi-mei,Ding Li-feng,Wang Hai-zhong,Zhao Shi-guang.2004.Research of property and activity of Longmen mountain faultzone[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,24(2):115-119(in Chinese with English abstract)
Burchfiel B C,Royden L H,Van der Hilst R D,Hager B H,Chen Z,King R W,Li C,Lv J,Yao H,Kirby E.2008.A geological andgeophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of12May2008,Sichuan,People’s Republic of China[J].GSA Today,18(7):4-11
Chen Xue-zhong,Li Han’e,Guo Xiang-yun.2008.Estimation ofthe stress levels in the focal region before and after the May12,2008Wenchuan,Sichuan earthquake with Ms8.0[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,354(6):1-3(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Deng Jin-gen,Cheng Yuan-fang,Chen Mian,Wei Bao-hua.2008.Prediction technology of borehole stability[M].Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press:31-46(in Chinese)
Fan La-sheng,Jia Jun,Wu Jin-sheng,Zhao Yuan-gang,You Jian-wu.2009.Overview on drilling operation of the WFSD-1inWenchuan earthquake fault scientific drilling project[J].Exploration Engineering(Rock&Soil Drilling and Tunneling),36(12):5-8(in Chinese with English abstract)
Gao Deli.2004.Drilling techniques in deep and ultra-deep wells undercomplicated geological condition[M].Beijing:Petroleum IndustryPress:1-8(in Chinese)
Jiao Qing,Yang Xuan-hui,Xu Li-qing,Wang Bo.2008.Preliminary study on motion characteristics of Longmenshan fault before andafter Ms8.0Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,28(4):7-11(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li Hai-bing,Fu Xiao-fang,Van Der Woerd J,Si Jia-liang,WangZong-xiu,Hou Li-wei,Qiu Zhu-li,Li Ning,Wu Fu-yao,XuZhi-qin,Tapponnier P.2008.Co-seisimic surface rupture anddextral-slip oblique thrusting of the Ms8.0wenchuan earthquake[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,82(12):1623-1642(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Li Yong,Zhou Rong-jun,Densmore A L,Yan Liang,Richardson N,Dong Shun-li,Ellis M A,Zhang Yi,He Yu-lin,Chen Hao,Qiao Bao-cheng,Ma Bo-lin.2008.Surface rupture and deformation of the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault by the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,82(12):1689-1706(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Li Yong,Zhou Rong-jun,Densmore A L,Ellis M A.2006.Geomorphic evidence for the late Cenozoic strike-slipping and thrusting inLongmen mountain at the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau[J].Quaternary Sciences,26(1):40-51(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li Zhi-jun,Chen Li-yi,Jia Jun,You Jian-wu,Cao Qi-you.2009.Research and application of drilling fluid system for fault gouge section of the hole WFSD-1of Wenchuan earthquake fault scientificdrilling project[J].Exploration Engineering(Rock&Soil Drillingand Tunneling),36(12):13-19(in Chinese with English abstract)
Ren Jun-jie,Zhang Shi-min.2008.Characteristics of surface rupturezone of Wenchuan Ms8.0earthquake and its tectonic significance[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,28(6):47-52(in Chinese with English abstract)
Shan Bin,Xiong Xiong,Zheng Yong,Diao Fa-qi.2009.Stress changeson major fault caused by Mw7.9Wenchuan earthquake,May12,2008[J].Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci,52(5):593-601,doi:10.1007/s11430-009-0060-9(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang Lian-jie,Cui Jun-wen,Zhou Chun-jing,Sun Dong-sheng,Wang Wei,Tang Zhe-min,Qian Hua-shan.2009.Numericalmodeling for Wenchuan earthquake mechanism[J].Journal of Geomechanics,15(2):105-113(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang Huan,Li Hai-bing,Pei Jun-ling,Li Tian-fu,Huang Yao,Zhao Zhi-dan.2010.Structural and lithologic characteristics of theWenchuan earthquake fault zone and its relationship with seismic activity[J].Quaternary Sciences,30(4):768-778(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Wei Zhan-yu,He Hong-lin,Dong Shao-peng,Chen Jie,GaoXiang,Sun Hai-qing,Jia Shi-xu,Wang Shi-yuan.2008.Rupture analysis of the Wenchuan earthquake at two observation stations by geometry and kinematics[J].Seismology and Geology,30(4):1023-1032(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wu Man-lu,Zhang Yue-qiao,Liao Chun-ting,Chen Qun-ce,MaYin-sheng,Wu Jin-sheng,Yan Jun-feng,Ou Ming-yi.2010.Preliminary results of in-situ stress measurements along theLongmenshan foult zone after the Wenchuan Ms8.0earthquake[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,84(9):1292-1299(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu Zhi-qin,Li Hai-bing,Wu Zhong-liang.2008.Wenchuan earthquake and scientific drilling[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,82(12):1613-1622(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang Xiao-ping,Jiang Pu,Song Feng-min,Liang Xiao-hua,ChenXian-cheng,Deng Zhong-wen.1999.The evidence of the southLongmenshan fault zones cutting late quaternary stratum[J].Seismology and Geology,21(4):341-345(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Zhou Rui-guang,Cheng Bin-fang,Gao Yu-sheng,Yang Ji-shen.1998.Relationship between creep behavior of fault gouge and its water contents[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,16(3):217222(in Chinese with English abstract)
安欧,高国宝.1996.龙门山断裂带测区古构造残余应力随深度分布及带中残余能量[J].地震地质,18(1):25-29
安其美,丁立丰,王海忠,赵仕广.2004.龙门山断裂带的性质与活动性研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,24(2):115-119
陈学忠,李艳娥,郭祥云.2008.2008年5月12日四川汶川8级地震应力水平估计[J].国际地震动态,354(6):1-3
邓金根,程远方,陈勉,蔚宝华.井壁稳定预测技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:31-46
樊腊生,贾军,吴金生,赵远刚,尤建武.2009.汶川地震断裂带科学钻探一号孔(WFSD-1)钻探施工概况[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),36(12):5-8
高德利.2004,复杂地质条件下深井超深井钻井技术[M],北京:石油工业出版社:2-8
焦青,杨选辉,许丽卿,王博.2008.汶川8.0级地震前后龙门山断裂活动特征浅析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,28(4):7-11
李海兵,付小芳,Jerome Van Der Woerd,司家亮,王宗秀,侯立玮,邱祝礼,李宁,吴富峣,许志琴,Paul Tapponnier.2008.汶川地震(Ms8.0)地表破裂及其同震右旋斜向逆冲作用[J].地质学报,82(12):1623-1642
李勇,周荣军,Alexander L.Densmore,闫亮,Nicholas Richardson,董顺利,Michael A.Ellis,张毅,何玉林,陈浩,乔宝成,马博琳.2008.映秀-北川断裂的地表破裂与变形特征[J].地质学报,82(12):1689-1706
李勇,周荣军,A.L.Densmore,M.A.Ellis.2006.青藏高原东缘龙门山晚新生代走滑-逆冲作用的地貌标志[J].第四纪研究,26(1):40-51
李之军,陈礼仪,贾军,尤建武,曹其友.2009.汶川地震断裂带科学钻探一号孔(WFSD-1)断层泥孔段泥浆体系的研究与应用[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),36(12):13-19
任俊杰,张世民.2008.汶川8级地震地表破裂带特征及其构造意义[J].大地测量与地球动力学,28(6):47-52
单斌,熊熊,郑勇,刁法启.2009.2008年5月12日Mw7.9汶川地震导致的周边断层应力变化[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,39(5):537-545
王连捷,崔军文,周春景,孙东生,王薇,唐哲民,钱华山.2009.汶川5.12地震发震机理的数值模拟[J].地质力学学报,15(2):105-113
王焕,李海兵,裴军令,李天福,黄尧,赵志丹.2010.汶川地震断裂带结构、岩性特征及其与地震活动的关系[J].第四纪研究,30(4):768-778
魏占玉,何宏林,董绍鹏,陈杰,高翔,孙海清,嘉世旭,王世元.2008.从两个地表破裂点的几何学与运动学特征分析汶川地震的破裂方式[J].地震地质,30(4):1023-1032
吴满路,张岳桥,廖椿庭,陈群策,马寅生,吴金生,严君凤,区明益.2010.汶川地震后沿龙门山裂断带原地应力测量初步结果[J].地质学报,84(9):1292-1299
许志琴,李海兵,吴忠良.2008.汶川地震和科学钻探[J].地质学报,82(12):1613-1622
杨晓平,蒋溥,宋方敏,梁小华,陈献程,邓忠文.1999.龙门山断裂带南段错断晚更新世以来地层的证据[J].地震地质,21(4):341-345
周瑞光,成彬芳,高玉生,杨计申.1998.断层泥蠕变特性与含水量的关系研究[J].工程地质学报,6(3):217-222
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