塔里木盆地台盆区三叠系大型辫状河三角洲沉积特征
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摘要
辫状河三角洲是陆相沉积盆地重要的油气储集类型和油气勘探目标。综合运用岩心、测井、地震及分析化验资料,本文认为塔里木盆地台盆区三叠系在宽浅型拗陷湖盆背景下发育大型浅水辫状河三角洲沉积;台盆区总体处于沉积坡度较缓、水体较浅的沉积环境,辫状河三角洲砂体持续地由盆地周缘向盆地中央方向远距离推进,沉积了砂砾质的、具大型交错层理、粗粒间断正韵律和典型下切谷或前积地震反射特征的进积型辫状河三角洲,且以水下分流河道砂体为骨架砂体;文章还探讨了该类型三角洲亚相和微相沉积特征;最后划分并评价了塔里木盆地有利的岩性地层圈闭区。
Braided river delta is an important reservoir type and hydrocarbon exploration target in continental sedimentary basins.Using core,log,and seismic data,this paper indicates that the braided river delta in the Triassic of platform area in Tarim Basin was deposited extensively in the shore-shallow lake background.The platform is generally in the sedimentary environments with in a gentle slope and shallow water.Sand bodies of braided river delta extended continuously from the periphery to the center of the basin.Progradational braided river delta was deposited which has the typical characteristics of arenaceous-conglomeritic sediments,large cross bedding,coarse intermittent positive rhythm,as well as typical incised valley or progradational seismic reflectance signatures.And sand bodies of underwater distributary channel are the backbone ones.The characteristics of sedimentary subfacies and microfacies are also discussed in the paper.At last,favorable lithologic and stratigraphic traps in the platform area are divided and evaluated.
Braided river delta is an important reservoir type and hydrocarbon exploration target in continental sedimentary basins.Using core,log,and seismic data,this paper indicates that the braided river delta in the Triassic of platform area in Tarim Basin was deposited extensively in the shore-shallow lake background.The platform is generally in the sedimentary environments with in a gentle slope and shallow water.Sand bodies of braided river delta extended continuously from the periphery to the center of the basin.Progradational braided river delta was deposited which has the typical characteristics of arenaceous-conglomeritic sediments,large cross bedding,coarse intermittent positive rhythm,as well as typical incised valley or progradational seismic reflectance signatures.And sand bodies of underwater distributary channel are the backbone ones.The characteristics of sedimentary subfacies and microfacies are also discussed in the paper.At last,favorable lithologic and stratigraphic traps in the platform area are divided and evaluated.
引文
[1]Fisk H N.Sedimentary framework of the ModernMississippi Delta.Journal of Sedimentary Petrolo-gy,1961,24(2):76～99
[2]Donaldson A C.Pennsylvanian Sedimentation ofCentral Appalachians.The Geological Society of A-merica Inc,1974,Special Paper 148:47～48
[3]邹才能,赵文智,张兴阳等.大型敞流湖盆浅水三角洲与湖盆中心砂体的形成与分布.地质学报,2008,82(6):813～824Zou Caineng,Zhao Wenzhi,Zhang Xingyang et al.Formation and distribution of shallow water deltasand central basin sandbodies in large open depressionlake basins.Acta Geologica Sinca,2008,82(6):813～824
[4]吴小红,吕修祥,周心怀等.黄河口凹陷浅水三角洲沉积特征及其石油地质意义.石油与天然气地质,2010,31(2):165～172Wu Xiaohong,Lv Xiuxiang,Zhou Xinhuai et al.Dep-ositional characteristics and hydrocarbon explorationsignificance of shallow deltas in the Yellow RiverMouth Sag.Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(2):165～172
[5]朱伟林,李建平,周心怀等.渤海新近系浅水三角洲沉积体系与大型油气田勘探.沉积学报,2008,26(4):575～582Zhu Weilin,Li Jianping,Zhou Xinhua et al.Neogeneshallow water deltaic system and large hydrocarbonaccumulations in Bohai Bay,China.Acta Sedmento-logica Sinica,2008,26(4):575～582
[6]王家豪,姚光庆,赵彦超.浅水辫状河三角洲发育区短期基准面旋回划分及储层宏观特征分析.沉积学报,2004,22(1):87～94Wang Jiahao,Yao Guangqing,Zhao Yanchao.Studyon identification of short term base level cycle andmacroscopic distribution of reservoirs in shallow wa-ter braided delta.Acta Sedmentologica Sinica,2004,22(1):87～94
[7]楼章华,兰翔,卢庆梅等.地形、气候与湖面波动对浅水三角洲沉积环境的控制作用.地质学报,1999,73(1):83～92Lou Zhanghua,Lan Xiang,Lu Qingmei et al.Controlsof the topography,climate and lake level fluctuationon the depositional environment of a shallow waterdelta.Acta Geologica Sinca,1999,73(1):83～92
[8]代黎明,李建平,周心怀等.渤海海域新近系浅水三角洲沉积体系分析.岩性油气藏,2007,19(4):75～81Dai Limin,Li Jianping,Zhou Xinhuai et al.Deposi-tional system of the Neogene shallow water delta inBohai Sea area.Lithologic Reservoirs,2007,19(4):75～81
[9]朱筱敏,张义娜,杨俊生等.准噶尔盆地侏罗系辫状河三角洲沉积特征.石油与天然气地质,2008,29(2):244～251Zhu Xiaomin,Zhang Yina,Yang Junsheng et al.Sedi-mentary characteristics of the shallow Jurassic brai-ded river delta,the Junggar Basin.Oil&Gas Geolo-gy,2008,29(2):244～251
[10]张昌民,尹太举,朱永进等.浅水三角洲沉积模式.沉积学报,2010,28(5):933～943Zhang Changmin,Yin Taiju,Zhu Yongjin et al.Shal-low water deltas and models.Acta SedimentologicaSinica,2010,28(5):933～943
[11]贾承造,魏国齐,姚慧君等.盆地构造演化与区域构造地质.塔里木盆地油气勘探丛书.北京:石油工业出版社,1995
[12]高岩,赵秀岐,张伟等.塔里木盆地层序地层特征与非构造圈闭勘探.北京:石油工业出版社,2003
[13]陈旭,董玉文,郝广雷.塔中地区早二叠世岩浆活动特征及其石油地质意义.地质科技情报,2009,29(5):78～83Chen Xu,Dong Yuwen,Hao Guanglei.Magmatic ac-tivities and their influences on hydrocarbon accumula-tion in the early Permian,central Tarim basin.Geo-logical Science and Technology Information,2009,29(5):78～83
[14]吕雪雁,朱筱敏,申银民等.塔里木盆地台盆区三叠系层序地层研究和有利勘探区预测.石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):32～35Lv Xueyan,Zhu Xiaomin,Shen Yinmin et al.TheTriassic sequence stratigraphy and the predition of thefavourable exploration targets in Traim basin.Petro-leum Exploration and Development,2002,29(1):32～35
[15]刘辰生,郭建华.新疆阿克库勒地区三叠系中油组层序地层学研究.地层学杂志,2008,32(1):42～45Liu Chensheng,Guo Jianhua.Sequence stratigraphyof the Triassic middle oil-member in the Akekule are-a,Xinjiang.Journal of Stratigraphy,2008,32(1):42～45
[16]郭学斌,李子顺.应用高分辨率地震技术识别下切谷——松辽盆地杏树岗泉头组解释实例.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增刊1):154～157Guo Xuebin,Li Zishun.Application of high resolutionseismic technique in recognizing incised valley,an in-terpretation case study for Quantou Formation in Xin-shugang area.OGP,2010,45(Sup 1):154～157
[17]马水平,王志宏,田永乐等.地震反射同相轴的地质含义.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(3):454～457Ma Shuiping,Wang Zhihong,Tian Yongle et al.Studies on geological meaning of seismic reflection e-vents.OGP,2010,45(3):454～457
[18]刘朋波,蒲仁海,刘娟霞.松辽盆地十屋断陷前积反射特征及意义.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(1):115～121Liu Pengbo,Pu Renhai and Liu Juanxia.Progradationreflection characteristics and significance in Shiwufault depression,Songliao Basin.OGP,2010,45(1):115～121
[19]Zhu Hongtao,Chen Kaiyuan,Liu Keyu et al.A se-quence stratigraphic model for reservoir sand-bodydistribution in the lower Permian Shanxi formation inthe Ordos Basin,Northern China.Marine and Petro-leum Geology,2008,25(2):731～743
[20]Catuneanu C,Abreu V,Bhattacharya P J et al.To-wards the standardization of sequence stratigraphy.Earth-Science Reviews,2009,92(1):1～33
[21]张雷,王英民,杨婷等.阿克亚苏地区三叠系中油组有利圈闭预测.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(6):739～746Zhang Lei,Wang Yingmin,Yang Ting et al.Triassicmiddle oil-member favorite trap prediction in AkeyasuArea.OGP,2009,44(6):739～746
[22]陈旭,董玉文,陈红汉等.塔里木盆地台盆区三叠系三级层序界面和体系域界面的识别与应用.沉积学报,2011,29(5):917～925Chen Xu,Dong Yuwen,Chen Honghan et al.Identifi-cation and application of sequence boundaries and sys-tem tract boundaries for the Triassic in the platformof Tarim Basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2011,29(5):917～925
[23]党青宁,赵宽志,孙雄伟等.阿瓦提凹陷三叠系地震相特征及有利勘探区预测.新疆石油地质,2009,30(2):208～211Dang Qingning,Zhao Kuanzhi,Sun Songwei et al.Prediction of seismic facies and favorable prospectingareas of Triassic in Awati Sag,Tarim Basin.XinjiangPetroleumGeology,2009,30(2):208～211
[2]Donaldson A C.Pennsylvanian Sedimentation ofCentral Appalachians.The Geological Society of A-merica Inc,1974,Special Paper 148:47～48
[3]邹才能,赵文智,张兴阳等.大型敞流湖盆浅水三角洲与湖盆中心砂体的形成与分布.地质学报,2008,82(6):813～824Zou Caineng,Zhao Wenzhi,Zhang Xingyang et al.Formation and distribution of shallow water deltasand central basin sandbodies in large open depressionlake basins.Acta Geologica Sinca,2008,82(6):813～824
[4]吴小红,吕修祥,周心怀等.黄河口凹陷浅水三角洲沉积特征及其石油地质意义.石油与天然气地质,2010,31(2):165～172Wu Xiaohong,Lv Xiuxiang,Zhou Xinhuai et al.Dep-ositional characteristics and hydrocarbon explorationsignificance of shallow deltas in the Yellow RiverMouth Sag.Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(2):165～172
[5]朱伟林,李建平,周心怀等.渤海新近系浅水三角洲沉积体系与大型油气田勘探.沉积学报,2008,26(4):575～582Zhu Weilin,Li Jianping,Zhou Xinhua et al.Neogeneshallow water deltaic system and large hydrocarbonaccumulations in Bohai Bay,China.Acta Sedmento-logica Sinica,2008,26(4):575～582
[6]王家豪,姚光庆,赵彦超.浅水辫状河三角洲发育区短期基准面旋回划分及储层宏观特征分析.沉积学报,2004,22(1):87～94Wang Jiahao,Yao Guangqing,Zhao Yanchao.Studyon identification of short term base level cycle andmacroscopic distribution of reservoirs in shallow wa-ter braided delta.Acta Sedmentologica Sinica,2004,22(1):87～94
[7]楼章华,兰翔,卢庆梅等.地形、气候与湖面波动对浅水三角洲沉积环境的控制作用.地质学报,1999,73(1):83～92Lou Zhanghua,Lan Xiang,Lu Qingmei et al.Controlsof the topography,climate and lake level fluctuationon the depositional environment of a shallow waterdelta.Acta Geologica Sinca,1999,73(1):83～92
[8]代黎明,李建平,周心怀等.渤海海域新近系浅水三角洲沉积体系分析.岩性油气藏,2007,19(4):75～81Dai Limin,Li Jianping,Zhou Xinhuai et al.Deposi-tional system of the Neogene shallow water delta inBohai Sea area.Lithologic Reservoirs,2007,19(4):75～81
[9]朱筱敏,张义娜,杨俊生等.准噶尔盆地侏罗系辫状河三角洲沉积特征.石油与天然气地质,2008,29(2):244～251Zhu Xiaomin,Zhang Yina,Yang Junsheng et al.Sedi-mentary characteristics of the shallow Jurassic brai-ded river delta,the Junggar Basin.Oil&Gas Geolo-gy,2008,29(2):244～251
[10]张昌民,尹太举,朱永进等.浅水三角洲沉积模式.沉积学报,2010,28(5):933～943Zhang Changmin,Yin Taiju,Zhu Yongjin et al.Shal-low water deltas and models.Acta SedimentologicaSinica,2010,28(5):933～943
[11]贾承造,魏国齐,姚慧君等.盆地构造演化与区域构造地质.塔里木盆地油气勘探丛书.北京:石油工业出版社,1995
[12]高岩,赵秀岐,张伟等.塔里木盆地层序地层特征与非构造圈闭勘探.北京:石油工业出版社,2003
[13]陈旭,董玉文,郝广雷.塔中地区早二叠世岩浆活动特征及其石油地质意义.地质科技情报,2009,29(5):78～83Chen Xu,Dong Yuwen,Hao Guanglei.Magmatic ac-tivities and their influences on hydrocarbon accumula-tion in the early Permian,central Tarim basin.Geo-logical Science and Technology Information,2009,29(5):78～83
[14]吕雪雁,朱筱敏,申银民等.塔里木盆地台盆区三叠系层序地层研究和有利勘探区预测.石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):32～35Lv Xueyan,Zhu Xiaomin,Shen Yinmin et al.TheTriassic sequence stratigraphy and the predition of thefavourable exploration targets in Traim basin.Petro-leum Exploration and Development,2002,29(1):32～35
[15]刘辰生,郭建华.新疆阿克库勒地区三叠系中油组层序地层学研究.地层学杂志,2008,32(1):42～45Liu Chensheng,Guo Jianhua.Sequence stratigraphyof the Triassic middle oil-member in the Akekule are-a,Xinjiang.Journal of Stratigraphy,2008,32(1):42～45
[16]郭学斌,李子顺.应用高分辨率地震技术识别下切谷——松辽盆地杏树岗泉头组解释实例.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增刊1):154～157Guo Xuebin,Li Zishun.Application of high resolutionseismic technique in recognizing incised valley,an in-terpretation case study for Quantou Formation in Xin-shugang area.OGP,2010,45(Sup 1):154～157
[17]马水平,王志宏,田永乐等.地震反射同相轴的地质含义.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(3):454～457Ma Shuiping,Wang Zhihong,Tian Yongle et al.Studies on geological meaning of seismic reflection e-vents.OGP,2010,45(3):454～457
[18]刘朋波,蒲仁海,刘娟霞.松辽盆地十屋断陷前积反射特征及意义.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(1):115～121Liu Pengbo,Pu Renhai and Liu Juanxia.Progradationreflection characteristics and significance in Shiwufault depression,Songliao Basin.OGP,2010,45(1):115～121
[19]Zhu Hongtao,Chen Kaiyuan,Liu Keyu et al.A se-quence stratigraphic model for reservoir sand-bodydistribution in the lower Permian Shanxi formation inthe Ordos Basin,Northern China.Marine and Petro-leum Geology,2008,25(2):731～743
[20]Catuneanu C,Abreu V,Bhattacharya P J et al.To-wards the standardization of sequence stratigraphy.Earth-Science Reviews,2009,92(1):1～33
[21]张雷,王英民,杨婷等.阿克亚苏地区三叠系中油组有利圈闭预测.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(6):739～746Zhang Lei,Wang Yingmin,Yang Ting et al.Triassicmiddle oil-member favorite trap prediction in AkeyasuArea.OGP,2009,44(6):739～746
[22]陈旭,董玉文,陈红汉等.塔里木盆地台盆区三叠系三级层序界面和体系域界面的识别与应用.沉积学报,2011,29(5):917～925Chen Xu,Dong Yuwen,Chen Honghan et al.Identifi-cation and application of sequence boundaries and sys-tem tract boundaries for the Triassic in the platformof Tarim Basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2011,29(5):917～925
[23]党青宁,赵宽志,孙雄伟等.阿瓦提凹陷三叠系地震相特征及有利勘探区预测.新疆石油地质,2009,30(2):208～211Dang Qingning,Zhao Kuanzhi,Sun Songwei et al.Prediction of seismic facies and favorable prospectingareas of Triassic in Awati Sag,Tarim Basin.XinjiangPetroleumGeology,2009,30(2):208～211
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