地球物理勘查技术与应用研究
摘要
随着我国国民经济的快速发展,矿产资源需求与保障能力之间的矛盾日益突出,金属矿勘查已成为当前地质工作的重要任务。找矿深度的不断增加,使得找矿难度也随之加大,这就为地球物理勘查技术提供了发展空间。本文对高精度航空磁测技术、航空电磁测量技术、航空放射性测量技术、航空重力测量技术、地面电磁测量技术、井中地球物理测量技术、金属矿地震勘探技术、天然地震流动台阵技术和深地震主动源剖面探测技术等进行了总结,较为全面地阐述了这些方法技术的研究及应用现状。这些方法技术是当前矿产勘查有效的地球物理方法技术,或是近年来研发的新方法、新技术,在新一轮的矿产勘查中具有广阔的应用前景。但是,地球物理勘查观测结果的多解性,又困扰着资料的正确推断解释,因此,如何正确选择和合理运用这些方法,充分发挥方法技术各自的优势,就显得尤为重要。本文重点围绕方法技术概况、基本原理、技术特点、应用范围和应用条件、应用实例及应用效果等方面进行归纳、总结,以期对金属矿勘查实践有所指导。
With the rapid development of China's national economy,the contradiction between mineral resources requirements and support capabilities have become increasingly prominent.The metal ore exploration has become an important task of geological work.Increasing the depth of exploration,so also will increase the difficulty of prospecting,geophysical prospecting techniques which provide for the development of space.This paper summer arises the technique of high precision aeromagnetic,airborne electromagnetic measurement techniques,airborne radioactivity measurement techniques,airborne gravity measurement technology,ground electromagnetic measurement techniques,borehole geophysical measurement technique,the metal mining seismic exploration technology,portable seismic array and deep seismic detection techniques,etc.,summarizes a more comprehensive exposition of these methods and application of technology.These methods and techniques are currently effective mineral exploration geophysical methods and techniques developed in recent years,and of a far-ranging application prospect in a new round of mineral exploration.However,multiple explanations of geophysical exploration results have long imposed difficulty on application of geophysical methods.So how to choose and employ these methods and how to take full use of their own advantages become particularly important.This overview just summarized achievements made in methods and techniques,basic principles,technical characteristics,application scope and conditions,case study and results,in hope of giving some guidance for metallic ore exploration.
With the rapid development of China's national economy,the contradiction between mineral resources requirements and support capabilities have become increasingly prominent.The metal ore exploration has become an important task of geological work.Increasing the depth of exploration,so also will increase the difficulty of prospecting,geophysical prospecting techniques which provide for the development of space.This paper summer arises the technique of high precision aeromagnetic,airborne electromagnetic measurement techniques,airborne radioactivity measurement techniques,airborne gravity measurement technology,ground electromagnetic measurement techniques,borehole geophysical measurement technique,the metal mining seismic exploration technology,portable seismic array and deep seismic detection techniques,etc.,summarizes a more comprehensive exposition of these methods and application of technology.These methods and techniques are currently effective mineral exploration geophysical methods and techniques developed in recent years,and of a far-ranging application prospect in a new round of mineral exploration.However,multiple explanations of geophysical exploration results have long imposed difficulty on application of geophysical methods.So how to choose and employ these methods and how to take full use of their own advantages become particularly important.This overview just summarized achievements made in methods and techniques,basic principles,technical characteristics,application scope and conditions,case study and results,in hope of giving some guidance for metallic ore exploration.
引文
《钻孔电磁波法》编写组.1982.钻孔电磁波法.北京:地质出版社.
蔡柏林,黄智辉,谷守民.1983.井中激发极化法.北京:地质出版社.
蔡柏林.1992.井中物探的发展现状与展望.物探化探译丛,4:101～105.
曹新志,张旺生,孙华山.2009.我国深部找矿研究进展综述.地质科技情报,28(2):104～109.
陈九辉,刘启元,李顺成,等.2005.青藏高原东北缘-鄂尔多斯地块地壳上地幔S波速度结构.地球物理学报,48(2):333～342.
陈乐寿,王光锷.1990.大地电磁测深法.北京:地质出版社.
陈学强,杨举勇,简先知,张德刚,段孟川.2007.塔中碳酸盐岩勘探小面元三维地震采集设计方法及应用效果.天然气工业,27(增刊A):37～39.
陈颙,陈龙生,于晟.2003.城市地球物理学发展展望.大地测量与地球动力学,23(4):1～4.
陈运平,王良书,米宁.2009.天山造山带的宽频带地震台阵流动观测.勘探地球物理进展,32(1),27～32.
崔作舟,陈纪平,吴苓.1996.花石峡-邵阳深部地壳的结构和构造.北京:地质出版社.
崔作舟,尹周勋,高恩元,等.1992.青藏高原速度结构和深部构造.北京:地质出版社.
地质矿产部第一综合物探大队.1985.井中磁测.北京:地质出版社.
方方等.2002.γ射线低能谱测量在地质调查中的初步应用.物探与化探,26(4):279～282.
傅良魁.1983.电法勘探教程.北京:地质出版社.
高锐,卢占武,刘金凯,酆少英,李朋武,张季生,王海燕.2010.庐-枞金属矿集区地震反射剖面解释结果-揭露地壳精细结构追踪成矿过程.岩石学报,26(9):2543～2552.
郭志宏,熊盛青,周坚鑫,等.2000.航空重力重复线测试数据质量评价方法研究.地球物理学报,51(5):1538～1543.
何继善编译.1990.可控源音频大地电磁法.长沙:中南工业大学出版社.
籍同冰,徐明才.1995.俄罗斯金属矿地震勘探.物化探译丛.4:25～34.
姜枚,吕庆田,薛光琦.1994.中法两国联合进行青藏高原天然地震探测地壳结构的研究.地球物理学报,37(3):412～413.
姜枚,薛光琦,史大年,等.1997.青藏高原天然地震研究新进展-中法合作东昆仑、阿尔金构造带岩石圈与碰撞机制研究.中国地球物理学会建立50周年纪念专辑,351～354.
雷达,孟小红,等.2004.复杂地形条件下的可控源音频大地电磁测深数据二维反演技术及应用效果.物探与化探,28(4):323～326.
雷达.2010.起伏地形下CSAMT二维正反演研究与应用.地球物理学报,53(4):982～993.
雷栋,胡祥云,张素芳.2006.航空电磁法的发展现状.地质找矿论丛,21(1):40～53.
雷振英.2007.井中声波方法研究的回顾与展望.物化探计算技术,29:170～173.
李华,王良书,李成,刘福田,胡德昭,于大勇.2008.大别造山带西段宽频带数字地震台阵观测与地壳上地幔结构.中国科学D辑,38(7):862～871.
李建华,林品荣.2009.基于多采样率FIR数字滤波技术的CSAMT信号提取.物探化探计算技术,31(1):33～38.
李秋生,卢德源,高锐,等.2000.横垮西昆仑-塔里木接触带的爆炸地震探测.中国科学(D),增刊:16～21.
李汝传,王书民,雷达.2002.复电阻率法和CSAMT法在土屋铜矿区的勘查效果.地质与勘探,38:32～36.
李松林,张先康,W.D.Mooney,赖晓玲,A J Michael,段永红.2002.伽师地震区地壳细结构及发震断层的初步研究.地球物理学报,45(1):76～82.
林品荣.2006.电磁法综合探测系统研究.地质学报,80(10):1539～1548.
刘慧勤.1998.山东省昌邑-平度地区航空电磁法测量及应用效果.山东地质,14:53～58.
刘启元,陈九辉,李顺成,郭脆.2000.新疆伽师强震群区三维地壳上地慢波S速度结构及其地震成因的探讨.地球物理学报,43(3),356～365.
刘天佑.2007.地球物理勘探概论.北京:地质出版社.
刘裕华,顾仁康,侯振荣.2002.航空放射性测量.物探与化探,26(4):250～252.
卢德源,王香泾.1990.青藏高原北部沱沱河-格尔木地区的地壳结构和深部作用过程.中国地质科学院院报,21:227～237.
卢占武,高锐,李秋生,匡朝阳,刘金凯,李朋武,管烨,贺日政,王海燕.2009.藏北羌塘盆地反射地震剖面与叠加速度研究.中国地质,36(3):677～681.
吕志成,戴自希,蔺志永,颜廷杰.2005.危机矿山接替资源找矿勘查相关成矿理论与技术方法.资源.产业,7(3):80～83.
孟庆敏,高卫东,满延龙,余钦范,钟清.2004.航空电磁法区域农业生态地质调查与评价.物探与化探,28:333～340.
潘和平.2009.地球物理测井与井中物探.北京:科学出版社.
齐诚,陈棋福,陈颙.2007.利用背景噪声进行地震成像的新方法.地球物理学进展,22(3):771～777.
钱桂兰,张保康,曲建余.2007.普通物探.北京:地质出版社.
施俊法,姚华军,李友枝,等.2005.信息找矿战略与勘查百例.北京:地质出版社.
石福升.2007.小功率智能多频发射系统研究与应用.物探与化探,s1:19～26.
石昆法.1999.可控源音频大地电磁法理论与应用.北京:科学出版社.
史大年,姜枚,马开义,等.1999.阿尔金断裂地壳和上地幔结构的P波层析成像.地球物理学报,42(3),341～350.
史大年,余钦范,Georges Poupinet,Georges Herquel,等.2007.阿尔金断裂带附近地壳结构的接收函数成像及其地球动力学意义.地质学报,81(1):140～144.
孙中苗.2004.航空重力测量理论方法及应用研究.郑州:解放军信息工程大学.
汤井田.2005.可控源音频大地电磁法及其应用.长沙:中南大学出版社.
汤良杰.1996.塔里木盆地演化和构造式样.北京:地质出版社.
滕吉文,熊绍柏,尹周勋,等.1983.喜马拉雅山北部地区的地壳结构模型和速度分布特征.地球物理学报,26(6):525～540.
王椿镛,韩渭宾,吴建平,等.2003.松潘-甘孜造山带地壳速度结构.地震学报,25(3):229～241.
王静波,熊盛青,周锡华,等.2009.航空重力测量系统研究进展.物探与化探,33(4):368～373.
王乃东.2007.有关1:25万航磁系列图的几个问题.物探与化探,31(5),459～464.
韦昌山,曾绍金,郑大瑜,朱裕生.2004.资源危机型矿山还有潜力可挖.资源.产业,6(4):46～48.
吴慧山,章晔等.1998.核技术勘查.北京:原子能出版社.
熊绍柏,刘宏兵.1997.青藏高原西部的地壳结构.科学通报,42(12):1309～1312.
熊盛青,陈斌,于长春,等.2006.地下煤层自燃遥感与地球物理探测技术.北京:地质出版社.
熊盛青,于长春,等.2008.大比例尺直升机航空物探在深部找矿中应用前景.地球科学进展,23(3):270～275.
熊盛青,于长春,眭素文,等.2009.中高山区高精度航磁方法技术.北京:地质出版社.
熊盛青,周伏洪,姚正煦.2001年.青藏高原中西部航磁调查.北京:地质出版社.
熊盛青.2009.发展我国航空物探技术有关问题的思考.中国地质,36(6):1366～1374.
熊盛青.2009.发展中国航空物探技术有关问题的思考.中国地质,36(6):1366～1370.
熊盛青.2009.我国航空物探现状与展望.中国地质,9(1):18～22.
熊盛青.2009.我国航空重磁技术现状与发展趋势.地球物理学进展,24(1):113～117.
徐明才,高景华,荣立新等.2005.地震层析成像和高分辨率地震联合勘探技术.地质与勘探,41(4):83～87.
徐明才,高景华等.2009.金属矿地震勘探.北京:地质出版社.
徐新忠,蒋亚明,齐雄飞,等.1992.新-甘地震测深剖面的地壳速度结构及大地构造单元划分.新疆地质,10(2):147～154.
姚保华,章振铨,王家林,火恩杰,张先康,刘宝金,吴建生,王夫运,于鹏,毛雅萍.2007.伤害地区地壳精细结构的综合地球物理探测研究.地球物理学报,50(2):482～491.
于长春,范正国,等.2010.直升机航磁方法在大冶铁矿区深部找矿中的见矿实例.物探与化探,34(4):435～439.
于长春,范正国,王乃东,等.2007.高分辨率航磁方法及其在大冶铁矿区的应用.地球物理学进展,22(3):979.
于长春,王万银,等.2007.频率域偶层位方法在直升机磁测数据处理中的应用.物探与化探,31(6):577～584.
袁学诚,任纪舜,徐明才,等.2002.东秦岭邓县-南漳反射地震剖面及其构造意义.中国地质,29(1):14～19.
曾华霖.2005.重力场与重力勘探.北京:地质出版社.
张昌达.2006.航空时间域电磁法测量系统:回顾与前瞻.工程地球物理学报,3(4):265～273.
张辉,李桐林,董瑞霞.2006.基于电偶源的体积分方程法三维电磁反演.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),36:284～288.
张先康,张成科,赵金仁,任青芳,聂文英,成双喜,潘素珍,唐周琼.2002.帕米尔东北侧地壳结构研究.地球物理学报,45(5):665～671.
张勇,冯万鹏,许力生,周成虎,陈运泰.2008.2008年汶川大地震的时空破裂过程.中国科学D辑,38(10),1186～1194.
张征.2005.镜儿泉铜镍矿区井中激电的应用效果.地质与勘探,41(增刊):16～18.
郑采君.2004.采样率为192kHz的24位AD转换器CS5361原理及应用.电子设计工程,5:50～53.
郑广如,张玄杰,华子良,等.2011.高精度航磁调查在新疆西天山地区的应用.物探与化探,35(2),188～191.
周锡华,乔广志.2002.新一代航空多道伽玛能谱仪的引进和初步应用.物探与化探,26(4):318～320.
朱金芳,方盛明,张先康,曲国盛,黄宗林,张成科,赵金仁.2006.漳州盆地及其邻区地壳深部结构的探测与研究.中国地震,22(4):405～417.
Ai YS,Zheng T Y.2003.The upper mantle discontinuity structurebeneath eastern China.Geophy Res L ett,30(21):2089.
Aki K,Christofferson A,Husebye E.1977.Determination of thethree-dimensional structure of thelithosphere.J.Geophys.Res82:277～296.
Annette M,Veilleux,Diane I Doser.2007.Studies of Wadati-Benioff Zone Seismicity of the Anchorage,Alaska,Region,Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,97(1B):52～62.
Bohlen T,Muller C,Milkereit B.2003.Elastic seismic-wavescattering from massive sulfide orebodies:on the role ofcomposition and shape.in:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury MH,eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration.USA:SEG.70～89.
Bostock M G.1998.Seismic stratigraphy and evolution of the Slaveprovince.Journal of Geophysical Research,103:21183～21200.
Bostock M G,Hyndman R D,Rondenay S,Peacock S M.2002.Aninverted continental Moho and serpentization of the forearcmantle.Nature,417:536～538.
Bostock M.1996.Aseismic image of the upper mantle beneath theNorth American Craton,Geophys.Res.Lett.,23,1593～1596.
Bostock M.1997.Anisotropic upper-mantle stratigraphy andarchitecture of the Slave craton.Nature,390:392～395.
Bostock M.1998.Mantle stratigraphy and evolution of the Slaveprovince,J.Geophys.Res.,103,21,183～21,200.
Bostock M,S Rondenay.1999.Migration of scattered teleseismicbody waves.Geophys,137:732～746.
Bostock M,S Rondenay,J Shragge.2001.Multiparameter two-dimensional inversion of scattered teleseismic body waves.Geophys.Res.,106:30785～30796.
Campillo M,Paul A.2003.Long-range correlations in the diffuseseismic coda.Science,299:547～549.
Chen Y T,Xu L S.2000.Atime domaininversion technique for thetempo-spatial distribution of slip on a finite fault plane withapplications to recent large earthquakes in Tibetan Plateau.Geophys J Int,143(2):407～416.
Chen Yunping,Wang Liangshu,Mi Ning,et al.2005.Shear wavesplitting observations in the Chinese Tianshan Orogenic Belt.Geophysical Research Letters,32(7):L07306.
Crampin S.1985.Evaluation of anisotropy by shear-wave splitting:Geophysics,50:142～152.
Dahlen F A,Hung Shu huei.2000.Nolet G.Frechet kernels forfinite frequency travel times I.Theory.Geophys.J.Int.,141:157～174.
Dapeng Zhao,Akira Hasegawa,Hiroo Kanamori.1994.Deepstructure of Japan subduction zone as derived from local,regional,and teleseismic events.J.Geophys.Res.,99(B11):22313～22329.
David Annetts,Fred Sugeng,Art Ralche.2003.Modelling andmatching the airborne EM response of Harmony and MaggieHays.ASEG16th Geophysical Conference and Exhibition.
Dueker K G,A F Sheehan.1997.Mantle discontinuity structurefrom midpoint stacks of converted Pto S converted waves acrossthe Yellowstone hotspot track.J.Geophys.Res.,102:8313～8327.
Dueker K G,A F Sheehan.1998.Mantle discontinuity structurebeneath the Colorado Rocky Mountains and High Plains.J.Geophys.Res.,103:7153～7169.
Dziewonski A M,Anderson D L.1981.Preliminary reference Earthmodel.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,25:297～356.
Dziewonski A M,Hager B H,O'Connell R J.1977.Large scaleheterogeneities in the lower mantle.J.Geophys.Res,82:239～255.
Farra V,L Vinnik.2000.Upper mantle stratification by P and Sreceiver functions.Geophys.J.Int.,141:699～712.
Fountain D,Smith R,Payne T.,et al.2005.A Helicopter Time-Domain EMSystem applied to mineral exploration:System andData.First Break,23:73～78.
G.Zandt,H.Gilbert,T.J.Owens,M.Ducea,J.Saleeby and C.H.Jones.2004.Active foundering of a continental arc rootbeneath the southern Sierra Nevada in California.Nature,431:41～46.
Gao Y,Wang P,Zheng S,Wang M,Chen Y-T.1998.Temporalchanges in shear-wave splitting at an isolated swarm of smallearthquakes in1992near Dongfang,Hainan Island,SouthernChina.Geophys.J.Int.,135:102～112.
Geroge K,Asiamah.2004.The South Ashanti Greenstone BeltGEOTEM and magnetic survey-application to mineralexploration.SEGInt'l Exposition and74th Annual Meeting.
Gu YJ A,Dziewonski M,Su W-J,Ekstr m,G.2001.Models ofthe mantle shear velocity and discontinuities in the pattern oflateral heterogeneities.J.Geophys.Res.,106:11169～11199.
Hartzell S H,Heaton T H.1983.Inversion of strong ground motionand teleseismic waveformdata for the fault rupture history of the1979Imperial Valley,California,earthquake.Bull Seism SocAm.73:1553～1583.
Hirn A,Jiang M,M Sapin,J Diaz,A Nercessian,Lu Q T,J CLepine,Shi D N,MSachpazi,MR Pandey,Ma K Y,J Gallart.1995.Seismic anisotropy as an indicator of mantle flow beneaththe Himalayas and Tibet.Nature,375(15):571～574.
Hovgaard J,Grasty R L.1997.Reducing Statistical Noise inAirborne Gamma-Ray Data Through Spectral ComponentAnalysis,Radiometric Methods and Remote Sensing.
Hung Shu huei,Dahlen F A,Nolet G.2000.Frechet kernels forfinite frequency traveltimes-II.Examples.Geophys.J.Int,141:175～203.
J MRavens,Rob O'Connor,Hai Zhu,Helen Anderson.1993.Deepseismic reflection profiling in east Taranaki using standard oil-industry acquisition parameters.NewZealand Journal of Geologyand Geophysics,36:69～75.
Kennett B L N,Engdahl E R.1991.Travel times for globalearthquake location and phaseidentification.Geophysical JournalInternational,105:429～465.
Kennett L N,Engdahl E R,Buland R.1995.Constraints on thevelocity structure in the Earth from travel times.GeophysicalJournal International,122:108～124.
Kikuchi M,Kanamori H.1982.Inversion of complex body waves.Bull SeismSoc Am,72:491～506.
Kind R,Ni J,Zhao W,Wu J,Yuan X,Zhao L,Sandvol E,ReeseC,Nabelek J,Hearn T.1996.Evidence from earthquake datafor a partially molten crustal layer in Southern Tibet.Science,274:1692～1694.
Kosarev G,Kind R,Sobolev S V,Yuan X,Hanka W,Oreshin S.1999.Seismic evidence for a detached Indian lithospheric mantlebeneath Tibet.Science,283:1306～1309.
Kumar P,Yuan X,Kumar MR,Kind R,Li X,Chadha R K.2007.The rapid drift of the Indian tectonic plate.Nature,449:894～897
Langston C A.1979.Structure under Mount Rainier,Washington,Inferred from teleseismic body waves.J.Geophys.Res.,84:4749～4762.
Levander A,K M Fischer,F L Vernon,J Park.2000.Wave fieldimaging with teleseisms,Eos Trans.AGU,81(48):S12A～S21A.
Levin V,Park J.1997.P-SHconversions in a flat-layered mediumwith anisotropy of arbitrary orientation.Geophys.J.Int,131:253～266.
Liang X,S Zhou,YJ Chen,GJin,L Xiao,P Liu,Y Fu,Y Tang,X Lou,J Ning.2008.Earthquake distribution in southern Tibetand its tectonic implications.J.Geophys.Res.,113:B12409,doi:10.1029/2007JB005101.
Marquering H,Dahlen F A,Nolet G.1999.Three dimensionalsensitivity kernels for finite frequency travel times:the bananadoughnut paradox.Geophys.J.Int.,137:805～815.
Minty b r s.1992.Airborne gamma-ray spectrometric backgroundestimation using full spectrum analysis,Geophysics,57,279～287.
Miodrag Boli,Vujo Drndarevi.2002.Digital gamma-rayspectroscopy based on FPGA technology.Nuclear Instrumentsand Methods in Physics Research.482(3):761～766
Mégnin C,Romanowicz B.2000.The3Dshear velocity structure ofthe mantle fromthe inversion of body surface and higher modewaveforms.Geophys.J.Int.,143:709～729.
Nettleton L L,LaCoste L,Harrison J C.1960.Test of an AirborneGravity Meter.Geophysics,25(1):181～202.
Poppeliers C,Pavlis G L.2003.Three-dimensional,prestack,planewave migration of teleseismic P-to-S converted phases:1.Theory,Journal of geophysical research,108(B2),2112,doi:10.1029/2001JB000216.
Ritsema J,van Heijst HJ,Woodhouse J H.1999.Complex shearwave velocity structure imaged beneath Africa and Iceland.Science,286:1925～1928.
Romanowicz,B.2008.Using seismic waves toimage Earth'sinternalstructure.Nature,451(17):266～268.
Roux P,Sabra K G,Gerstoft P et al.2005.P-waves from cross-correlation of seismic noise.Geophysical Research Letters,32:L19303,doi:10.1029/2005GL023803.
Rumpel H-M,C Prodehl,C Snelson,G R Keller.2005.Results ofthe CD-ROM project seismic refraction/wide-angle reflectionexperiment:The upper and middle crust,in The RockyMountain Region:An Evolving Lithosphere.Geophys.Monogr.Ser.,154:257～270.
Ryberg T,M Weber.2000.Receiver function array:A reflectionseismic approach.Geophys.J.Int.,141:1～11.
Schulte-Pelkum V,Monsalve G,Sheehan A F,Pandey M R,Sapkota S,Bilham R,Wu F.2005.Imaging the Indiansubcontinent beneath the Himalaya.Nature,435:1222～1225.
Shapiro N M,Campillo M,Stehly L et al.2005,High resolutionsurface wave tomography from ambient seismic noise.Science,307:1615～1618.
Shapiro N M,Campillo M.2004.Emergence of broadband Rayleighwaves from correlations of the ambient seismic noise.Geophysical Research Let ters,31,L07614,doi:10.1029/2004GL019491.
Shapiro,Nikolai M,Michael H Ritzwoller,Peter Molnar,VadimLevin.2004.Thinning and Flowof Tibetan Crust Constrained bySeismic Anisotropy.SCIENCE,305:233～236.
Sheehan A F,G A Abers,C H Jones,A L Lerner-Lam.1995.Crustal thickness variations across the Colorado RockyMountains from teleseismic receiver functions.J.Geophys.Res.,100:20391～20404.
Shi D,Zhao W,Brown L,Nelson D,Zhao X,Kind R,Ni J,XiongJ,Mechie J,Guo J,Klemperer S L,Hearn T.2004.Detectionof southwardintra-continental subduction of Tibetan lithospherealong the Bangong-Nujiang suture by P-to-S converted waves.Geology,32:209～212.
Sodoudi F,Yuan X,Liu Q,Kind R,Chen J.2006,Lithosphericthickness beneath the Dabie Shan,central eastern China from Sreceiver functions.Geophysical Journal International,166(3):1363～1367.
T Kihm,V F Bobrakov.2003.Adigital multi-channel spectroscopysystem with100MHz flash ADC module for the GENI US-TFand GENI US projects.Nuclear Instruments and Methods inPhysics Research.498(1-3):334～339.
ThompsonL.1959.Airborne Gravity Meter Test,Journal ofGeophysical Research.64(4):488.
U.S.Depart ment of the Interior.2006.Mapping Ground Water inThree Dimensions-An Analysis of Airborne GeophysicalSurveys of the Upper San Pedro River Basin,Cochise County,Southeastern Arizona.USGS Report.
Wang-Ping Chen,Zhaohui Yang.2004.Earthquakes Beneath theHimalayas and Tibet.Evidence for Strong Lithospheric Mantle,304:1949～1952.
William R G.1998.An Historical Reviewof Airborne Gravity.TheLeading Edge,(1):113～116.
Witherly K,Irvine R.2006.The VTEM Heli-time Domain EMsystem-Four Case Studies.AESC2006,Melbourne,Australia,1～4.
Wittlinger G,P Tapponnier,G Poupinet,M Jiang,S Danian,GHerquel.1998.Tomographic evidence for localized lithosphericshear along the Altyn Tagh fault.Science,282:74～76.
Xu Mingcai,Hu Zhenyuan,Gao Jinghua.,et al.1997.Research ofSeismic Methods in Base-metal Ore Exploration,Proceedings ofthe30th International Geological Congress,Geophysics[M].VSP Utrecht,the Netherlands,20158～166.
Yinshuang Ai,Tianyu Zheng.2003.The upper mantle discontinuitystructure beneath eastern China.Geophysical research letters,30(21):2089,doi:10.1029/2003GL017678.
Yuji Mitsuhata.2000.2-Delectromagnetic modeling byfinite-elementmethod with a dipole-dipole source and topography.GEOPHYSICS,65(2):465～475.
Zeng rongsheng,Wu F T,Owens TJ.1993.Anintroduction to theSino-US joint project"Lithospheric structure and dynamics inTibetan Plateau".Acta seismologica Sinica,6(2),249～250.
Zhao Jung-meng,Mooney Walter D,Zhang Xian-kang,Li Zhi-chun,Jin Zhi-jun,Okaya Nihal.2006.Crustal structure acrossthe Altyn Tagh Range at the northern margin of the TibetanPlateau and tectonic implications.Earth and Planetary ScienceLetters,241(3～4):804～814.
Zhao L,Jordan T H,Chapman C H.2000.Three-dimensionalFréchet differential kernels for seismic delay times.Geophy.J.Int.,141(3):558～576.
Zhao D,Y Xu,D A Wiens,L Dorman,J Hildebrand,S Webb.1997.Depth extent of the Lau back-arc spreading center and itsrelationship to subduction processes.Science,278:254～257.
Zhao W,Nelson K D,Project I NDEPTHteam.1993.Deep seismicreflection evidence for continental underthrusting beneathsouthern Tibet.Nature,366:557～559.
Zhao W,Brown L,Wu Z,Klemperer S L,Shi D,Mechie J,Su H,Til mann F,Karplus MS,Makovsky Y.2008.Seismology AcrossThe Northeastern Edge Of The Tibetan Plateau.Eos,89(48):487.
Zheng Tianyu,Ling Chen,Liang Zhao,Rixiang Zhu.2007.Crustalstructure across the Yanshan belt at the northern margin of theNorth China Craton.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,161:doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2007.01.004.
蔡柏林,黄智辉,谷守民.1983.井中激发极化法.北京:地质出版社.
蔡柏林.1992.井中物探的发展现状与展望.物探化探译丛,4:101～105.
曹新志,张旺生,孙华山.2009.我国深部找矿研究进展综述.地质科技情报,28(2):104～109.
陈九辉,刘启元,李顺成,等.2005.青藏高原东北缘-鄂尔多斯地块地壳上地幔S波速度结构.地球物理学报,48(2):333～342.
陈乐寿,王光锷.1990.大地电磁测深法.北京:地质出版社.
陈学强,杨举勇,简先知,张德刚,段孟川.2007.塔中碳酸盐岩勘探小面元三维地震采集设计方法及应用效果.天然气工业,27(增刊A):37～39.
陈颙,陈龙生,于晟.2003.城市地球物理学发展展望.大地测量与地球动力学,23(4):1～4.
陈运平,王良书,米宁.2009.天山造山带的宽频带地震台阵流动观测.勘探地球物理进展,32(1),27～32.
崔作舟,陈纪平,吴苓.1996.花石峡-邵阳深部地壳的结构和构造.北京:地质出版社.
崔作舟,尹周勋,高恩元,等.1992.青藏高原速度结构和深部构造.北京:地质出版社.
地质矿产部第一综合物探大队.1985.井中磁测.北京:地质出版社.
方方等.2002.γ射线低能谱测量在地质调查中的初步应用.物探与化探,26(4):279～282.
傅良魁.1983.电法勘探教程.北京:地质出版社.
高锐,卢占武,刘金凯,酆少英,李朋武,张季生,王海燕.2010.庐-枞金属矿集区地震反射剖面解释结果-揭露地壳精细结构追踪成矿过程.岩石学报,26(9):2543～2552.
郭志宏,熊盛青,周坚鑫,等.2000.航空重力重复线测试数据质量评价方法研究.地球物理学报,51(5):1538～1543.
何继善编译.1990.可控源音频大地电磁法.长沙:中南工业大学出版社.
籍同冰,徐明才.1995.俄罗斯金属矿地震勘探.物化探译丛.4:25～34.
姜枚,吕庆田,薛光琦.1994.中法两国联合进行青藏高原天然地震探测地壳结构的研究.地球物理学报,37(3):412～413.
姜枚,薛光琦,史大年,等.1997.青藏高原天然地震研究新进展-中法合作东昆仑、阿尔金构造带岩石圈与碰撞机制研究.中国地球物理学会建立50周年纪念专辑,351～354.
雷达,孟小红,等.2004.复杂地形条件下的可控源音频大地电磁测深数据二维反演技术及应用效果.物探与化探,28(4):323～326.
雷达.2010.起伏地形下CSAMT二维正反演研究与应用.地球物理学报,53(4):982～993.
雷栋,胡祥云,张素芳.2006.航空电磁法的发展现状.地质找矿论丛,21(1):40～53.
雷振英.2007.井中声波方法研究的回顾与展望.物化探计算技术,29:170～173.
李华,王良书,李成,刘福田,胡德昭,于大勇.2008.大别造山带西段宽频带数字地震台阵观测与地壳上地幔结构.中国科学D辑,38(7):862～871.
李建华,林品荣.2009.基于多采样率FIR数字滤波技术的CSAMT信号提取.物探化探计算技术,31(1):33～38.
李秋生,卢德源,高锐,等.2000.横垮西昆仑-塔里木接触带的爆炸地震探测.中国科学(D),增刊:16～21.
李汝传,王书民,雷达.2002.复电阻率法和CSAMT法在土屋铜矿区的勘查效果.地质与勘探,38:32～36.
李松林,张先康,W.D.Mooney,赖晓玲,A J Michael,段永红.2002.伽师地震区地壳细结构及发震断层的初步研究.地球物理学报,45(1):76～82.
林品荣.2006.电磁法综合探测系统研究.地质学报,80(10):1539～1548.
刘慧勤.1998.山东省昌邑-平度地区航空电磁法测量及应用效果.山东地质,14:53～58.
刘启元,陈九辉,李顺成,郭脆.2000.新疆伽师强震群区三维地壳上地慢波S速度结构及其地震成因的探讨.地球物理学报,43(3),356～365.
刘天佑.2007.地球物理勘探概论.北京:地质出版社.
刘裕华,顾仁康,侯振荣.2002.航空放射性测量.物探与化探,26(4):250～252.
卢德源,王香泾.1990.青藏高原北部沱沱河-格尔木地区的地壳结构和深部作用过程.中国地质科学院院报,21:227～237.
卢占武,高锐,李秋生,匡朝阳,刘金凯,李朋武,管烨,贺日政,王海燕.2009.藏北羌塘盆地反射地震剖面与叠加速度研究.中国地质,36(3):677～681.
吕志成,戴自希,蔺志永,颜廷杰.2005.危机矿山接替资源找矿勘查相关成矿理论与技术方法.资源.产业,7(3):80～83.
孟庆敏,高卫东,满延龙,余钦范,钟清.2004.航空电磁法区域农业生态地质调查与评价.物探与化探,28:333～340.
潘和平.2009.地球物理测井与井中物探.北京:科学出版社.
齐诚,陈棋福,陈颙.2007.利用背景噪声进行地震成像的新方法.地球物理学进展,22(3):771～777.
钱桂兰,张保康,曲建余.2007.普通物探.北京:地质出版社.
施俊法,姚华军,李友枝,等.2005.信息找矿战略与勘查百例.北京:地质出版社.
石福升.2007.小功率智能多频发射系统研究与应用.物探与化探,s1:19～26.
石昆法.1999.可控源音频大地电磁法理论与应用.北京:科学出版社.
史大年,姜枚,马开义,等.1999.阿尔金断裂地壳和上地幔结构的P波层析成像.地球物理学报,42(3),341～350.
史大年,余钦范,Georges Poupinet,Georges Herquel,等.2007.阿尔金断裂带附近地壳结构的接收函数成像及其地球动力学意义.地质学报,81(1):140～144.
孙中苗.2004.航空重力测量理论方法及应用研究.郑州:解放军信息工程大学.
汤井田.2005.可控源音频大地电磁法及其应用.长沙:中南大学出版社.
汤良杰.1996.塔里木盆地演化和构造式样.北京:地质出版社.
滕吉文,熊绍柏,尹周勋,等.1983.喜马拉雅山北部地区的地壳结构模型和速度分布特征.地球物理学报,26(6):525～540.
王椿镛,韩渭宾,吴建平,等.2003.松潘-甘孜造山带地壳速度结构.地震学报,25(3):229～241.
王静波,熊盛青,周锡华,等.2009.航空重力测量系统研究进展.物探与化探,33(4):368～373.
王乃东.2007.有关1:25万航磁系列图的几个问题.物探与化探,31(5),459～464.
韦昌山,曾绍金,郑大瑜,朱裕生.2004.资源危机型矿山还有潜力可挖.资源.产业,6(4):46～48.
吴慧山,章晔等.1998.核技术勘查.北京:原子能出版社.
熊绍柏,刘宏兵.1997.青藏高原西部的地壳结构.科学通报,42(12):1309～1312.
熊盛青,陈斌,于长春,等.2006.地下煤层自燃遥感与地球物理探测技术.北京:地质出版社.
熊盛青,于长春,等.2008.大比例尺直升机航空物探在深部找矿中应用前景.地球科学进展,23(3):270～275.
熊盛青,于长春,眭素文,等.2009.中高山区高精度航磁方法技术.北京:地质出版社.
熊盛青,周伏洪,姚正煦.2001年.青藏高原中西部航磁调查.北京:地质出版社.
熊盛青.2009.发展我国航空物探技术有关问题的思考.中国地质,36(6):1366～1374.
熊盛青.2009.发展中国航空物探技术有关问题的思考.中国地质,36(6):1366～1370.
熊盛青.2009.我国航空物探现状与展望.中国地质,9(1):18～22.
熊盛青.2009.我国航空重磁技术现状与发展趋势.地球物理学进展,24(1):113～117.
徐明才,高景华,荣立新等.2005.地震层析成像和高分辨率地震联合勘探技术.地质与勘探,41(4):83～87.
徐明才,高景华等.2009.金属矿地震勘探.北京:地质出版社.
徐新忠,蒋亚明,齐雄飞,等.1992.新-甘地震测深剖面的地壳速度结构及大地构造单元划分.新疆地质,10(2):147～154.
姚保华,章振铨,王家林,火恩杰,张先康,刘宝金,吴建生,王夫运,于鹏,毛雅萍.2007.伤害地区地壳精细结构的综合地球物理探测研究.地球物理学报,50(2):482～491.
于长春,范正国,等.2010.直升机航磁方法在大冶铁矿区深部找矿中的见矿实例.物探与化探,34(4):435～439.
于长春,范正国,王乃东,等.2007.高分辨率航磁方法及其在大冶铁矿区的应用.地球物理学进展,22(3):979.
于长春,王万银,等.2007.频率域偶层位方法在直升机磁测数据处理中的应用.物探与化探,31(6):577～584.
袁学诚,任纪舜,徐明才,等.2002.东秦岭邓县-南漳反射地震剖面及其构造意义.中国地质,29(1):14～19.
曾华霖.2005.重力场与重力勘探.北京:地质出版社.
张昌达.2006.航空时间域电磁法测量系统:回顾与前瞻.工程地球物理学报,3(4):265～273.
张辉,李桐林,董瑞霞.2006.基于电偶源的体积分方程法三维电磁反演.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),36:284～288.
张先康,张成科,赵金仁,任青芳,聂文英,成双喜,潘素珍,唐周琼.2002.帕米尔东北侧地壳结构研究.地球物理学报,45(5):665～671.
张勇,冯万鹏,许力生,周成虎,陈运泰.2008.2008年汶川大地震的时空破裂过程.中国科学D辑,38(10),1186～1194.
张征.2005.镜儿泉铜镍矿区井中激电的应用效果.地质与勘探,41(增刊):16～18.
郑采君.2004.采样率为192kHz的24位AD转换器CS5361原理及应用.电子设计工程,5:50～53.
郑广如,张玄杰,华子良,等.2011.高精度航磁调查在新疆西天山地区的应用.物探与化探,35(2),188～191.
周锡华,乔广志.2002.新一代航空多道伽玛能谱仪的引进和初步应用.物探与化探,26(4):318～320.
朱金芳,方盛明,张先康,曲国盛,黄宗林,张成科,赵金仁.2006.漳州盆地及其邻区地壳深部结构的探测与研究.中国地震,22(4):405～417.
Ai YS,Zheng T Y.2003.The upper mantle discontinuity structurebeneath eastern China.Geophy Res L ett,30(21):2089.
Aki K,Christofferson A,Husebye E.1977.Determination of thethree-dimensional structure of thelithosphere.J.Geophys.Res82:277～296.
Annette M,Veilleux,Diane I Doser.2007.Studies of Wadati-Benioff Zone Seismicity of the Anchorage,Alaska,Region,Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,97(1B):52～62.
Bohlen T,Muller C,Milkereit B.2003.Elastic seismic-wavescattering from massive sulfide orebodies:on the role ofcomposition and shape.in:Eaton D W,Milkereit B,Salisbury MH,eds.Hardrock Seismic Exploration.USA:SEG.70～89.
Bostock M G.1998.Seismic stratigraphy and evolution of the Slaveprovince.Journal of Geophysical Research,103:21183～21200.
Bostock M G,Hyndman R D,Rondenay S,Peacock S M.2002.Aninverted continental Moho and serpentization of the forearcmantle.Nature,417:536～538.
Bostock M.1996.Aseismic image of the upper mantle beneath theNorth American Craton,Geophys.Res.Lett.,23,1593～1596.
Bostock M.1997.Anisotropic upper-mantle stratigraphy andarchitecture of the Slave craton.Nature,390:392～395.
Bostock M.1998.Mantle stratigraphy and evolution of the Slaveprovince,J.Geophys.Res.,103,21,183～21,200.
Bostock M,S Rondenay.1999.Migration of scattered teleseismicbody waves.Geophys,137:732～746.
Bostock M,S Rondenay,J Shragge.2001.Multiparameter two-dimensional inversion of scattered teleseismic body waves.Geophys.Res.,106:30785～30796.
Campillo M,Paul A.2003.Long-range correlations in the diffuseseismic coda.Science,299:547～549.
Chen Y T,Xu L S.2000.Atime domaininversion technique for thetempo-spatial distribution of slip on a finite fault plane withapplications to recent large earthquakes in Tibetan Plateau.Geophys J Int,143(2):407～416.
Chen Yunping,Wang Liangshu,Mi Ning,et al.2005.Shear wavesplitting observations in the Chinese Tianshan Orogenic Belt.Geophysical Research Letters,32(7):L07306.
Crampin S.1985.Evaluation of anisotropy by shear-wave splitting:Geophysics,50:142～152.
Dahlen F A,Hung Shu huei.2000.Nolet G.Frechet kernels forfinite frequency travel times I.Theory.Geophys.J.Int.,141:157～174.
Dapeng Zhao,Akira Hasegawa,Hiroo Kanamori.1994.Deepstructure of Japan subduction zone as derived from local,regional,and teleseismic events.J.Geophys.Res.,99(B11):22313～22329.
David Annetts,Fred Sugeng,Art Ralche.2003.Modelling andmatching the airborne EM response of Harmony and MaggieHays.ASEG16th Geophysical Conference and Exhibition.
Dueker K G,A F Sheehan.1997.Mantle discontinuity structurefrom midpoint stacks of converted Pto S converted waves acrossthe Yellowstone hotspot track.J.Geophys.Res.,102:8313～8327.
Dueker K G,A F Sheehan.1998.Mantle discontinuity structurebeneath the Colorado Rocky Mountains and High Plains.J.Geophys.Res.,103:7153～7169.
Dziewonski A M,Anderson D L.1981.Preliminary reference Earthmodel.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,25:297～356.
Dziewonski A M,Hager B H,O'Connell R J.1977.Large scaleheterogeneities in the lower mantle.J.Geophys.Res,82:239～255.
Farra V,L Vinnik.2000.Upper mantle stratification by P and Sreceiver functions.Geophys.J.Int.,141:699～712.
Fountain D,Smith R,Payne T.,et al.2005.A Helicopter Time-Domain EMSystem applied to mineral exploration:System andData.First Break,23:73～78.
G.Zandt,H.Gilbert,T.J.Owens,M.Ducea,J.Saleeby and C.H.Jones.2004.Active foundering of a continental arc rootbeneath the southern Sierra Nevada in California.Nature,431:41～46.
Gao Y,Wang P,Zheng S,Wang M,Chen Y-T.1998.Temporalchanges in shear-wave splitting at an isolated swarm of smallearthquakes in1992near Dongfang,Hainan Island,SouthernChina.Geophys.J.Int.,135:102～112.
Geroge K,Asiamah.2004.The South Ashanti Greenstone BeltGEOTEM and magnetic survey-application to mineralexploration.SEGInt'l Exposition and74th Annual Meeting.
Gu YJ A,Dziewonski M,Su W-J,Ekstr m,G.2001.Models ofthe mantle shear velocity and discontinuities in the pattern oflateral heterogeneities.J.Geophys.Res.,106:11169～11199.
Hartzell S H,Heaton T H.1983.Inversion of strong ground motionand teleseismic waveformdata for the fault rupture history of the1979Imperial Valley,California,earthquake.Bull Seism SocAm.73:1553～1583.
Hirn A,Jiang M,M Sapin,J Diaz,A Nercessian,Lu Q T,J CLepine,Shi D N,MSachpazi,MR Pandey,Ma K Y,J Gallart.1995.Seismic anisotropy as an indicator of mantle flow beneaththe Himalayas and Tibet.Nature,375(15):571～574.
Hovgaard J,Grasty R L.1997.Reducing Statistical Noise inAirborne Gamma-Ray Data Through Spectral ComponentAnalysis,Radiometric Methods and Remote Sensing.
Hung Shu huei,Dahlen F A,Nolet G.2000.Frechet kernels forfinite frequency traveltimes-II.Examples.Geophys.J.Int,141:175～203.
J MRavens,Rob O'Connor,Hai Zhu,Helen Anderson.1993.Deepseismic reflection profiling in east Taranaki using standard oil-industry acquisition parameters.NewZealand Journal of Geologyand Geophysics,36:69～75.
Kennett B L N,Engdahl E R.1991.Travel times for globalearthquake location and phaseidentification.Geophysical JournalInternational,105:429～465.
Kennett L N,Engdahl E R,Buland R.1995.Constraints on thevelocity structure in the Earth from travel times.GeophysicalJournal International,122:108～124.
Kikuchi M,Kanamori H.1982.Inversion of complex body waves.Bull SeismSoc Am,72:491～506.
Kind R,Ni J,Zhao W,Wu J,Yuan X,Zhao L,Sandvol E,ReeseC,Nabelek J,Hearn T.1996.Evidence from earthquake datafor a partially molten crustal layer in Southern Tibet.Science,274:1692～1694.
Kosarev G,Kind R,Sobolev S V,Yuan X,Hanka W,Oreshin S.1999.Seismic evidence for a detached Indian lithospheric mantlebeneath Tibet.Science,283:1306～1309.
Kumar P,Yuan X,Kumar MR,Kind R,Li X,Chadha R K.2007.The rapid drift of the Indian tectonic plate.Nature,449:894～897
Langston C A.1979.Structure under Mount Rainier,Washington,Inferred from teleseismic body waves.J.Geophys.Res.,84:4749～4762.
Levander A,K M Fischer,F L Vernon,J Park.2000.Wave fieldimaging with teleseisms,Eos Trans.AGU,81(48):S12A～S21A.
Levin V,Park J.1997.P-SHconversions in a flat-layered mediumwith anisotropy of arbitrary orientation.Geophys.J.Int,131:253～266.
Liang X,S Zhou,YJ Chen,GJin,L Xiao,P Liu,Y Fu,Y Tang,X Lou,J Ning.2008.Earthquake distribution in southern Tibetand its tectonic implications.J.Geophys.Res.,113:B12409,doi:10.1029/2007JB005101.
Marquering H,Dahlen F A,Nolet G.1999.Three dimensionalsensitivity kernels for finite frequency travel times:the bananadoughnut paradox.Geophys.J.Int.,137:805～815.
Minty b r s.1992.Airborne gamma-ray spectrometric backgroundestimation using full spectrum analysis,Geophysics,57,279～287.
Miodrag Boli,Vujo Drndarevi.2002.Digital gamma-rayspectroscopy based on FPGA technology.Nuclear Instrumentsand Methods in Physics Research.482(3):761～766
Mégnin C,Romanowicz B.2000.The3Dshear velocity structure ofthe mantle fromthe inversion of body surface and higher modewaveforms.Geophys.J.Int.,143:709～729.
Nettleton L L,LaCoste L,Harrison J C.1960.Test of an AirborneGravity Meter.Geophysics,25(1):181～202.
Poppeliers C,Pavlis G L.2003.Three-dimensional,prestack,planewave migration of teleseismic P-to-S converted phases:1.Theory,Journal of geophysical research,108(B2),2112,doi:10.1029/2001JB000216.
Ritsema J,van Heijst HJ,Woodhouse J H.1999.Complex shearwave velocity structure imaged beneath Africa and Iceland.Science,286:1925～1928.
Romanowicz,B.2008.Using seismic waves toimage Earth'sinternalstructure.Nature,451(17):266～268.
Roux P,Sabra K G,Gerstoft P et al.2005.P-waves from cross-correlation of seismic noise.Geophysical Research Letters,32:L19303,doi:10.1029/2005GL023803.
Rumpel H-M,C Prodehl,C Snelson,G R Keller.2005.Results ofthe CD-ROM project seismic refraction/wide-angle reflectionexperiment:The upper and middle crust,in The RockyMountain Region:An Evolving Lithosphere.Geophys.Monogr.Ser.,154:257～270.
Ryberg T,M Weber.2000.Receiver function array:A reflectionseismic approach.Geophys.J.Int.,141:1～11.
Schulte-Pelkum V,Monsalve G,Sheehan A F,Pandey M R,Sapkota S,Bilham R,Wu F.2005.Imaging the Indiansubcontinent beneath the Himalaya.Nature,435:1222～1225.
Shapiro N M,Campillo M,Stehly L et al.2005,High resolutionsurface wave tomography from ambient seismic noise.Science,307:1615～1618.
Shapiro N M,Campillo M.2004.Emergence of broadband Rayleighwaves from correlations of the ambient seismic noise.Geophysical Research Let ters,31,L07614,doi:10.1029/2004GL019491.
Shapiro,Nikolai M,Michael H Ritzwoller,Peter Molnar,VadimLevin.2004.Thinning and Flowof Tibetan Crust Constrained bySeismic Anisotropy.SCIENCE,305:233～236.
Sheehan A F,G A Abers,C H Jones,A L Lerner-Lam.1995.Crustal thickness variations across the Colorado RockyMountains from teleseismic receiver functions.J.Geophys.Res.,100:20391～20404.
Shi D,Zhao W,Brown L,Nelson D,Zhao X,Kind R,Ni J,XiongJ,Mechie J,Guo J,Klemperer S L,Hearn T.2004.Detectionof southwardintra-continental subduction of Tibetan lithospherealong the Bangong-Nujiang suture by P-to-S converted waves.Geology,32:209～212.
Sodoudi F,Yuan X,Liu Q,Kind R,Chen J.2006,Lithosphericthickness beneath the Dabie Shan,central eastern China from Sreceiver functions.Geophysical Journal International,166(3):1363～1367.
T Kihm,V F Bobrakov.2003.Adigital multi-channel spectroscopysystem with100MHz flash ADC module for the GENI US-TFand GENI US projects.Nuclear Instruments and Methods inPhysics Research.498(1-3):334～339.
ThompsonL.1959.Airborne Gravity Meter Test,Journal ofGeophysical Research.64(4):488.
U.S.Depart ment of the Interior.2006.Mapping Ground Water inThree Dimensions-An Analysis of Airborne GeophysicalSurveys of the Upper San Pedro River Basin,Cochise County,Southeastern Arizona.USGS Report.
Wang-Ping Chen,Zhaohui Yang.2004.Earthquakes Beneath theHimalayas and Tibet.Evidence for Strong Lithospheric Mantle,304:1949～1952.
William R G.1998.An Historical Reviewof Airborne Gravity.TheLeading Edge,(1):113～116.
Witherly K,Irvine R.2006.The VTEM Heli-time Domain EMsystem-Four Case Studies.AESC2006,Melbourne,Australia,1～4.
Wittlinger G,P Tapponnier,G Poupinet,M Jiang,S Danian,GHerquel.1998.Tomographic evidence for localized lithosphericshear along the Altyn Tagh fault.Science,282:74～76.
Xu Mingcai,Hu Zhenyuan,Gao Jinghua.,et al.1997.Research ofSeismic Methods in Base-metal Ore Exploration,Proceedings ofthe30th International Geological Congress,Geophysics[M].VSP Utrecht,the Netherlands,20158～166.
Yinshuang Ai,Tianyu Zheng.2003.The upper mantle discontinuitystructure beneath eastern China.Geophysical research letters,30(21):2089,doi:10.1029/2003GL017678.
Yuji Mitsuhata.2000.2-Delectromagnetic modeling byfinite-elementmethod with a dipole-dipole source and topography.GEOPHYSICS,65(2):465～475.
Zeng rongsheng,Wu F T,Owens TJ.1993.Anintroduction to theSino-US joint project"Lithospheric structure and dynamics inTibetan Plateau".Acta seismologica Sinica,6(2),249～250.
Zhao Jung-meng,Mooney Walter D,Zhang Xian-kang,Li Zhi-chun,Jin Zhi-jun,Okaya Nihal.2006.Crustal structure acrossthe Altyn Tagh Range at the northern margin of the TibetanPlateau and tectonic implications.Earth and Planetary ScienceLetters,241(3～4):804～814.
Zhao L,Jordan T H,Chapman C H.2000.Three-dimensionalFréchet differential kernels for seismic delay times.Geophy.J.Int.,141(3):558～576.
Zhao D,Y Xu,D A Wiens,L Dorman,J Hildebrand,S Webb.1997.Depth extent of the Lau back-arc spreading center and itsrelationship to subduction processes.Science,278:254～257.
Zhao W,Nelson K D,Project I NDEPTHteam.1993.Deep seismicreflection evidence for continental underthrusting beneathsouthern Tibet.Nature,366:557～559.
Zhao W,Brown L,Wu Z,Klemperer S L,Shi D,Mechie J,Su H,Til mann F,Karplus MS,Makovsky Y.2008.Seismology AcrossThe Northeastern Edge Of The Tibetan Plateau.Eos,89(48):487.
Zheng Tianyu,Ling Chen,Liang Zhao,Rixiang Zhu.2007.Crustalstructure across the Yanshan belt at the northern margin of theNorth China Craton.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,161:doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2007.01.004.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心