准南独山子背斜构造几何学和运动学参数的确定及其意义
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摘要
独山子背斜位于准噶尔盆地南缘西部,早在上世纪30年代就在背斜东部浅层新近系的沙湾组(N1s)发现了石油,是我国新疆地区发现最早的油田。该区地震成像品质差,影响了人们对独山子背斜构造特征的明确认识,导致深层(古近系及以下地层)油气勘探滞步不前。该文综合分析了地震、钻井及露头多方面资料,采用地震正演、运动学数值模拟多技术配套、分步骤实现的定量化构造建模方法,以横跨独山子背斜主体的横剖面为蓝本,确定了独山子背斜的几何学和运动学参数,最终建立了独山子构造的模型,并揭示其背斜为一三角剪切-断层传播褶皱,位于主断裂——独山子断裂上盘并受其控制;主断裂倾角为43°,断层错断白垩系吐谷鲁群(K1tg)至新近系沙湾组(N1s)地层,滑脱面为白垩系吐谷鲁群塑性地层,前翼发育剪切三角变形区,顶角为25°。该模型有效降低了独山子背斜构造认识的多解性并表明:独山子背斜中-上侏罗统油气储集层与下白垩统盖层组成的储盖组合成藏条件较好,是下一步油气勘探的现实领域。该方法对我国中西部前陆冲断带广泛发育的断层相关褶皱的研究具有一定的借鉴意义。
The Dushanzi anticline is located at the southwestern margin of Junggar basin. Oil was found in shallow Shawan formation (N1s) in the east of the anticline, in the early 1930s. It , s the first oil field of Xinjiang region, China. Due to the poor quality seismic imaging, the structural characteristics of the anticline is not thoroughly understood. Therefore, there has been little progress in oil and gas exploration in deeper formations. This paper puts forward a quantitative structure modeling method, which consists of two steps with comprehensive information (seismic,drilling and outcrop data) and two crucial techniques (the seismic modeling and kinematics simulation). A seismic section across the Dushanzi anticline was selected as a chief source. The geometric and kinematic parameters of the Dushanzi anticline have been determined, and quantitative structure model was established by using this method. Dushanzi anticline is a trishear-fault propagation fold,located on the hanging wall of the Dushanzi faultwith 43° dip, and comes into being in the mudstone of the Tugulu formation (K1tg); the strata from Tugulu formation (K1tg)to Shawan formation(N1s)were cut off by the fault. The shear deformation area exists in the front limb with a dip angle of 25°. The multiple solutions of Dushanzi anticline are effectively reduced by quantitative structure modeling. The new quantitative model indicates that the lower-middle formations of the Dushanzi anticline has better reservoir prospecting, which is also reasonable to be the further exploration target. This method also has some practical significance in the study for fault-related folds which are widely distributed in western China.
The Dushanzi anticline is located at the southwestern margin of Junggar basin. Oil was found in shallow Shawan formation (N1s) in the east of the anticline, in the early 1930s. It , s the first oil field of Xinjiang region, China. Due to the poor quality seismic imaging, the structural characteristics of the anticline is not thoroughly understood. Therefore, there has been little progress in oil and gas exploration in deeper formations. This paper puts forward a quantitative structure modeling method, which consists of two steps with comprehensive information (seismic,drilling and outcrop data) and two crucial techniques (the seismic modeling and kinematics simulation). A seismic section across the Dushanzi anticline was selected as a chief source. The geometric and kinematic parameters of the Dushanzi anticline have been determined, and quantitative structure model was established by using this method. Dushanzi anticline is a trishear-fault propagation fold,located on the hanging wall of the Dushanzi faultwith 43° dip, and comes into being in the mudstone of the Tugulu formation (K1tg); the strata from Tugulu formation (K1tg)to Shawan formation(N1s)were cut off by the fault. The shear deformation area exists in the front limb with a dip angle of 25°. The multiple solutions of Dushanzi anticline are effectively reduced by quantitative structure modeling. The new quantitative model indicates that the lower-middle formations of the Dushanzi anticline has better reservoir prospecting, which is also reasonable to be the further exploration target. This method also has some practical significance in the study for fault-related folds which are widely distributed in western China.
引文
①中国石油勘探开发研究院等.2005.中国新疆天山两侧前陆盆地野外地质勘察指南.
陈书平,漆家福,于福生,等.2007.准噶尔盆地南缘盆地构造变形特征及其主控因素[J].地质学报,81(2):151-157.
陈涛,魏东涛,杨海波,等.2006.准南前陆冲断带构造特征及其对油气成藏的影响[J].天然气地球科学,17(5):711-718.
邓启东,冯先岳,张培震,等.1999.乌鲁木齐山前坳陷逆断裂-褶皱带及其形成机制[J].地学前缘,6(4):191-200.
管树巍,李本亮,何登发,等.2007.复杂构造解析中的几何学方法与应用[J].地质科学,42(2):722-739.
何登发,Suppe John,贾承造.2005.断层相关褶皱理论与应用研究新进展[J].地学前缘,12(4):353-365.
黄彦庆,侯读杰,余明发,等.2008.独山子油田古近—新近系含油地层高分辨率层序地层特征[J].新疆地质,26(2):155-158.
兰晓雯,宴信飞,吴何珍,等.2009.隐伏活断层地震勘探正演模拟方法[J].现代地质,12(6):1160-1166.
李本亮,魏国齐,贾承造.2009.中国前陆盆地构造地质特征综述与油气勘探[J].地学前缘,16(4):190-202.
李军,尹宏伟,张洁,等.2007.三角剪切模型及在川东大池干构造解译中的应用[J].石油学报,28(4):68-72.
李树新,何光玉,何开泉,等.2008.准噶尔盆地南缘霍玛吐构造带晚新生代构造变形特征及时间[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),35(4):460-474.
邱健,杨智仁.2002.地震资料目标处理解释技术在川东高陡构造地区应用中的典型实例[J].天然气勘探与开发,25(3):43-56.
田亚铭,施泽进,王长城.2005.准噶尔盆地南缘西部东湾背斜带构造演化及含油气性分析[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),32(2):147-151.
吴建华,向书政,吴晓智,等.2002.准噶尔盆地南缘东部构造样式与形成机制[J].新疆石油地质,23(3):208-210.
张冰,颜丹平,宋鸿林,等.2008.断层褶皱要素对隐伏滑脱层深度及几何样式的约束:数学分析及其在重庆地区薄皮构造中的应用[J].现代地质,22(5):779-286.
张锐,郭召杰,张志诚,等.2005.天山北麓晚新生代独山子—安集海褶皱冲断带构造分析及其对河流改道的影响[J].新疆地质,123(3):215-219.
Allmendinger R W.1998.Inverse and forward Numerical modeling oftrishear fault-propagation folding[J].Tectonics,17(4):640-656.
Burchfiel B C,Brown E T,Deng Q,et al.1999.Crustal shortening on themargins of the Tien Shan Xinjiang,China[J].International GeologyReview,(41):665-700.
Fu B H,Lina A,Kanoa K I,et al.2003.Quaternary folding of the easternTian Shan,northwest China[J].Tectonics,369(1-2):79-101.
Carcione J M.2002.Seismic modeling[J].Geophysics,67(4):1304-1325.
Erslev E A.1991.Trishear fault-propagation folding[J].Geology,19(6):617-620.
Hardy S and Poblet J.1994.Geometic and numerical model of progressivelimb rotation in detachment flod[J].Geology,22:371-374.
Narr W and Suppe J.1994.Kinematics of basement-involvedcompressive structures[J].American Journal of Science,294(7):802-860.
Shaw J H,Connors C and Suppe J.2005.Seismic interpretation ofcontractional feult-related folds:An AAPG seismic atlas[A].AAPGSpecial Publication,7:1-270.
Suppe J.1983.Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding[J].American Journal of Science,283(7):684-721.
Suppe J and Medwedfff D A.1990.Geometry and kinematics of fault-propagation folding[J].Ecolgae Geologicae Helvetiae,83(3):409-454.
陈书平,漆家福,于福生,等.2007.准噶尔盆地南缘盆地构造变形特征及其主控因素[J].地质学报,81(2):151-157.
陈涛,魏东涛,杨海波,等.2006.准南前陆冲断带构造特征及其对油气成藏的影响[J].天然气地球科学,17(5):711-718.
邓启东,冯先岳,张培震,等.1999.乌鲁木齐山前坳陷逆断裂-褶皱带及其形成机制[J].地学前缘,6(4):191-200.
管树巍,李本亮,何登发,等.2007.复杂构造解析中的几何学方法与应用[J].地质科学,42(2):722-739.
何登发,Suppe John,贾承造.2005.断层相关褶皱理论与应用研究新进展[J].地学前缘,12(4):353-365.
黄彦庆,侯读杰,余明发,等.2008.独山子油田古近—新近系含油地层高分辨率层序地层特征[J].新疆地质,26(2):155-158.
兰晓雯,宴信飞,吴何珍,等.2009.隐伏活断层地震勘探正演模拟方法[J].现代地质,12(6):1160-1166.
李本亮,魏国齐,贾承造.2009.中国前陆盆地构造地质特征综述与油气勘探[J].地学前缘,16(4):190-202.
李军,尹宏伟,张洁,等.2007.三角剪切模型及在川东大池干构造解译中的应用[J].石油学报,28(4):68-72.
李树新,何光玉,何开泉,等.2008.准噶尔盆地南缘霍玛吐构造带晚新生代构造变形特征及时间[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),35(4):460-474.
邱健,杨智仁.2002.地震资料目标处理解释技术在川东高陡构造地区应用中的典型实例[J].天然气勘探与开发,25(3):43-56.
田亚铭,施泽进,王长城.2005.准噶尔盆地南缘西部东湾背斜带构造演化及含油气性分析[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),32(2):147-151.
吴建华,向书政,吴晓智,等.2002.准噶尔盆地南缘东部构造样式与形成机制[J].新疆石油地质,23(3):208-210.
张冰,颜丹平,宋鸿林,等.2008.断层褶皱要素对隐伏滑脱层深度及几何样式的约束:数学分析及其在重庆地区薄皮构造中的应用[J].现代地质,22(5):779-286.
张锐,郭召杰,张志诚,等.2005.天山北麓晚新生代独山子—安集海褶皱冲断带构造分析及其对河流改道的影响[J].新疆地质,123(3):215-219.
Allmendinger R W.1998.Inverse and forward Numerical modeling oftrishear fault-propagation folding[J].Tectonics,17(4):640-656.
Burchfiel B C,Brown E T,Deng Q,et al.1999.Crustal shortening on themargins of the Tien Shan Xinjiang,China[J].International GeologyReview,(41):665-700.
Fu B H,Lina A,Kanoa K I,et al.2003.Quaternary folding of the easternTian Shan,northwest China[J].Tectonics,369(1-2):79-101.
Carcione J M.2002.Seismic modeling[J].Geophysics,67(4):1304-1325.
Erslev E A.1991.Trishear fault-propagation folding[J].Geology,19(6):617-620.
Hardy S and Poblet J.1994.Geometic and numerical model of progressivelimb rotation in detachment flod[J].Geology,22:371-374.
Narr W and Suppe J.1994.Kinematics of basement-involvedcompressive structures[J].American Journal of Science,294(7):802-860.
Shaw J H,Connors C and Suppe J.2005.Seismic interpretation ofcontractional feult-related folds:An AAPG seismic atlas[A].AAPGSpecial Publication,7:1-270.
Suppe J.1983.Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding[J].American Journal of Science,283(7):684-721.
Suppe J and Medwedfff D A.1990.Geometry and kinematics of fault-propagation folding[J].Ecolgae Geologicae Helvetiae,83(3):409-454.
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